Android 实现自己的RecyclerView加载更多
fuvk8931
8年前
<p>很多时候,项目中都会有列表加载更多的场景,这次我们让RecyclerView轻松拥有加载更多的功能。虽然已有许多类似的轮子,但有的功能过于复杂,其实很多都用不到,所以不妨打造更适合自己的轮子。</p> <p>我们的RecyclerView加载更多是通过其Adapter子类实现的,接下来我们一步步的构建Adapter吧!</p> <h2><strong>1、编写通用的Adapter、ViewHolder</strong></h2> <p>一般情况下使用Adapter都要为其创建一个ViewHolder,既然要编写通用的Adapter,首先要有一个通用的ViewHolder:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder { private SparseArray<View> mViews; private View mConvertView; private ViewHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); mConvertView = itemView; mViews = new SparseArray<>(); } public static ViewHolder create(Context context, int layoutId, ViewGroup parent) { View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutId, parent, false); return new ViewHolder(itemView); } public static ViewHolder create(View itemView) { return new ViewHolder(itemView); } public <T extends View> T getView(int viewId) { View view = mViews.get(viewId); if (view == null) { view = mConvertView.findViewById(viewId); mViews.put(viewId, view); } return (T) view; } public View getConvertView() { return mConvertView; } public void setText(int viewId, String text) { TextView textView = getView(viewId); textView.setText(text); } .......省略其它辅助方法......... }</code></pre> <p>我们自定义的ViewHolder类可以根据布局文件的id或具体的itemView返回一个ViewHolder对象,并用SparseArray来缓存我们itemView中的子View,避免每次都要去解析子View,同时提供相关辅助方法设置itemView的内容。有了ViewHolder,接下来编写Adapter就简单了:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public abstract class BaseAdapter<T> extends RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerView.ViewHolder> { public static final int TYPE_COMMON_VIEW = 100001; private OnItemClickListeners<T> mItemClickListener; protected Context mContext; protected List<T> mDatas; protected abstract void convert(ViewHolder holder, T data); protected abstract int getItemLayoutId(); public BaseAdapter(Context context, List<T> datas) { mContext = context; mDatas = datas == null ? new ArrayList<T>() : datas; } @Override public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { ViewHolder viewHolder = null; switch (viewType) { case TYPE_COMMON_VIEW: viewHolder = ViewHolder.create(mContext, getItemLayoutId(), parent); break; } return viewHolder; } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position) { switch (holder.getItemViewType()) { case TYPE_COMMON_VIEW: bindCommonItem(holder, position); break; } } private void bindCommonItem(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, final int position) { final ViewHolder viewHolder = (ViewHolder) holder; convert(viewHolder, mDatas.get(position)); viewHolder.getConvertView().setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { mItemClickListener.onItemClick(viewHolder, mDatas.get(position), position); } }); } @Override public int getItemCount() { return mDatas.size(); } @Override public int getItemViewType(int position) { return TYPE_COMMON_VIEW; } public T getItem(int position) { if (mDatas.isEmpty()) { return null; } return mDatas.get(position); } public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListeners<T> itemClickListener) { mItemClickListener = itemClickListener; } }</code></pre> <p>很简单,继承RecyclerView.Adapter,重写相关方法,提供了 getItemLayoutId() 、 convert() 两个抽象方法供BaseAdapter的子类实现,来初始化item的布局id,以及item内容,同时通过 OnItemClickListeners 接口为item绑定点击事件。</p> <p>编写好了Adapter,我们在其构造方法中添加一个参数 isOpenLoadMore ,来表示是否开启加载更多:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public BaseAdapter(Context context, List<T> datas, boolean isOpenLoadMore) { mContext = context; mDatas = datas == null ? new ArrayList<T>() : datas; mOpenLoadMore = isOpenLoadMore; }</code></pre> <p>这样初级版本的Adapter就完成了。</p> <h2><strong>2、添加Footer View</strong></h2> <p>接下来就要添加Footer View,这样才能有加载更多的视觉效果么。其实很简单,如果当前item的position满足如下条件:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private boolean isFooterView(int position) { return mOpenLoadMore && position >= getItemCount() - 1; }</code></pre> <p>即已经开启加载更多、当前position在列表的尾部,则在 getItemViewType() 返回</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public int getItemViewType(int position) { if (isFooterView(position)) { return TYPE_FOOTER_VIEW; } }</code></pre> <p>之后会创建Footer View对应的ViewHolder:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { ViewHolder viewHolder = null; switch (viewType) { case TYPE_FOOTER_VIEW: if (mFooterLayout == null) { mFooterLayout = new RelativeLayout(mContext); } viewHolder = ViewHolder.create(mFooterLayout); break; } return viewHolder; }</code></pre> <p>可以看到 mFooterLayout 是一个空的Container,因为要根据加载更多对应的状态来更新 mFooterLayout ,这个稍后再说。</p> <p>这样Footer View就添加完了吗?当然没有,我们需要针对StaggeredGridLayoutManager、GridLayoutManager模式分别重写 onViewAttachedToWindow() 、 onAttachedToRecyclerView() 方法,否则会出现Footer View不能在列表底部占据一行的问题:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public void onViewAttachedToWindow(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder) { super.onViewAttachedToWindow(holder); if (isFooterView(holder.getLayoutPosition())) { ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = holder.itemView.getLayoutParams(); if (lp != null && lp instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager.LayoutParams) { StaggeredGridLayoutManager.LayoutParams p = (StaggeredGridLayoutManager.LayoutParams) lp; p.setFullSpan(true); } } } @Override public void onAttachedToRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) { super.onAttachedToRecyclerView(recyclerView); final RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager = recyclerView.getLayoutManager(); if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager) { final GridLayoutManager gridManager = ((GridLayoutManager) layoutManager); gridManager.setSpanSizeLookup(new GridLayoutManager.SpanSizeLookup() { @Override public int getSpanSize(int position) { if (isFooterView(position)) { return gridManager.getSpanCount(); } return 1; } }); } }</code></pre> <p>到此无论是那种形式的列表都能正常添加Footer View了。</p> <h2><strong>3、判断列表是否滚动到了底部</strong></h2> <p>按照常理,只有滑动到列表的底部才会触发加载更多的操作,之前提到了 onAttachedToRecyclerView() 方法,通过该方法可以得到Adapter所绑定的RecyclerView,这样就能监听RecyclerView的滚动事件,进而判断列表是否滚动了底部:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void startLoadMore(RecyclerView recyclerView, final RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager) { if (!mOpenLoadMore || mLoadMoreListener == null) { return; } recyclerView.addOnScrollListener(new RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() { @Override public void onScrollStateChanged(RecyclerView recyclerView, int newState) { super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState); if (newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) { if (!isAutoLoadMore && findLastVisibleItemPosition(layoutManager) + 1 == getItemCount()) { scrollLoadMore(); } } } @Override public void onScrolled(RecyclerView recyclerView, int dx, int dy) { super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy); if (isAutoLoadMore && findLastVisibleItemPosition(layoutManager) + 1 == getItemCount()) { scrollLoadMore(); } else if (isAutoLoadMore) { isAutoLoadMore = false; } } }); }</code></pre> <p>我们单独封装了 startLoadMore() 方法,当列表滚动状态改变会回调 onScrollStateChanged() 方法,如果状态为 <strong>SCROLL_STATE_IDLE</strong> ,并且当前可见的item位置为列表最后一项,则开始加载更多数据。这里还重写了 onScrolled() 方法,当列表滚动结束后会回调,重写该方法有什么用呢?如果初始item不满一屏幕,则可在该方法中加载更多数据,直到item占满一屏幕,也就自动加载更多。我们用 isAutoLoadMore 来区分这种情况,如果 isAutoLoadMore 为true,则Footer View可见则自动加载更多。</p> <p>再看一下 scrollLoadMore() 方法:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void scrollLoadMore() { if (mFooterLayout.getChildAt(0) == mLoadingView) { mLoadMoreListener.onLoadMore(false); } }</code></pre> <p>如果当前的Footer View 是正在加载的状态,则调用 OnLoadMoreListener 接口的 onLoadMore() 方法进行具体的加载操作,该方法有一个boolean类型的参数,表示是否重新加载,因为存在加载失败的情况,这样可方便使用。</p> <h2><strong>4、更新Footer View布局样式</strong></h2> <p>到这里,我们已经明确了加载更多操作的触发时机,接下来就是在加载更多的时候来更新Footer View,我们定义了三种状态: <strong>加载中、加载失败、加载结束</strong> ,通过如下方法将对应状态的View或布局id添加到Footer View中:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void setLoadingView(int loadingId) { setLoadingView(Util.inflate(mContext, loadingId)); } public void setLoadFailedView(int loadFailedId) { setLoadFailedView(Util.inflate(mContext, loadFailedId)); } public void setLoadEndView(int loadEndId) { setLoadEndView(Util.inflate(mContext, loadEndId)); }</code></pre> <p>这三个方法时是通过布局id来给Footer View设置新样式,当然还有通过View来设置的重载方法。在初始化Adapter时可以调用 setLoadingView() 来设置加载中的Footer View样式,如果加载失败了可调用 setLoadFailedView() 、如果加载结束没有更多数据则可以调用 setLoadEndView() 设对应的布局样式。其实就是先移除 mFooterLayout 的子View,然后将新的布局添加进去。</p> <h2><strong>5、添加EmptyView</strong></h2> <p>考虑一种情况,如果初始化时,需要先从网络请求数据,然后再更新列表,则一般需要有一个加载提示,所以我们有必要将这个小功能也封装到Adapter中,这样就省去了修改界面布局或者手动显示、隐藏加载提示的步骤。</p> <p>实现也很简单,先看如下代码:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public int getItemCount() { if (mDatas.isEmpty() && mEmptyView != null) { return 1; } }</code></pre> <p>如果mData为空,且设置了EmptyView则 getItemCount() 直接返回1。同理返回的item类型为 <strong>TYPE_EMPTY_VIEW</strong> ,代表EmptyView:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public int getItemViewType(int position) { if (mDatas.isEmpty() && mEmptyView != null) { return TYPE_EMPTY_VIEW; } }</code></pre> <p>在 onCreateViewHolder() 方法中会创建对应的ViewHolder。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { ViewHolder viewHolder = null; switch (viewType) { case TYPE_EMPTY_VIEW: viewHolder = ViewHolder.create(mEmptyView); break; } return viewHolder; }</code></pre> <p>同时提供方法在初始化Adapter时设置EmptyView:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void setEmptyView(View emptyView) { mEmptyView = emptyView; }</code></pre> <h2><strong>6、具体使用</strong></h2> <p>完成了封装,来看看具体的使用,首先创建一个 RefreshAdapter 继承我们的BaseAdapter:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class RefreshAdapter extends BaseAdapter<String> { public RefreshAdapter(Context context, List<String> datas, boolean isLoadMore) { super(context, datas, isLoadMore); } @Override protected void convert(ViewHolder holder, final String data) { holder.setText(R.id.item_title, data); holder.setOnClickListener(R.id.item_btn, new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Toast.makeText(mContext, "我是" + data + "的button", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } @Override protected int getItemLayoutId() { return R.layout.item_layout; } }</code></pre> <p>在 getItemLayoutId() 中返回item布局id,在 convert() 中初始化item的内容。有了RefreshAdapter,接下来看Activity的操作:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recyclerview); //初始化adapter mAdapter = new RefreshAdapter(this, null, true); //初始化EmptyView View emptyView = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.empty_layout, (ViewGroup) mRecyclerView.getParent(), false); mAdapter.setEmptyView(emptyView); //初始化 开始加载更多的loading View mAdapter.setLoadingView(R.layout.load_loading_layout); //设置加载更多触发的事件监听 mAdapter.setOnLoadMoreListener(new OnLoadMoreListener() { @Override public void onLoadMore(boolean isReload) { loadMore(); } }); //设置item点击事件监听 mAdapter.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListeners<String>() { @Override public void onItemClick(ViewHolder viewHolder, String data, int position) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this); layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL); mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager); mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter); //延时3s刷新列表 new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { List<String> data = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { data.add("item--" + i); } //刷新数据 mAdapter.setNewData(data); } }, 3000); }</code></pre> <p>注释已经很详细了,就不多说了。其中 loadMore() 方法如下:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void loadMore() { new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (mAdapter.getItemCount() > 15 && isFailed) { isFailed = false; //加载失败,更新footer view提示 mAdapter.setLoadFailedView(R.layout.load_failed_layout); } else if (mAdapter.getItemCount() > 17) { //加载完成,更新footer view提示 mAdapter.setLoadEndView(R.layout.load_end_layout); } else { final List<String> data = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { data.add("item--" + (mAdapter.getItemCount() + i - 1)); } //刷新数据 mAdapter.setLoadMoreData(data); } } }, 2000); }</code></pre> <p>就是延时2s更新列表数据,同时人为模拟加载失败和结束的情况。</p> <h2><strong>7、效果</strong></h2> <p>运行后,看具体的效果:</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/62af42736ed4e598f27490f77c24630e.gif"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">EmptyView</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/dba8188e58968456ad5c4a3d0c2caab8.gif"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">loading</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/3f41f654f58d42893f6a76edf12b8eb6.gif"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">load_failed</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/5fcf35a6693c9f7bb50ca14e1e78c61f.gif"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">load_end</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/25f74f3ac35df217223c545c136920ee.gif"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">auto_load</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>来自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/66c065874848</p> <p> </p>