Java设计模式 -- 迭代器模式
liu87710
8年前
<p>迭代器模式: 提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中的各个元素,而又不暴露其内部的表示。</p> <p>比如说,现在我们有两个聚合对象,一个是数组,一个是 ArrayList , 利用这两个对象分别存储文理科课程信息,像下面这样。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class LiberalLessons { public static final int MAX_LESSONS = 3; private int numberOfLessons = 0; private String[] lessons; public LiberalLessons() { lessons = new String[MAX_LESSONS]; addLessons("Political"); addLessons("Geography"); addLessons("History"); } private void addLessons(String lesson) { lessons[numberOfLessons] = lesson; numberOfLessons++; } public String[] getLessons() { return lessons; } } public class ScienceLessons { private ArrayList<String> lessons; public ScienceLessons() { lessons = new ArrayList<>(); addLessons("Physical"); addLessons("Chemical"); addLessons("Biological"); } private void addLessons(String lesson) { lessons.add(lesson); } public ArrayList getLessons() { return lessons; } }</code></pre> <p>可见,以上我们将信息保存在了不同的聚合对象中,那么如果我们想要同时打印文理科的课程,该怎么办呢?</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class PrintHelper { private LiberalLessons liberalLessons; private ScienceLessons scienceLessons; public PrintHelper(LiberalLessons liberalLessons, ScienceLessons scienceLessons) { this.liberalLessons = liberalLessons; this.scienceLessons = scienceLessons; } public void print() { printLiberalLessons(); printScienceLessons(); } private void printLiberalLessons() { String[] lessons = liberalLessons.getLessons(); System.out.println("Liberal Lessons : "); for (int i = 0; i < LiberalLessons.MAX_LESSONS; i++) { System.out.print(lessons[i] + "\t"); } System.out.println(); } private void printScienceLessons() { ArrayList<String> lessons = scienceLessons.getLessons(); System.out.println("Science Lessons : "); for (int i = 0; i < lessons.size(); i++) { System.out.print(lessons.get(i) + "\t"); } System.out.println(); } } public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { LiberalLessons liberalLessons = new LiberalLessons(); ScienceLessons scienceLessons = new ScienceLessons(); PrintHelper printHelper = new PrintHelper(liberalLessons, scienceLessons); printHelper.print(); } }</code></pre> <p>可见,在这里我又多写了一个辅助类 PrintHelper , 这样可以减少主函数中的代码量,我个人不太喜欢在主函数写太多的代码。</p> <p>来看看,由于我们使用了不同的聚合对象,导致我们不得不区别对待,如果有一种方法,能够让我们不管是针对哪种聚合对象都可以进行相同的操作就好了,这正是迭代器应该做的工作。</p> <p>首先,我们看看 java.util.Iterator 接口</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public interface Iterator<E> { boolean hasNext(); E next(); void remove(); }</code></pre> <p>hasNext() 方法返回一个布尔值,让我们知道是否还有更多的元素。</p> <p>next() 方法返回下一个元素的值。</p> <p>remove() 用于删除由 next() 方法返回的最后一项。</p> <p>下面我们就利用 Iterator 对以上代码进行改写。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class LiberalIterator implements Iterator<String> { private String[] lessons; private int position = 0; public LiberalIterator(String[] lessons) { this.lessons = lessons; } @Override public boolean hasNext() { if (position >= lessons.length) { return false; } return true; } @Override public String next() { String lesson = lessons[position]; position += 1; return lesson; } @Override public void remove() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("You can not remove element !"); } }</code></pre> <p>我们针对文科课程类写了一个迭代器,在 remove() 方法中我们抛出了一个异常,表示我们不希望客户端通过迭代器删除元素。实际上我们也只需要写这么一个迭代器类,因为在 ScienceLessons 类中我们使用的是 ArrayList ,它是自带 Iterator 的,我们只需要调用 iterator() 方法即可。</p> <p>接下来,我们就将 LiberalLessons 和 ScienceLessons 中的 getLessons() 方法进行改写,写成 createIterator() 方法。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public Iterator<String> createIterator() { return new LiberalIterator(lessons); } public Iterator<String> createIterator() { return lessons.iterator(); }</code></pre> <p>现在再看看我们的 PrintHelper 该怎么书写代码。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class PrintHelper { private LiberalLessons liberalLessons; private ScienceLessons scienceLessons; public PrintHelper(LiberalLessons liberalLessons, ScienceLessons scienceLessons) { this.liberalLessons = liberalLessons; this.scienceLessons = scienceLessons; } public void print() { System.out.println("Liberal Lessons : "); Iterator<String> liberalIterator = liberalLessons.createIterator(); print(liberalIterator); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Science Lessons : "); Iterator<String> scienceIterator = scienceLessons.createIterator(); print(scienceIterator); System.out.println(); } private void print(Iterator<String> iterator) { while (iterator.hasNext()) { System.out.print(iterator.next() + "\t"); } } }</code></pre> <p>这样的话,我们就可以不必区分聚合对象,只需要根据类中提供的迭代器就可以访问元素,而且这个时候我们也不知道类的内部用的是哪种聚合类型。</p> <p> </p> <p>来自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/3590449fabdf</p> <p> </p>