Android 传感器开发

jopen 10年前

现在的智能手机都配备了各种各样的传感器,本文将介绍Android SDK提供的传感器开发接口,并通过简单实例展示如何使用这些接口。

 

Andriod SDK传感器相关类

android SDK提供的与传感器相关的类有(位于android.hardware包):

Sensor: 表示传感器的类,它保存有传感器名称,厂商,版本,精确度等信息;

SensorEvent:表示传感器事件,它可以保存传感器的值,传感器类型,时间戳等信息;

SensorEventListener:用于接收传感器来自SensorManager的通知,当传感器发生变化时,它包含两个回调函数。

SensorManager:SensorManager让你可以访问设备(手机)的全部传感器。lets you access the device's sensors.
可通过以android.content.Context.SENSOR_SERVICE为参数调用Context.getSystemService()获取一个该类的实例。
注意应当始终保证在不需要使用传感器的时候禁用传感器,特别是当你的activity暂停的时候。没有这样做将会导致电池只能使用很少几个小时。记住,系统不会在屏幕关闭的时候自动禁用传感器。

SensorListener:已废除,不再介绍。

 

SensorEvent API 定义的坐标系统

Android的SensorEvent API定义的坐标系统是:X轴水平向右,Y轴垂直向上,Z轴沿屏幕向外。在这个坐标系统里,屏幕后面的Z值为负。如下图所示:


20140918194332484.png

下面介绍Android Sensor相关API如何使用。

Demo

来自doc的demo

SensorManager的doc里给出了一个简单的demo:

    public class SensorActivity extends Activity, implements SensorEventListener {            private final SensorManager mSensorManager;            private final Sensor mAccelerometer;                    public SensorActivity() {                mSensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);                mAccelerometer = mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);            }                    protected void onResume() {                super.onResume();                mSensorManager.registerListener(this, mAccelerometer, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);            }                    protected void onPause() {                super.onPause();                mSensorManager.unregisterListener(this);            }                    public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {            }                    public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {            }        }  
</div> </div> 这个demo虽短,但已经给出了一个传感器开发的基本框架,并且在Activity暂停的时禁用了对应的传感器(按照官方的说法可以省电)。

另一个demo——SensorTest

下面是一个传感器测试demo,可以测试你android手机支持那些传感器,并能实时显示传感器的值。

布局文件如下:

</div> </div>
    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"            xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"            android:layout_width="match_parent"            android:layout_height="match_parent"            android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"            android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"            android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"            android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"            tools:context="com.example.sensortest.MainActivity" >                    <Button                android:id="@+id/btnNext"                android:layout_width="wrap_content"                android:layout_height="wrap_content"                android:text="Next" />                    <Button                android:id="@+id/btnPause"                android:layout_width="wrap_content"                android:layout_height="wrap_content"                android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/btnNext"                android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/btnNext"                android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnNext"                android:text="Pause" />                    <TextView                android:id="@+id/txtInfo"                android:layout_width="wrap_content"                android:layout_height="wrap_content"                android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/btnNext"                android:layout_below="@+id/btnNext"                android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"                android:layout_marginTop="18dp"                android:text="Sensor Informations" />                    <TextView                android:id="@+id/txtDetails"                android:layout_width="wrap_content"                android:layout_height="wrap_content"                android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/txtInfo"                android:layout_below="@+id/txtInfo"                android:layout_marginTop="14dp"                android:text="Sensor Values" />                </RelativeLayout>  




Activity代码如下:

</div> </div>
    package com.example.sensortest;                import java.util.List;        import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;                import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;        import android.hardware.Sensor;        import android.hardware.SensorEvent;        import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;        import android.hardware.SensorManager;        import android.os.Bundle;        import android.util.Log;        import android.view.Menu;        import android.view.MenuItem;        import android.view.View;        import android.widget.Button;        import android.widget.TextView;                public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {            private final String TAG = "SensorTest";                    SensorManager sensorManager;            SensorEventListener listener;                        List<Sensor> allSensors;            volatile int currentIndex = -1;                    Button btnNext;            Button btnPause;                    TextView txtInfo;            TextView txtValues;                    AtomicInteger showDetail = new AtomicInteger(1);                    private void init() {                sensorManager = (SensorManager) getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);                allSensors = sensorManager.getSensorList(Sensor.TYPE_ALL);                initViews();                initSensorsListener();            }                    private void initViews() {                btnNext = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNext);                btnPause = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnPause);                        txtInfo = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtInfo);                txtValues = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtDetails);                        btnNext.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(View v) {                        currentIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % allSensors.size();                        Sensor sensor = allSensors.get(currentIndex);                        int type = sensor.getType();                        txtInfo.setText(String.format("%d: %s, %s", currentIndex + 1,                                sensorTypeToString(sensor.getType()), sensor.toString()));                        Log.d(TAG,                                String.format("%d: %s, %s", currentIndex + 1,                                        sensorTypeToString(sensor.getType()),                                        sensor.toString()));                    }                });                        btnPause.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(View v) {                        showDetail.incrementAndGet();                        Log.d(TAG, "showDetails: " + showDetail + ", idx: " + currentIndex);                        if(showDetail.get() % 2 == 1) {                            btnPause.setText("Pause");                        }                        else {                            btnPause.setText("Start");                        }                    }                });            }                    private void initSensorsListener() {                if (allSensors.size() > 0) {                    listener = new SensorEventListener() {                        long lastTime = System.currentTimeMillis();                        long time;                                @Override                        public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {                            time = System.currentTimeMillis();                            if (showDetail.get() % 2 == 1)                             {                                Sensor sensor = event.sensor;                                if(currentIndex >= 0                                 && sensor.getType() == allSensors.get(currentIndex).getType()) {                                    StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();        //                          for (int i=0; i<event.values.length; i++) {        //                              float value = event.values[i];                                    for (float value : event.values) {                                        str.append(value + "\n");                                    }                                    txtValues.setText(str);                                                                        if (time - lastTime > 1000)                                    { // true ||                                                Log.d(TAG, "type: " + sensorTypeToString( event.sensor.getType() )                                                + ", values: " + str.toString()                                                 + ", time: " + time);                                            }                                }                            }                            lastTime = time;                        }                                @Override                        public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {                            Log.d(TAG, "onAccuracyChanged sensor: " + sensor                                    + ", accracy: " + accuracy);                        }                    };                                        for (Sensor sensor : allSensors) {                        sensorManager.registerListener(listener, sensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);                    }                }            }                    String sensorTypeToString(int type) {                String res = null;                switch (type) {                case Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER:                    res = "ACCELEROMETER";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE:                    res = "AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR:                    res = "GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_GEOMAGNETIC_ROTATION_VECTOR:                    res = "GEOMAGNETIC_ROTATION_VECTOR";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_GRAVITY:                    res = "GRAVITY";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_GYROSCOPE:                    res = "GYROSCOPE";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED:                    res = "GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_HEART_RATE:                    res = "HEART_RATE";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_LIGHT:                    res = "LIGHT";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION:                    res = "LINEAR_ACCELERATION";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:                    res = "MAGNETIC_FIELD";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED:                    res = "MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_ORIENTATION:                    res = "ORIENTATION";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_PRESSURE:                    res = "PRESSURE";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_PROXIMITY:                    res = "PROXIMITY";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY:                    res = "HUMIDITY";                    break;                case Sensor.TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR:                    res = "ROTATION_VECTOR";                    break;                default:                    res = "UNKNOW";                    break;                }                return res;            }                    @Override            protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);                setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);                init();            }                        protected void onResume() {                super.onResume();                for (Sensor sensor : allSensors) {                    sensorManager.registerListener(listener, sensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);                }            }                    protected void onPause() {                super.onPause();                for (Sensor sensor : allSensors) {                    sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener, sensor);                }            }                       @Override            public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {                // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.                getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);                return true;            }                    @Override            public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {                // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will                // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long                // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.                int id = item.getItemId();                if (id == R.id.action_settings) {                    return true;                }                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);            }        }  

 

实际运行效果图如下:

20140918202523020.png

来自:http://blog.csdn.net/xusiwei1236/article/details/39376655