Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

fmms 13年前

大家都知道windows phone值允许一个第三方的应用程序在前台运行，所以应用程序就不能在后台从服务器上取数据。所以微软提供推送通知服务给第三方应用程序取得更新通知的消息，让用户觉得这个程序运行在后台。

熟悉C/S架构、B/S架构的朋友都知道，C/S架构中客户端到服务器的消息传输可以是双向的，客户端即可以主动从服务器获取消息，也可以被动接受来自服务器通知。而B/S架构浏览器只能主动从服务器获取消息，也就是说如果浏览器没有请求，服务器是不可能传输数据给客户端的。由此看来 windows phone是C/S模式，同时微软不允许手机被动接收服务器的消息，但是这样无法实现服务器通知。WP提供了一种代理的机制来实现服务器通知，这就是推送通知。

过去移动应用程序需要经常主动去调查其相应的Web服务，以了解是否有任何等待处理的通知。这样做虽然有效，但是会导致手机的无线设备频繁打开，从而对电池续航时间带来负面影响．使用推送通知的方式取代主动调查，web service能够提醒应用程序获取所需要的重要更新。

1、推送消息的过程

推送通知是一种云服务器代理，服务器不能直接向手机客户端发送消息，必须通过云服务器代理发送。

步骤如下：

(1)Window Phone客户端应用程序请求与微软推送通知服务(Microsoft Push Notification Services)建立通道连接，微软推送通知服务(Microsoft Push Notification Services)使用通道URI响应。

(2)Window Phone客户端应用程序向监视服务(Web Service或者Cloud Application)发送包含推送通知服务通道URI以及负载的消息。

(3)当监视服务检测到信息更改时（如航班取消、航班延期或天气警报），它会向微软推送通知服务(Microsoft Push Notification Services)发送消息。

(4)微软推送通知服务(Microsoft Push Notification Services)将消息中继到Windows Phone设备，由Window Phone客户端应用程序处理收到的消息。

(5)需要时WP设备往Cloud服务读取更多的数据

Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

当一个Web service有信息要发送到应用程序，它先发送一个通知到Push Notification Service，该服务随后将通知路由到应用程序。根据推送通知的格式和装载量，信息作为原始数据传递到应用程序，应用程序的标题明显地更新或显示一个Toast通知。然后如果需要的话应用程序可以使用自己的协议联系web service以获取更新。

Push Notification Service在推送通知发送后向你的web service发送一个回复码．然而，Push Notification Service不能为你的推送提醒是否成功传递到应用程序提供端到端的确认。

另外一种图解如下：

(1)客户端从推送云服务（MPNS)获取通知URI，提交给自己的第三方服务器。

Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

(2)自己的第三方服务器的通过URI提交通知给推送云服务（MPNS)，推送云服务（MPNS)推送通知到手机。

Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

2、消息类型

(1)Raw Notification

可以发送任何格式的数据，格式可以任意设定;
应该程序可以根据需要加工数据;
应用程序相关（application-specific)的通知消息;
只有在应用程序运行时，才发送.如果当前没有运行您的应用程序，Raw通知将被微软推通知服务丢弃，不会传递到Windows Phone设备。

(2)Toast Notification

发送的数据为指定的xml格式；
如果应用程序正在运行，内容发送到应用程序中；
如果应用程序不在运行，弹出Tost消息框显示消息；

a.App图标加上两个文本描述:标题与副标题，标题为粗体字显示的字符串，副标题为非粗体字显示的字符串；

b.打断用户当前的操作，但是是临时的，且不破坏用户的工作流，十秒钟后自动消失；

c.用户可以点击进行跟踪。

Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

(3)Tile Notification

发送的数据为指定的XML格式;
不会往应用程序进行发送;
如果用户把应用程序pin to start，那么更新数据发送到start screen的tile里面。

   a.包含三个属性，背景(background)、标题(title)和计算器(count)；
   b.每个属性都有固定的格式与位置；
   c.可以使用其中的属性，不一定三个属性一起使用。

Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

例子，有点长哈：

用一个WebForm作为服务器端：

Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

Form1.cs

private void SendButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)          {              string msg = String.Format("{0}{1}, {2}度", LocationComboBox.Text,WeatherComboBox.Text, TemperatureTextBox.Text);              string type = NotificationTypeComboBox.Text as string;              if (type == "Raw")              {                  byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(msg);                  SendRawNotification(strBytes);              }              else if (type == "Toast")              {                  string toastMessage = "" +                          "" +                             "" +                                "天气更新" +                                "" + msg + "" +                             "" +                          "";                  byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(toastMessage);                  SendToastNotification(strBytes);              }              else if (type == "Tile")              {                  string tileMessage = "" +                      "" +                         "" +                            "/Images/" + WeatherComboBox.Text + ".png" +                            "" + TemperatureTextBox.Text + "" +                            "" + LocationComboBox.Text + "" +                         " " +                      "";                  byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(tileMessage);                  SendTileNotification(strBytes);              }          }            private void SendTileNotification(byte[] Payload)          {              // The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.              HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);                // HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.              sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;                // The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the               // same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.              sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();                // Sets toast notification              sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";              sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "token");              sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "1");              // Possible batching interval values:              // 1: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.              // 11: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.              // 21: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.                // Sets the web request content length.              sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = Payload.Length;                // Sets the notification payload to send.              byte[] notificationMessage = Payload;                // Sends the notification.              using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())              {                  requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);              }                // Gets the response.              HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();              string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];              string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];              string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];              MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",                  notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);          }            private void SendToastNotification(byte[] Payload)          {              // The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.              HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);                // HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.              sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;                // The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the               // same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.              sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();                // Sets toast notification              sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";              sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "toast");              sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "2");              // Possible batching interval values:              // 2: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.              // 12: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.              // 22: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.                // Sets the web request content length.              sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = Payload.Length;                // Sets the notification payload to send.              byte[] notificationMessage = Payload;                // Sends the notification.              using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())              {                  requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);              }                // Gets the response.              HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();              string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];              string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];              string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];              MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",                  notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);          }            private void SendRawNotification(byte[] Payload)          {              // The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.              HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);                // HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.              sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;                // The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the               // same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.              sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();                // Sets raw notification              sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";              sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "3");              // Possible batching interval values:              // 3: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.              // 13: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.              // 23: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.                // Sets the web request content length.              sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = Payload.Length;                // Sets the notification payload to send.              byte[] notificationMessage = Payload;                // Sends the notification.              using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())              {                  requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);              }                // Gets the response.              HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();              string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];              string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];              string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];              MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);          }

windows phone端

Windows Phone 7 学习笔记 - 推送通知服务

MainPages.xaml.cs

private HttpNotificationChannel httpChannel;          private const string channelName = "Channel1";

private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)          {              httpChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName);                //Delete the Channel if exists              if (httpChannel != null)              {                  httpChannel.Close();                    httpChannel.Dispose();              }                //Create the channel              httpChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName, "NotificationService");                //Register to UriUpdated event - occurs when channel successfully opens              httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler(httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);                //general error handling for push channel              httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler(httpChannel_ErrorOccurred);                //Subscribed to Raw Notification              httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler(httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived);                            //Open the channel              httpChannel.Open();                //subscrive to toast notification when running app                  httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler(httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived);                //subscrive to toast notification              httpChannel.BindToShellToast();                //subscrive to tile notification              httpChannel.BindToShellTile();          }            void httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived(object sender, NotificationEventArgs e)          {              string msg = "";              foreach (var key in e.Collection.Keys)              {                  msg += key + ": " + e.Collection[key] + Environment.NewLine;              }              Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>                {                  MsgTextBlock.Text = msg;              });          }            void httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived(object sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e)          {              using (var reader = new StreamReader(e.Notification.Body))              {                  string msg = reader.ReadToEnd();                  Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>                  {                      MsgTextBlock.Text = msg;                  });              }          }            void httpChannel_ErrorOccurred(object sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e)          {              Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>              {                  MsgTextBlock.Text = e.Message;              });          }            void httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)          {              Debug.WriteLine("ChannelUri: {0}", e.ChannelUri);          }

3、不使用推送通知定时更新Tile

(1)定时自动更新Tile
(2)支持Update一次或者多次
(3)只支持网络图片，图片小雨80k，而且最多使用15秒钟下载
(4)最短间隔为1小时

4、使用规范

(1)当前版本的Window Phone只支持最多15个第三方应用程序使用推送通知服务
(2)询问用户是否使用推送通知服务
(3)为用户提供取消订阅的选项

参考链接：How to: Send a Push Notification for Windows Phone

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff402545(VS.92).aspx

How to: Receive Push Notifications in an Application for Windows Phone

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ff402556%28v=VS.92%29.aspx

推送通知服务

http://www.cnblogs.com/dnso/articles/1961814.html

Windows Phone 7编程实践—推送通知_剖析推送通知实现架构

http://www.cnblogs.com/xuesong/archive/2011/04/08/2008987.html