“Github”里的“hub”改用Go语言开发
jopen 10年前
刚刚过去的2014年是Go语言重要的一年，不仅版本升级到了1.4，而且Go语言的集成开发环境LiteIDE也发布了x26，还在云计算方便吸引力不是的注意力。虽然有很多程序员不喜欢Go语言，但每种语言都有直接的缺点和优点，这是很正常的事情。最重要的是取之长、补己短。最近github宣布使用Go1.4重新开发了hub命令，就是要利用Go语言的长处。
Github是世界上最大的代码托管服务，它是在于最近几年迅速超过了SoruceForge，很大程度上得益于Linux创始人Linus的影响力，和Git中去中心化的思想。相信很多人都使用过git和github，但估计很少人知道这个等式：git + hub = github，hub是一个用来封装git的工具，为其扩展更多的功能和特性，是GitHub运行起来更加快捷方便。
$ hub clone rtomayko/tilt # expands to: $ git clone git://github.com/rtomayko/tilt.git
hub命令的最佳使用方法是当作git的别名，这样，当你输入$ git <command>时，你不仅能获得git的所有功能，而且能增添很多附加特性。设置别名的方法是在你的.bash_profile文件放置下一行代码:
eval "$(hub alias -s)"
从2.2.0版本开始，hub开始改用Go语言开发，主要原因是Go语言的高效。要想从源代码安装hub2.x版本，你需要有一个Go语言开发环境，版本要在1.4以上：
$ git clone https://github.com/github/hub.git $ cd hub $ ./script/build $ cp hub YOUR_BIN_PATH
hub2.x版本将对1.x版本保持最大的兼容。下面我里看一下hub命令提供了哪些额外的强大功能。
(下面这些代码中假设你已经做了git别名设置)
git clone
$ git clone schacon/ticgit > git clone git://github.com/schacon/ticgit.git $ git clone -p schacon/ticgit > git clone git@github.com:schacon/ticgit.git $ git clone resque > git clone git@github.com/YOUR_USER/resque.git
git remote add
$ git remote add rtomayko > git remote add rtomayko git://github.com/rtomayko/CURRENT_REPO.git $ git remote add -p rtomayko > git remote add rtomayko git@github.com:rtomayko/CURRENT_REPO.git $ git remote add origin > git remote add origin git://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO.git
git fetch
$ git fetch mislav > git remote add mislav git://github.com/mislav/REPO.git > git fetch mislav $ git fetch mislav,xoebus > git remote add mislav ... > git remote add xoebus ... > git fetch --multiple mislav xoebus
git cherry-pick
$ git cherry-pick http://github.com/mislav/REPO/commit/SHA > git remote add -f mislav git://github.com/mislav/REPO.git > git cherry-pick SHA $ git cherry-pick mislav@SHA > git remote add -f mislav git://github.com/mislav/CURRENT_REPO.git > git cherry-pick SHA $ git cherry-pick mislav@SHA > git fetch mislav > git cherry-pick SHA
git am, git apply
$ git am https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/55 [ downloads patch via API ] > git am /tmp/55.patch $ git am --ignore-whitespace https://github.com/davidbalbert/hub/commit/fdb9921 [ downloads patch via API ] > git am --ignore-whitespace /tmp/fdb9921.patch $ git apply https://gist.github.com/8da7fb575debd88c54cf [ downloads patch via API ] > git apply /tmp/gist-8da7fb575debd88c54cf.txt
git fork
$ git fork [ repo forked on GitHub ] > git remote add -f YOUR_USER git@github.com:YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO.git
git pull-request
# while on a topic branch called "feature": $ git pull-request [ opens text editor to edit title & body for the request ] [ opened pull request on GitHub for "YOUR_USER:feature" ] # explicit title, pull base & head: $ git pull-request -m "Implemented feature X" -b defunkt:master -h mislav:feature
git checkout
$ git checkout https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/73 > git remote add -f -t feature mislav git://github.com/mislav/hub.git > git checkout --track -B mislav-feature mislav/feature $ git checkout https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/73 custom-branch-name
git merge
$ git merge https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/73 > git fetch git://github.com/mislav/hub.git +refs/heads/feature:refs/remotes/mislav/feature > git merge mislav/feature --no-ff -m 'Merge pull request #73 from mislav/feature...'
git create
$ git create [ repo created on GitHub ] > git remote add origin git@github.com:YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO.git # with description: $ git create -d 'It shall be mine, all mine!' $ git create recipes [ repo created on GitHub ] > git remote add origin git@github.com:YOUR_USER/recipes.git $ git create sinatra/recipes [ repo created in GitHub organization ] > git remote add origin git@github.com:sinatra/recipes.git
git init
$ git init -g > git init > git remote add origin git@github.com:YOUR_USER/REPO.git
git push
$ git push origin,staging,qa bert_timeout > git push origin bert_timeout > git push staging bert_timeout > git push qa bert_timeout
git browse
$ git browse > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO $ git browse -- commit/SHA > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO/commit/SHA $ git browse -- issues > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO/issues $ git browse -- issues/10 > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO/issues/10 $ git browse schacon/ticgit > open https://github.com/schacon/ticgit $ git browse schacon/ticgit commit/SHA > open https://github.com/schacon/ticgit/commit/SHA $ git browse resque > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/resque $ git browse resque network > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/resque/network
git compare
$ git compare refactor > open https://github.com/CURRENT_REPO/compare/refactor $ git compare 1.0..1.1 > open https://github.com/CURRENT_REPO/compare/1.0...1.1 $ git compare -u fix > (https://github.com/CURRENT_REPO/compare/fix) $ git compare other-user patch > open https://github.com/other-user/REPO/compare/patch
git submodule
$ git submodule add wycats/bundler vendor/bundler > git submodule add git://github.com/wycats/bundler.git vendor/bundler $ git submodule add -p wycats/bundler vendor/bundler > git submodule add git@github.com:wycats/bundler.git vendor/bundler $ git submodule add -b ryppl --name pip ryppl/pip vendor/pip > git submodule add -b ryppl --name pip git://github.com/ryppl/pip.git vendor/pip
git ci-status
$ git ci-status [commit] > (prints CI state of commit and exits with appropriate code) > One of: success (0), error (1), failure (1), pending (2), no status (3)
git help
$ git help > (improved git help) $ git help hub > (hub man page)
(程序师网原创，CC licensed)