解读Python发送邮件

jopen 9年前

解读Python发送邮件

Python发送邮件需要smtplib和email两个模块。也正是由于我们在实际工作中可以导入这些模块,才使得处理工作中的任务变得更加的简单。今天,就来好好学习一下使用Python发送邮件吧。

SMTP是发送邮件的协议,Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块,email负责构造邮件,smtplib负责发送邮件。

1.邮件正文是文本的格式

 1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-   2    3 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart   4 from email.mime.text import MIMEText   5 import smtplib   6 import sys   7 import csv   8 import xlrd   9 from pyExcelerator import *  10 import os  11 import xlwt  12 from xlutils.copy import copy  13 import pyExcelerator  14 import datetime  15 import time  16   17 reload(sys)  18 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")  19   20 mailto_list = [""]  # 邮件接收方的邮件地址  21 mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"    # 邮件传送协议服务器  22 mail_user = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号  23 mail_pass = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码  24   25 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):  26     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"  27     msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')  28     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题  29     msg['From'] = me  30     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)  31     try:  32         server = smtplib.SMTP()  33         server.connect(mail_host)  34         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)  35         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())  36         server.close()  37         return True  38     except Exception, e:  39         print str(e)  40         return False  41   42 if __name__ == '__main__':  43     sub = "天才白痴梦"  44     content = '...'  45     if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, content):  46         print "发送成功"  47     else:  48         print "发送失败"

2.邮件正文是表格的格式:由于是表格,所以我们选择HTML来实现表格的功能,邮件上面显示的就是HTML实现的内容了。

 1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-   2    3 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart   4 from email.mime.text import MIMEText   5 import smtplib   6 import sys   7 import csv   8 import xlrd   9 from pyExcelerator import *  10 import os  11 import xlwt  12 from xlutils.copy import copy  13 import pyExcelerator  14 import datetime  15 import time  16   17 reload(sys)  18 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")  19   20 mailto_list = [""]  # 邮件接收方的邮件地址  21 mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"    # 邮件传送协议服务器  22 mail_user = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号  23 mail_pass = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码  24   25 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):  26     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"  27     # 和上面的代码不同的就是,这里我们选择的是html 的格式  28     msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='html', _charset='utf-8')  29     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题  30     msg['From'] = me  31     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)  32     try:  33         server = smtplib.SMTP()  34         server.connect(mail_host)  35         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)  36         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())  37         server.close()  38         return True  39     except Exception, e:  40         print str(e)  41         return False  42   43 if __name__ == '__main__':  44     sub = "天才白痴梦"  45     html = '<html></html>'  46     if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html):  47         print "发送成功"  48     else:  49         print "发送失败"

3.邮件正文是图片的格式:要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中,我们只需按照发送附件的方式,先把邮件作为附件添加进去,然后,在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片,给它们依次编号,然后引用不同的cid:x即可。

 1 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):   2     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"   3    4     msg = MIMEMultipart()   5     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题   6     msg['From'] = me   7     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)   8    9     txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8')  10     msg.attach(txt)  11   12     # <b>:黑体  <i>:斜体  13     msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img alt="" src="cid:image1" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8')  14     msg.attach(msgText)  15   16     file1 = "F:\\1.jpg"  17     image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read())  18     image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')  19     msg.attach(image)  20   21     try:  22         server = smtplib.SMTP()  23         server.connect(mail_host)  24         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)  25         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())  26         server.close()  27         return True  28     except Exception, e:  29         print str(e)  30         return False  31   32 if __name__ == '__main__':  33     sub = "天才白痴梦"  34     html = '<html></html>'  35     if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html):  36         print "发送成功"  37     else:  38         print "发送失败"

4.发送邮件附件:邮件附件是图片

 1 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):   2     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"   3    4     msg = MIMEMultipart()   5     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题   6     msg['From'] = me   7     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)   8    9     txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8')  10     msg.attach(txt)  11   12     # # <b>:黑体  <i>:斜体  13     # msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img alt="" src="cid:image1" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8')  14     # msg.attach(msgText)  15     #  16     # file1 = "F:\\1.jpg"  17     # image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read())  18     # image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')  19     # msg.attach(image)  20   21     att = MIMEText(open('F:\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')  22     att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'  23     att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'  24     msg.attach(att)  25   26     try:  27         server = smtplib.SMTP()  28         server.connect(mail_host)  29         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)  30         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())  31         server.close()  32         return True  33     except Exception, e:  34         print str(e)  35         return False

5.发送群邮件:同时发送给多人

1 mailto_list = [""]  # 邮件接收方的邮件地址

上面这一行代码是邮件接收方的邮件地址,如果我们需要给多人发送邮件的话,就只需要把对方的邮件帐号绑在这一个列表里就ok了。

加密SMTP

使用标准的25端口连接SMTP服务器时,使用的是明文传输,发送邮件的整个过程可能会被窃听。要更安全地发送邮件,可以加密SMTP会话,实际上就是先创建SSL安全连接,然后再使用SMTP协议发送邮件。

方法:只需要在创建SMTP对象后,立刻调用starttls()方法,就创建了安全连接。

1 smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'  2 smtp_port = 25    # 默认端口号为25  3 server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)  4 server.starttls()  5 # 剩下的代码和前面的一模一样:  6 server.set_debuglevel(1)     # 打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息

来自: http://www.cnblogs.com/BaiYiShaoNian/p/5117723.html