Windows Phone 7 - 推送通知服务
openkk
13年前
<p>Windows Phone 中的 Microsoft Push Notification Service 向第三方开发人员提供了一个弹性，专注，而且持续的渠道，使得开发人员可以从Web Service 向移动应用程序发送信息和更新。</p> <p>过去移动应用程序需要经常主动访问相应的WEB服务，以了解是否有任何等待处理的通知。这样做是有效的，但会导航手机无线设备频繁打开，从而对 电池续航时间或者用户的流量带来负面 影响。使用推送通知的方式取代主动调查，Web Service 能够提醒应用程序获取所需要的重要理更新。</p> <p>当一个Web Service 有信息要发送到应用程序，它先发送一个通知到Push Notification Service ，该服务随后将通知应用程序，应用程序的标题明显地更新或者显示一个Toast 通知。然后，如果需要的话，应用程序可以使用自己的的协议联系Web service 以获取更新。</p> <p>关于推送通知服务，看了Jake Lin 的视频他说的“好莱坞原则”己经说得很清楚了，不过我自己从现实中的淘宝购物也产生了一定的理解，下面跟大家分享一下，给出图示：</p> <p><img style="width:693px;height:438px;" alt="Windows Phone 7 - 推送通知服务" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/eee612bb6ffa34ef971edb2bf72f4209.png" /></p> <p>如上图，我们可以把推送通知理解成，一部手机就相当于我们一个用 户，在淘宝注册了帐号并填写了送货地址（URI），在购买完自己需要的物品后，通知淘宝商家发货了，这时淘宝商家接收到我们给出的URI，就把货品打包， 可以使用万能打包把什么东西都放进去（Raw）或者根据我们的要求要打包成礼品的样子(Tokens或者Toast 需要的XML格式 )，之后通知快递公司（<span style="color:#ff0000;">微</span><span style="color:#ff0000;">软</span><span style="color:red;">--》不同的是，微软是免费的帮我们快递 </span><span style="color:#000000;">） 。而当我们收到快递公司给予我们的通知后，如打电话说：“先生，你的货品己经到达，请接收”，之后我们就根据打包方式进行接收啦。</span></p> <p><span style="color:#000000;">大意的理解是这样的。</span></p> <h2><span style="color:#000000;">Push notification 发送方式</span></h2> <p><span style="color:#000000;">如上一段文字出现了几个英文单词就是Push notification 的三种发送方式，分别为：</span></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#000000;">Raw Notification<br /> 1.可以发送任何格式的数据<br /> 2.应用程序可以根据需要加工数据<br /> 3.应用程序相关（application-specific）通知消息<br /> 4.只有在应用程序运行时，才发送。</span></li> <li><span style="color:#000000;">Toast Notification<br /> 1.发送的数据为指定的XML 格式<br /> 2.如果应用程序正在运行，内容发送到应用程序中<br /> 3.如果应用程序没有运行，弹出Toast 消息框显示消息<br /> 3.1App 图标加上两个描述文本<br /> 3.2打断用户当前操作，但是是临时的<br /> 3.3用户可以点击进行跟踪</span></li> <li><span style="color:#000000;">Tokens (Tile) Notification<br /> 1.发送的数据为指定的XML格式<br /> 2.不会往应用程序进行发送<br /> 3.如果用户把应用程序PIN TO START ，那么更新数据发送到start screen 的tile 里面<br /> 3.1包含三个属性，背景，标题和计算器<br /> 3.2每个属性都有固定的格式与位置<br /> 3.3可以使用其中的属性，不一定三个属性一起使用</span></li> </ul> <p> </p> <h2><span style="color:#000000;">Push Notification使用规范</span></h2> <ul> <li>当前版本的Windows Phone 只支持最多15 个第三方应用程序使用推送服务通知服务</li> <li>应用程序必须内置询问用户是否使用推送通知服务的功能</li> <li>应用程序必须内置用户可以取消推送通知服务的功能</li> </ul> <h2>Demo 演示</h2> <p>关于Push Notification 的事件为如下：</p> <p></p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"> //注册URI httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler <notificationchannelurieventargs> (httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated); //发生错误的事件 httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler <notificationchannelerroreventargs> (httpChannel_ErrorOccurred); //Raw 推送通知服务事件 httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler <httpnotificationeventargs> (httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived); //toast 推送通知服务事件 httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler <notificationeventargs> (httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived); </notificationeventargs> </httpnotificationeventargs> </notificationchannelerroreventargs> </notificationchannelurieventargs></pre> <p></p> <p>我们可以在需要注册的地方使用，Windows Phone 的大致使用代码为如下：</p> <p></p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using Microsoft.Phone.Controls; ///引用通知服务命名空间 using Microsoft.Phone.Notification; using System.Diagnostics; using System.IO; namespace PushNotificationDemo { public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage { private HttpNotificationChannel httpChannel; private const string channelName = "Channel"; // Constructor public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); } private void linkButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { httpChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName); //如果存在就删除 if (httpChannel!=null) { httpChannel.Close(); httpChannel.Dispose(); } httpChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName, "NotificationServer"); //注册URI httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler <notificationchannelurieventargs> (httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated); //发生错误的事件 httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler <notificationchannelerroreventargs> (httpChannel_ErrorOccurred); //Raw 推送通知服务事件 httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler <httpnotificationeventargs> (httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived); //toast 推送通知服务事件 httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler <notificationeventargs> (httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived); //打开连接 httpChannel.Open(); //绑定toast 推送服务 httpChannel.BindToShellToast(); //绑定Tokens (tile) 推送服务 httpChannel.BindToShellTile(); } void httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived(object sender, NotificationEventArgs e) { string msg = string.Empty; foreach (var key in e.Collection.Keys) { msg += key + " : " + e.Collection[key] + Environment.NewLine; } Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { msgTextBlock.Text = msg; }); } void httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived(object sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e) { //Raw 支持任意格式数据 using (var reader=new StreamReader(e.Notification.Body)) { string msg = reader.ReadToEnd(); Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { msgTextBlock.Text = msg; }); } } void httpChannel_ErrorOccurred(object sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e) { //子线程中更新UI Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { msgTextBlock.Text = e.Message; } ); } void httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e) { Debug.WriteLine("CahnnelUri:{0}",e.ChannelUri); Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { linkButton.IsEnabled = false; }); } } } </notificationeventargs> </httpnotificationeventargs> </notificationchannelerroreventargs> </notificationchannelurieventargs></pre> <p></p> <p>之后，我们新建一个Windows Form 应用程序，做为Cloud server 。</p> <p>首先，新建一个枚举，创建三个枚举项为如下：</p> <p></p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"> public enum notificationType { raw, toast, tokens }</pre> <p></p> <p>然后编写发送通知服务通用方法体：</p> <p></p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">void sendNotificationType(byte[] payLoad,notificationType type) { // The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel. HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text); // HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification. sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post; // The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the // same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID. sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); if (type==notificationType.raw) { // Sets raw notification sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8"; sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "3"); // Possible batching interval values: // 3: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately. // 13: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds. // 23: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds. } else if (type == notificationType.tokens) { // Sets toast notification sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8"; sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "token"); sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "1"); // Possible batching interval values: // 1: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately. // 11: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds. // 21: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds. } else if (type==notificationType.toast) { // Sets toast notification sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8"; sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "toast"); sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "2"); // Possible batching interval values: // 2: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately. // 12: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds. // 22: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds. } // Sets the web request content length. sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = payLoad.Length; // Sets the notification payload to send. byte[] notificationMessage = payLoad; // Sends the notification. using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream()) { requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length); } // Gets the response. HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse(); string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"]; string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"]; string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"]; MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}", notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus); }</pre> <p></p> <p>设置点击后，请求微软做推送服务：</p> <p></p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string msg = String.Format("{0}{1}, {2}度", LocationComboBox.Text, WeatherComboBox.Text, TemperatureTextBox.Text); string type = NotificationTypeComboBox.Text as string; if (type == "Raw") { byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(msg); sendNotificationType(strBytes,notificationType.raw); } else if (type == "Toast") { string toastMessage = " <!--?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?-->" + " <!--?xml:namespace prefix = wp /--> <wp:notification wpnotification\??="" xmlns:wp="\"> " + " <wp:toast> " + " <wp:text1> 天气更新 </wp:text1>" + " <wp:text2> " + msg + " </wp:text2>" + " </wp:toast>" + " </wp:notification>"; byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(toastMessage); sendNotificationType(strBytes,notificationType.toast); } else if (type == "Tile") { string tileMessage = " <!--?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?-->" + " <wp:notification wpnotification\??="" xmlns:wp="\"> " + " <wp:tile> " + " <wp:backgroundimage> /Images/" + WeatherComboBox.Text + ".png </wp:backgroundimage>" + " <wp:count> " + TemperatureTextBox.Text + " </wp:count>" + " <wp:title> " + LocationComboBox.Text + " </wp:title>" + " </wp:tile> " + " </wp:notification>"; byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(tileMessage); sendNotificationType(strBytes, notificationType.tokens); } }</pre> <p></p> <p>注：本篇URI是通过打印得到。然后赋值给Windows Form 应用程序，如下图：</p> <p><img alt="Windows Phone 7 - 推送通知服务" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/338c278e1a51b59c10cb08a51c7015c0.png" width="575" height="185" /></p> <p>例子运行效果如下图：</p> <p><img alt="Windows Phone 7 - 推送通知服务" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/ae0f2203b9b6f96bae282ec944610ece.png" width="485" height="626" /></p> <p>上图为Raw notification运行效果</p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="Windows Phone 7 - 推送通知服务" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/fb3fa88cad25bcb8e1fce5fb0b57195c.png" width="431" height="650" /></p> <p>运行时的Toast</p> <p><img alt="Windows Phone 7 - 推送通知服务" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/6453939b7b43557c91c77659b31beba9.png" width="382" height="228" /></p> <p>不运行时的Taost</p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="Windows Phone 7 - 推送通知服务" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/12d25278953205a9f70da6cbb0111ce7.png" width="340" height="268" /></p> <p>Tokens 运行效果</p> <p> </p> <p>源码下载：</p> <p><a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500055507879949" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">推送通知服务</a></p>