使用 PHP 7 给 Web 应用加速
jopen 9年前
PHP 20周年了!??
PHP 首发通告,1995年6月8日
发布于 COMP.INFOSYSTEMS.WWW.AUTHORING.CGI
主题:正式宣布:个人主页工具(Personal Home Page Tools) 正式宣布个人主页工具(PHP 工具)1.0 版本 此工具是一组用 C 语言写的轻量的 cgi 二进制文件。他们能运行许多功能,包括: - 在你的私有日志文件记录页面访问情况 - 实时查看日志信息 - 提供查看日志信息的友好接口 - 在你的页面展示最近一次的访问信息 - 完整的每天及总体访问统计 - 依据用户的域名限制其访问 - 依据用户的域名为页面提供密码保护 - 依据用户的电子邮箱地址追踪其访问情况 - 支持追踪引荐 URL 的 HTTP_REFERER - 无需服务器支持即可运行 SSI (server-side includes) - 支持不记录特定域名(比如,你自己的)的访问信息 - 轻易地创建并展示表格 - 支持在后续的文档中使用表格信息 使用该工具,你不需要: - 你不需要访问根目录——工具安装在 ~/public_html 目录 - 你不需要在服务器启用 SSI (server-side includes) - 你不需要使用 Perl 或 Tcl 或其他任何脚本解释器 - 你不需要访问 httpd 日志文件 使用该工具的唯一条件是你能够运行自己的 cgi 程序。如果你不知道这是什么意思,可以询问系统管理员。 借助该工具,你还可以在两分钟内实现留言板,或其他任何用于写入信息并向访客展示的表格。 该工具不受版权限制,遵循 GNU 公共许可证。是的!该工具完全免费! 查看该工具的完整演示,请访问:http://www.io.org/~rasmus。 -- Rasmus Lerdorf rasmus@io.org http://www.io.org/~rasmus
用于 Web 应用的 C API
void Cos(void) { Stack *s; char temp[64]; s = Pop(); if(!s) { Error("Stack error in cos"); return; } sprintf(temp,"%f",cos(s->douval)); Push(temp,DNUMBER); }
于是乎,你可以这样使用它:
<html><head><title>Cos Example</title></head> <body><h1>Cos Example</h1> <?echo Cos($input)> </body></html>
PHP7
✔ 引擎提升
- 现实世界中的大多数应用程序都能获得 100% 以上的性能提升
- 内存使用量更低
- 原生线程本地储存
✔ 持久的以文件为基础的二级缓存 OPCache
; --enable-opcache-file ; php.ini opcache.file_cache=/var/tmp ; php-cli.ini opcache.enable_cli=1 opcache.file_cache=/var/tmp opcache.file_cache_only=1
$ time composer >/dev/null real 0m0.040s user 0m0.032s sys 0m0.004s $ time composer >/dev/null real 0m0.019s user 0m0.016s sys 0m0.000s $ time php -d opcache.enable=0 /usr/local/bin/composer >/dev/null real 0m0.033s user 0m0.032s sys 0m0.000s
/var/tmp ├── 7eeb6fe88104116c27c5650ddd83abf0 │ └── usr │ └── local │ └── bin │ └── composer.bin └── 7eeb6fe88104116c27c5650ddd83abf0phar: └── usr └── local └── bin └── composer ├── bin │ └── composer.bin ├── src │ ├── bootstrap.php.bin │ └── Composer │ ├── Command │ │ ├── AboutCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── ArchiveCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── ClearCacheCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── Command.php.bin │ │ ├── ConfigCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── CreateProjectCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── DependsCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── DiagnoseCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── DumpAutoloadCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── GlobalCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── Helper │ │ │ └── DialogHelper.php.bin │ │ ├── HomeCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── InitCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── InstallCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── LicensesCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── RemoveCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── RequireCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── RunScriptCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── SearchCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── SelfUpdateCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── ShowCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── StatusCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── UpdateCommand.php.bin │ │ └── ValidateCommand.php.bin │ ├── Composer.php.bin │ ├── Console │ │ └── Application.php.bin │ ├── Factory.php.bin │ ├── IO │ │ ├── BaseIO.php.bin │ │ ├── ConsoleIO.php.bin │ │ └── IOInterface.php.bin │ ├── Package │ │ ├── BasePackage.php.bin │ │ └── PackageInterface.php.bin │ ├── Script │ │ └── ScriptEvents.php.bin │ └── Util │ └── ErrorHandler.php.bin └── vendor ├── autoload.php.bin ├── composer │ ├── autoload_classmap.php.bin │ ├── autoload_namespaces.php.bin │ ├── autoload_psr4.php.bin │ ├── autoload_real.php.bin │ └── ClassLoader.php.bin └── symfony └── console └── Symfony └── Component └── Console ├── Application.php.bin ├── Command │ ├── Command.php.bin │ ├── HelpCommand.php.bin │ └── ListCommand.php.bin ├── Descriptor │ ├── ApplicationDescription.php.bin │ ├── DescriptorInterface.php.bin │ ├── Descriptor.php.bin │ ├── JsonDescriptor.php.bin │ ├── MarkdownDescriptor.php.bin │ ├── TextDescriptor.php.bin │ └── XmlDescriptor.php.bin ├── Formatter │ ├── OutputFormatterInterface.php.bin │ ├── OutputFormatter.php.bin │ ├── OutputFormatterStyleInterface.php.bin │ ├── OutputFormatterStyle.php.bin │ └── OutputFormatterStyleStack.php.bin ├── Helper │ ├── DebugFormatterHelper.php.bin │ ├── DescriptorHelper.php.bin │ ├── DialogHelper.php.bin │ ├── FormatterHelper.php.bin │ ├── HelperInterface.php.bin │ ├── Helper.php.bin │ ├── HelperSet.php.bin │ ├── InputAwareHelper.php.bin │ ├── ProcessHelper.php.bin │ ├── ProgressHelper.php.bin │ ├── QuestionHelper.php.bin │ ├── TableHelper.php.bin │ ├── Table.php.bin │ └── TableStyle.php.bin ├── Input │ ├── ArgvInput.php.bin │ ├── ArrayInput.php.bin │ ├── InputArgument.php.bin │ ├── InputAwareInterface.php.bin │ ├── InputDefinition.php.bin │ ├── InputInterface.php.bin │ ├── InputOption.php.bin │ └── Input.php.bin └── Output ├── ConsoleOutputInterface.php.bin ├── ConsoleOutput.php.bin ├── NullOutput.php.bin ├── OutputInterface.php.bin ├── Output.php.bin └── StreamOutput.php.bin 32 级目录, 87 个文件
✔ 抽象语法树!!
echo substr("abc", [1,2]);
% phan -a test.php AST_STMT_LIST @ 1 0: AST_STMT_LIST @ 2 0: AST_ECHO @ 2 0: AST_CALL @ 2 0: AST_NAME @ 2 flags: NAME_NOT_FQ (1) 0: "substr" 1: AST_ARG_LIST @ 2 0: "abc" 1: AST_ARRAY @ 2 0: AST_ARRAY_ELEM @ 2 flags: 0 0: 1 1: null 1: AST_ARRAY_ELEM @ 2 flags: 0 0: 2 1: null
% phan -a test.php test.php:2 TypeError arg#2(start) is int[] but substr() takes int
✔ 返回类型
function get_config(): array { return 42; } get_config(); // 可捕获的致命错误:get_config() 的返回值必须是数组类型,此处返回了整数。
✔ 强制标量类型
function logmsg(string $msg, int $level, float $severity) { var_dump($msg); // string(1) "1" var_dump($level); // int(2) var_dump($severity); // float(3) } logmsg(1, "2.5", 3);
✔ 严格标量类型
declare(strict_types=1); logmsg(1, "2.5", 3);
致命错误:传给 logmsg() 的首个参数必须是字符串类型,此处是整型。
✔ 匿名类
return new class($controller) implements Page { public function __construct($controller) { /* ... */ } /* ... */ }; class MyObject extends MyStuff { public function getInterface() { return new class implements MyInterface { /* ... */ }; } }
✔ Null 合并操作符
$a = NULL; $b = 1; $c = 2; echo $a ?? $b; // 1 echo $c ?? $b; // 2 echo $a ?? $b ?? $c; // 1 echo $a ?? $x ?? $c; // 2
✔ 飞船操作符 (Spaceship Operator)
|=| Tie Fighter k=k Tie Interceptor <==> Tie Bomber <=> Tie Advanced X1 ✔
function cmp_php5($a, $b) { return ($a < $b) ? -1 : (($a >$b) ? 1 : 0); } function cmp_php7($a, $b) { return $a <=> $b; }
✔ 致命错误中的特例
function call_method($obj) { $obj->method(); } call_method(null); // 致命错误:非对象调用了成员函数 method()
try { call_method(null); } catch (EngineException $e) { echo "Exception: {$e->getMessage()}\n"; } // Exception: Call to a member function method() on a non-object //特例:非对象调用了成员函数 method()
✔ 零成本断言
function test($arg) { assert($arg > 20 && $arg < 110, "$arg is invalid"); } ini_set('zend.assertions',0); test(16); ini_set('zend.assertions',1); test(17); ini_set('assert.exception',1); test(18);
Warning: assert(): 17 is invalid failed in /home/rasmus/assert.php on line 3 Fatal error: Uncaught AssertionError: 18 is invalid in /home/rasmus/assert.php:3 Stack trace: #0 /home/rasmus/assert.php(3): assert(false, '18 is invalid') #1 /home/rasmus/assert.php(13): test(18) #2 {main} thrown in /home/rasmus/assert.php on line 3
; Completely skip compiling assert() calls ; (can only be set in php.ini) zend.assertions = -1
✔ 新增 Closure::call()
$f = function () { return $this->n; }; class MyClass { private $n = 42; } $myC = new MyClass; $c = $f->bindTo($myC, "MyClass"); $c();
$f = function () { return $this->n; }; class MyClass { private $n = 42; } $myC = new MyClass; $f->call($myC);
✔ 移除诸多弃用功能
(PHP 4 代码将会崩溃!)
- ext/ereg (use ext/pcre instead) - preg_replace() eval modifier (use preg_replace_callback() instead) - ext/mysql (use ext/mysqli or ext/pdo_mysql instead) - Assignment of new by reference - Scoped calls of non-static methods from incompatible $this context - dl() in php-fpm - set_magic_quotes_runtime() and magic_quotes_runtime() - set_socket_blocking() (use stream_set_blocking() instead) - mcrypt_generic_end() (use mcrypt_generic_deinit() instead) - mcrypt_ecb, mcrypt_cbc, mcrypt_cfb and mcrypt_ofb (use mcrypt_encrypt() and mcrypt_decrypt() instead) - datefmt_set_timezone_id() and IntlDateFormatter::setTimeZoneID() (use datefmt_set_timezone() or IntlDateFormatter::setTimeZone() instead) - xsl.security_prefs (use XsltProcessor::setSecurityPrefs() instead) - iconv.input_encoding, iconv.output_encoding, iconv.internal_encoding, mbstring.http_input, mbstring.http_output and mbstring.internal_encoding (use php.input_encoding, php.internal_encoding and php.output_encoding instead) - $is_dst parameter of the mktime() and gmmktime() functions - # style comments in ini files (use ; style comments instead) - String category names in setlocale() (use LC_* constants instead) - Unsafe curl file uploads (use CurlFile instead) - PDO::PGSQL_ATTR_DISABLE_NATIVE_PREPARED_STATEMENT driver option (use PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES instead) - CN_match and SNI_server_name stream context option (use peer_name instead)
✔ 新的保留字:
- bool
- int
- float
- string
- null
- false
- true
- resource
- object
- mixed
- numeric
✔ Windows 系统下支持64位整数
✔ 清除边缘情况下整型溢出/下溢、
✔ 在64位版本中支持长度大于 2^31 字节的字符串
✔ 无效数值型解析错误
$mask = 0855; // 解析错误:无效的数值型
✔ 统一变量语法
// 从左到右 $this->$belongs_to['column'] // 从右到左 $this->{$belongs_to['column']} // 支持缺失的操作组合 $foo()['bar']() [$obj1, $obj2][0]->prop getStr(){0} // 支持嵌套的 :: $foo['bar']::$baz $foo::$bar::$baz $foo->bar()::baz() // 支持嵌套的 () foo()() $foo->bar()() Foo::bar()() $foo()() // 支持对任意(...)表达式的操作 (...)['foo'] (...)->foo (...)->foo() (...)::$foo (...)::foo() (...)() // 针对上一点,两个更加实用的例子 (function() { ... })() ($obj->closure)() // 支持对 dereferencable 标量的所有操作 // (用处不是很大) "string"->toLower() [$obj, 'method']() 'Foo'::$bar
echo preg_replace('/:-:(.*?):-:/e', '$this->pres->\\1', $text);
echo preg_replace_callback( '/:-:(.*?):-:/', function($matches) { return $this->pres->$matches[1]; // Oops! }, $text);
% phan -b display.php Files scanned: 1 Time: 0.13s Classes: 8 Methods: 55 Functions: 5 Closures: 5 Traits: 0 Conditionals: 307 Issues found: 1 display.php:416 CompatError expression may not be PHP 7 compatible
echo preg_replace_callback( '/:-:(.*?):-:/', function($matches) { return $this->pres->{$matches[1]}; // Ok }, $text);
✔ Unicode 码点转义语法
echo "\u{202E}Right-to-left text"; echo "\u{1F602}";
Right-to-left text��
✔ ICU IntlChar 类加入 intl 扩展
通用版本预计在2015年10月发布
针对 Wordpress-3.6.0 首页100次请求的耗时与机器指令数量
- zval 的大小从24字节减小到16字节
- 哈希表大小从72字节减小到56字节
- 哈希表 bucket 大小从72字节减小到32字节
- 定长数组优化
$a = []; for($i=0; $i < 100000;$i++) $a[] = ['abc']; echo memory_get_usage(true); // PHP 5.x 43M // PHP 7.0 6M
- CPU 缓存更大更友好
- 与 jemalloc 相似的内存分配器
- 更快的哈希表迭代 API
- 数组复制优化
- 默认启用 PCRE JIT
- 快速的 ZPP (ZendParseParameters) 执行
- 更快的栈分配 zvals(而不是堆)
- 优化的 VM 调用
- gcc 4.8+ 中的全局寄存器变量
- 加上数百处微优化
运行时编译执行(JIT)?
谎话,弥天大谎,还有基准测试
测试箱规格
- Gigabyte Z87X-UD3H i7-4771 4 cores @ 3.50GHz w/ 16G of Ram @ 1600MHz
- 启用超线程的八个虚拟核
- Toshiba THNSNHH256GBST SSD
- Linux debian 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt9-2 (2015-04-13) x86_64 GNU/Linux
- MySQL 5.6.24
- 如无特别指出,所有测试使用 nginx-1.6.2 + php-fpm
- 本地 100Mbps 网络连接
- 对独立机器进行围攻基准测试(siege benchmark)
所有 PHP 版本均在本地使用 gcc-4.9.2 -O2 编译
配置标志
./configure --disable-debug --with-apxs2=/usr/bin/apxs2 \ --enable-zend-signals --with-gd \ --without-pear --with-jpeg-dir=/usr \ --with-png-dir=/usr --with-vpx-dir=/usr \ --with-t1lib=/usr --with-freetype-dir=/usr \ --enable-exif --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-zlib --with-mysql=/usr \ --with-gmp --with-zlib-dir=/usr \ --with-gettext --with-kerberos \ --with-imap-ssl --with-mcrypt=/usr/local \ --with-iconv --enable-sockets \ --with-openssl --with-pspell \ --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --enable-soap --enable-xmlreader \ --enable-phar=shared --with-xsl \ --enable-ftp --enable-cgi \ --with-curl=/usr --with-tidy \ --with-xmlrpc --enable-mbstring \ --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm \ --enable-shmop --with-readline \ --enable-pcntl --enable-fpm \ --enable-intl --enable-zip \ --with-imap --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --enable-calendar --prefix=/usr/local \ --with-mysql-sock=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock \ --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php7/conf.d \ --with-config-file-path=/etc/php7
php.ini
[PHP] zend.multibyte=On date.timezone="America/Los_Angeles" display_startup_errors=On zend.enable_gc=Off include_path="/usr/local/lib/php" default_charset="UTF-8" error_reporting=-1 variables_order=GPCS sendmail_path="" max_execution_time=60 memory_limit=512M post_max_size=1024M cgi.force_redirect=0 cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 magic_quotes=0 magic_quotes_gpc=0 user_ini.filename= realpath_cache_size=2M cgi.check_shebang_line=0 max_input_vars=1000 max_file_uploads=50 zend_extension=opcache.so opcache.enable=1 opcache.memory_consumption=256 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8 opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000 opcache.revalidate_freq=60 opcache.fast_shutdown=1 opcache.enable_cli=1
php-fpm.d/www.conf
[www] user = www-data group = www-data listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock listen.owner = www-data listen.group = www-data listen.mode = 0660 pm = static pm.max_children = 10 pm.status_path = /status ping.path = /ping ping.response = pong
nginx.conf
user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; } http { sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; }
php.conf
location ~ \.php { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_keep_conn on; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm.sock; }
hhvm.conf
location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_keep_conn on; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/hhvm/server.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; }
sites-enabled/wordpress
server { listen 80; server_name wordpress; root /var/www/wordpress; access_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress-access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress-error.log; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; autoindex on; } location ~ /\. { return 403; } include backend.conf; }
HipHop VM 3.7.0 (rel) from http://dl.hhvm.com/ubuntu
server.ini
pid = /var/run/hhvm/pid hhvm.server.file_socket = /var/run/hhvm/server.sock hhvm.server.type = fastcgi hhvm.server.default_document = index.php hhvm.log.use_log_file = true hhvm.log.file = /var/log/hhvm/error.log hhvm.repo.central.path = /var/run/hhvm/hhvm.hhbc
php.ini
session.save_handler = files session.save_path = /var/lib/php5 session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 hhvm.log.level = Warning hhvm.log.always_log_unhandled_exceptions = true hhvm.log.runtime_error_reporting_level = 8191 hhvm.mysql.typed_results = false
Drupal 8-git
Wordpress-4.1.1
http://wordpress/?p=1
GCC 反馈制导优化(Feedback-Directed Optimization, FDO)
$ make clean $ make -j8 prof-gen ... $ sapi/cgi/php-cgi -T 1000 /var/www/wordpress/index.php > /dev/null $ make prof-clean $ make -j8 prof-use
Wordpress-4.1.1
http://wordpress/?p=1
phpBB 3.1.3
http://phpbb/viewforum.php?f=2
MediaWiki 1.24.1
默认首页
Opencart 2.0.2.0
默认安装下的首页
WardrobeCMS 1.2.0
包含一篇短文的首页
Geeklog 2.1.0
默认首页
Magento-1.9.1.1
http://magento/index.php/sale.html (sample data)
Traq 3.5.2
http://traq/test/tickets/1
Had to fix one line of code in the Avalon database library:
diff --git a/database/model.php b/database/model.php index 6c5f7da..c93e726 100644 --- a/database/model.php +++ b/database/model.php @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ public function __get($var) { $belongs_to['column'] = $var . '_id'; } $model = $belongs_to['model']; - return $this->$var = $model::find($belongs_to['foreign_key'], $this->$belongs_to['column']); + return $this->$var = $model::find($belongs_to['foreign_key'], $this->{$belongs_to['column']}); } else { $val = $this->$var;
Cachet
包含一件事件的首页
Moodle-2.9-dev
点击默认的首页
ZenCart 1.5.4
包含演示数据的首页
OneAPM for PHP 能够深入到所有 PHP 应用内部完成应用性能管理和监控,包括代码级别性能问题的可见性、性能瓶颈的快速识别与追溯、真实用户体验监控、服务器监控和端到端的应用性能管理。
帮我们一起测试!
它真的简单易用!
安装 Vagrant 与 Virtualbox
之后:
$ git clone https://github.com/rlerdorf/php7dev.git $ cd php7dev $ vagrant up ... (takes a bit - it is downloading 1.5G) $ vagrant ssh
它会 NAT, DHCP 并产生固定的地址 192.168.7.7
http://192.168.7.7/ 会展示 PHP 7 的 phpinfo() 页面。
现在,你的开发环境就部署好啦。
切换 PHP 版本比较繁杂:
vagrant@php7dev:~$ newphp 56 Activating PHP 5.6.6-dev and restarting php-fpm vagrant@php7dev:~$ newphp 7 debug Activating PHP 7.0.0-dev and restarting php-fpm
20 个预编译的版本
/usr/local/php53 /usr/local/php54-zts /usr/local/php56-debug-zts /usr/local/php53-debug /usr/local/php55 /usr/local/php56-zts /usr/local/php53-debug-zts /usr/local/php55-debug /usr/local/php70 /usr/local/php53-zts /usr/local/php55-debug-zts /usr/local/php70-debug /usr/local/php54 /usr/local/php55-zts /usr/local/php70-debug-zts /usr/local/php54-debug /usr/local/php56 /usr/local/php70-zts /usr/local/php54-debug-zts /usr/local/php56-debug
构建任意版本:
$ makephp 7 Build log in /tmp/build.log Building PHP 7.0 configuring... compiling... installing... done Building PHP 7.0-debug configuring... compiling... installing... done
或手动地
$ cd php-src $ git checkout PHP-5.6 $ git pull -r $ make distclean $ ./buildconf -f $ ./cn56 $ make $ sudo make install
请向我们提交 bug!