撼动IT界的10大编程语言

     <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:黑体;"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">导读：</span></strong></span><span style="font-family:黑体;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">开发者是否真的还需要一种新的编程语言呢？选择已经有那么多了，现有的语言都让开发者应接不暇，可是各种新的编程语言还是在以惊人的速度产生！答案就是随着多核CPU、云计算、移动及分布式结构的不断发展，简单的语法已经不能适用，我们需要更加强大的语言！而以下10种编程语言，或正在走向成熟，或还在开发，可是它们都以全新的视角演绎着软件开发的艺术，每一种语言，都有可能打开编程世界的新大门！</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325050073969699" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Dart</span></a></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">JavaScript<span style="font-family:宋体;">在Web的交互性方面运用得很好，但是当Web应用程序的代码行过多时，它的弱点就会显现出来，因此，G</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">oogle推出了</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">新的结构化Web编程语言</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Dart用以替代<span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">JavaScript。</span></span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">与<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">JavaScript</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">标准的语法不同的是，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Dart</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是通过类和接口来定义对象，并且允许编程者自由地定义静态变量，这使得</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Dart</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">既能如</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">JavaScript</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">般流畅，又能更快更容易地存储且不易受干扰。此外，CSDN软件研发频道之前编译的<a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325050877814083" target="_blank">Dart比JavaScript更酷的10个理由</a></span></span>会让你了解到更多Dart的便捷性。</p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325051673898973" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ceylon</span></a></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Gavin King 称Ceylon是由</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">红帽公司开发，</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">被称之为“</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325052468340516" target="_blank">Java </a></span><span style="font-family:宋体;"><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325052468340516" target="_blank">杀手</a>”。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">King是一名<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Java爱好者，</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">他认为J</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ava还</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有很大的改进空间。比如，缺少优秀的高阶函数，对元编程薄弱的支持，缺乏对结构数据定义的说明等等，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ceylon</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">就是为了解决这些问题而产生的。现在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ceylon</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">编译器已经支持在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">JVM</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">上运行输出字符串，当然</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ceylon</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的目标不只这些，它的目标是开发出新的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ceylon SDK</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">来代替</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Java SDK</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">       </span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958195656479419554" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Go</span></a></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">Go<span style="font-family:宋体;">是一门从应用程序开发到系统编程都通用的程序设计语言。从某种程度上来说，它更像是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">或者</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C++</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，但又像</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Java、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C#</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">一样有垃圾回收机制，运行时间映射及并行支持诸如此类的先进特点。同时，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Go</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">很容易编写，它像</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">却又没有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的冗长古板。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Go开发</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">团队想开发出一种愉快的编程语言，身为动态脚本语言又兼具编译语言的特性。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">不过，<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Go</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">目前还是在继续开发中，对于它的应用规则也随时可能改变。此外，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Google</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">已经开发出相应的工具和编译器。</span></span> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325054726003686" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">F#</span></a></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">虽然函数式程序设计在计算机科学家及学术界里很流行，但是纯函数式语言却很难跟现实世界的软件开发相结合。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">微软开发的<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">F#</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是包含函数式和实际应用的优秀语言，它和其他</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">CLR</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">（公共语言运行库）语言使用相同的函数库和特点。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">不过<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">F#</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有自己的更有趣的语法特点，如丰富的数据类型会做科学的分类，还提供了一些设计有助于异步</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">I/O、CPU</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并行化、卸载</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">GPU</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的处理等。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">现在微软已经在<a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325055515025422" target="_blank">基于<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Apache</span></a><span style="font-family:宋体;"><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325055515025422" target="_blank">开源许可证</a>下开发了</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">F#</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">编译器及核函数库，大家可以免费使用，甚至可运行在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">MAC</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Linux</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">系统上。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.5</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Opa</span></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">Opa<span style="font-family:宋体;">提出了一项<a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325057067053634" target="_blank">崭新的Web编程规范</a>，而这或将一举消灭其他大部分的编程语言。在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Opa</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">应用程序中，客户端的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">UI</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、服务器端的逻辑，以及数据库中的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">I/O都</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">可以用简单的编程语言</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Opa</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">执行。它将客户端和服务端的结构框架绑定在一起。当然，这还需要后台特殊技术的支持。</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Opa</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的运行环境是绑定了它的Web服务器和数据库管理系统，其中任一部分都不能随意取代。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">现在，<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Opa</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">对</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">64</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">位的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Linux</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Mac OSX</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">平台是开源，以后会有更多的接口来使用。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.6</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325057864002127" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fantom</span></a></span></strong><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325057864002127" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></a></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">Fantom<span style="font-family:宋体;">是专门为跨平台的移植而设计的。</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fantom</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">不仅包含了可以在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">JVM</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">或者</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">.NET CLI</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">中运行的编译器，也包括了一系列从J</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ava</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">.NET API</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">中抽象出来的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">API</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，从而创建了一个额外的可移植层。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">现在有更多的计划要把<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fantom </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">这种移植性蔓延开。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">不过可移植性并不是<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fantom</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">存在的唯一原因。它在继承一些像</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">这样的特性时，也提高了支持其它语言的质量。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">Fantom<span style="font-family:宋体;">在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Academic</span> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">3.0</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">下开源，支持在W</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">indows</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和U</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">nix</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">平台上使用。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.7</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325059385611941" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Zimbu</span></a></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">作为<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bram Moolenaar</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的产物，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Zimbu</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">吸收了以前各种语言的特点，目标是成为一种快速、简洁、轻便、易读、可适用于从</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">GUI</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">应用程序到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">OS</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内核的语言。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">由于<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Zimbu具备多种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">特性，而语法本身是独一无二的。它不仅有着像</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">一样的表达式和运算符，也有自己的关键字、数据类型和分程序结构。此外，还支持内存管理、线程。良好的</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">可移植性也是<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Zimbu</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的一个重要的特性。虽然</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Zimbu</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是编译语言，但是它输出的是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ANSI C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">代码。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">不幸的，<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Zimbu</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">现还处于初期阶段。但是如果你有兴趣体验的话，一些基本的工具在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Apache </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">许可下已经可以使用了。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> No.8</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325060179318134" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">X10</span></a></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">并行处理已经成为了软件开发的趋势。因此，<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">IBM</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">研究院开发了</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">X10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">来顺应这种趋势，希望提高开发者</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">倍的效率。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">X10<span style="font-family:宋体;">使用全局地址空间分区（</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">PGAS</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">）的编程模式来进行并行管理。代码和数据以单位的形式被分开存储，这有利于在处理器上高性能的将单线程转为多线程。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">将来<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">X10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">还会实现跟</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Java</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的交互使用。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">现在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">X10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">还在改善当中，但是已经相当成熟了，在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Linux、Mac OS X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">及</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Windows</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">等多种平台上都可以使用。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><strong><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.9</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325060965774137" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">haXe</span></a></strong></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">haXe<span style="font-family:宋体;">不仅是一门便捷的语言，更是在不同的操作环境间使用的跨平台语言，从N</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ative binaries</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">到解释器再到虚拟机。开发者可以在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">haXe</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">里编写代码，然后将它们编译成目标代码。</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">haXe</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">标准库是这门核心语言的坚实后盾，它能在每个目标上分别运行，然后再使用特殊目标库，从而来体现每个平台的不同之处。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">haXe<span style="font-family:宋体;">有一系列优点，而它最主要的优势莫过于将目标平台上所固有的问题给否定掉。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">虽然<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">haXe现在还</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">仍处于开发阶段，但它的开发者已经将其用到商业上和游戏工作室</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Motion Twin</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。在开源许可证下，它可适用于</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;">Linux，Mac OS X</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">及</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5pt;">Windows</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">：</span><a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325061750013141" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Chapel</span></a></span></strong></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">Chapel<span style="font-family:宋体;">作为</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Cray</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的第一门独创性的编程语言，是为超级计算和集群而设计的。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">Chapel<span style="font-family:宋体;">的语法吸收多方的精华，除了通常的语言（</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">C，C++，JAVA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">），</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">它还从科学程序设计语言中借鉴概念，它的并行处理的特点则是受</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ZPL</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">及高性能的程式语言的影响。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;">Chapel<span style="font-family:宋体;">一个最吸引人的特点是支持“多重解析编程”。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Chapel的</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">开发还在继续。现在，它可以在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Cray</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的超级计算机和多数高性能的集群上使用，但它对大部分类似</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Unix</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">系统来说也是相当便捷的。源代码在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">BSD</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">开源许可下可使用。</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">那么，这些新语言中您关注过或用过的有多少呢？</span></span></p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"> </p>    <p style="text-align:left;line-height:25px;background-color:#f8fafd;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14px;" class="p0"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5pt;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">文章出自：<a style="color:#015fb6;text-decoration:none;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4958325062562731751" target="_blank">infoworld</a></span></span></p> 本文转载自: CSDN