MySQL 5.7原生JSON格式支持
cc68 9年前
MySQL 5.7原生JSON格式支持:
mysql> create table user ( uid int auto_increment, -> data json,primary key(uid))engine=innodb; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into user values (NULL, -> '{"name":"David","mail":"jiangchengyao@gmail.com","address":"Shangahai"}'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into user values (NULL,'{"name":"Amy","mail":"amy@gmail.com"}'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 可以看到我们新建了表user，并且将列data定义为了JSON类型。这意味着我们可以对插入的数据做JSON格式检查，确保其符合JSON格式的约束，如插入一条不合法的JSON数据会报如下错误：
mysql> insert into user values (NULL,"test");
ERROR 3130 (22032): Invalid JSON text: "Invalid value" at position 2 in value (or column) 'test'.
此外，正如前面所说的，MySQL 5.7提供了一系列函数来高效地处理JSON字符，而不是需要遍历所有字符来查找，这不得不说是对MariaDB dynamic column的巨大改进：
mysql> select jsn_extract(data, '$.name'),jsn_extract(data,'$.address') from user; +-----------------------------+-------------------------------+ | jsn_extract(data, '$.name') | jsn_extract(data,'$.address') | +-----------------------------+-------------------------------+ | "David" | "Shangahai" | | "Amy" | NULL | +-----------------------------+-------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
当然，最令人的激动的功能应该是MySQL 5.7的虚拟列功能，通过传统的B+树索引即可实现对JSON格式部分属性的快速查询。使用方法是首先创建该虚拟列，然后在该虚拟列上创建索引：
mysql> ALTER TABLE user ADD user_name varchar(128) -> GENERATED ALWAYS AS (jsn_extract(data,'$.name')) VIRTUAL; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select user_name from user; +-----------+ | user_name | +-----------+ | "Amy" | | "David" | +-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table user add index idx_username (user_name); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
然后可以通过添加的索引对用户名进行快速的查询，这和普通类型的列查询一样。而通过explain可以验证优化器已经选择了在虚拟列上创建的新索引：
mysql> explain select from user where user_name='"Amy"'\G
** 1. row ***
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: user
partitions: NULL
type: ref
possible_keys: idx_username
key: idx_username
key_len: 131
ref: const
rows: 1
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
可以发现MySQL 5.7对于JSON格式堪称完美
摘自：http://www.innomysql.net/article/15319.html