iOS中实现一个支持小数的星星评分组件
ilaa_8384
7年前
<p>在很多电商，外卖，餐饮型应用里，都会在商品结束后评价中有一个星星组件。核心思路就是用UIControl并自定义实现其中的trackTouch的几个方法。而显示不到一个的星星，比如半个星星的思路是根据分数切割星星的图像并显示其中一部分。实现后效果如下。</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/994cf4dbd4e52788a5ffa71cd7e717dc.gif"></p> <h2>单个星星的实现</h2> <p>对于单个星星的实现，先考虑星星有三个状态，完全置灰状态，完全高亮状态，根据百分比半高亮状态。而我这边用的是UIButton来实现，因为UIButton本身已经有普通，高亮，选择的状态。主要实现的就是百分比高亮状态。我们可以根据百分比将图像进行裁剪，让新图像的宽度只有百分比所占的整个图像的宽度。但是这时候调用setImage，会发现图片处于整个button中间。这是因为UIButton的imageView的contentMode默认是AspectFit的，而AspectFit是默认居中的。Contentmode中的UIViewContentModeLeft，是不会把长边缩放到imageView的边长的。况且，直接改变UIButton里的ImageView的ContentMode是没有效果的。要通过UIControl的contentVerticalAlignment属性（垂直）和contentHorizontalAlignment属性（水平）来达到类似ImageView的contentMode的效果。但是这两个属性都没有带Fit后缀的选项，也就是说并不会根据边长等比缩放。所以需要先把图片缩放到和Button大小一致。</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/e02e53303cae873a11d1d0577a74a7ea.jpg"></p> <p>屏幕快照 2017-05-21 下午6.32.58</p> <p>之后，我们就可以按百分比裁剪图片</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">+ (UIImage *)croppedImage:(UIImage *)image fraction:(CGFloat)fractonPart{ CGFloat width = image.size.width * fractonPart * image.scale; CGRect newFrame = CGRectMake(0, 0, width , image.size.height * image.scale); CGImageRef resultImage = CGImageCreateWithImageInRect(image.CGImage, newFrame); UIImage *result = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:resultImage scale:image.scale orientation:image.imageOrientation]; CGImageRelease(resultImage); return result; }</code></pre> <p>并在BackgroundImage设置为灰色的星星图像，设置为Button的highlighted状态</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)setFractionPart:(CGFloat)fractionPart{ if (fractionPart == 0) { return; } UIImage *image = [CDZStarButton croppedImage:self.highlightedImage fraction:fractionPart]; self.imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit; self.contentHorizontalAlignment = UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentLeft; self.contentVerticalAlignment = UIControlContentVerticalAlignmentFill; [self setImage:image forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [self setBackgroundImage:self.normalImage forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; self.selected = NO; self.highlighted = YES; }</code></pre> <p>而全高亮的状态可以设置为UIButtonde点击态</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)setHighlightedImage:(UIImage *)highlightedImage{ _highlightedImage = [CDZStarButton reSizeImage:highlightedImage toSize:self.frame.size]; [self setImage:_highlightedImage forState:UIControlStateSelected]; }</code></pre> <p>而点击事件交由给上层的UIControl去处理，因为点击的时候，除了点击的星星本身，之前的星星也应该处于完全高亮状态。在上层初始化按钮的时候把其userInteractionEnabled属性设置为NO即可，这样触摸事件就会忽略传递到Button去做事件处理，从而从响应者链传递上去交由父视图的UIControl处理。</p> <p>如果点击到星星的一半，我们应该把点击点转换成小数部分给上层。C语言的round函数可以四舍五入，这里的10代表保留一位小数，可以根据实际情况保留位数，一般评分很少需要更高精度的。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (CGFloat)fractionPartOfPoint:(CGPoint)point{ CGFloat fractionPart = (point.x - self.frame.origin.x) / self.frame.size.width; return round(fractionPart * 10) / 10; }</code></pre> <p>到这里一个可以显示分数的星星按钮就完成了，接下来就是在上层的UIControl去处理触摸事件的响应。</p> <h2>UIControl部分的实现</h2> <p>主要分两块，星星按钮的布局，触摸事件响应。</p> <h3>布局</h3> <p>首先根据星星的数量一个个添加上视图，用UIView的tag来表示对应第几个星星按钮。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)setupView { for (NSInteger index = 0; index < self.numberOfStars; index++) { CDZStarButton *starButton = [CDZStarButton.alloc initWithSize:self.starSize]; starButton.tag = index; starButton.normalImage = self.normalStarImage; starButton.highlightedImage = self.highlightedStarImage; starButton.userInteractionEnabled = NO;//关闭事件响应，交由UIControl本身处理 [self addSubview:starButton]; } }</code></pre> <p>然后是计算每个星星的位置，计算间隔和上下边距并layout</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)layoutSubviews { [super layoutSubviews]; for (NSInteger index = 0; index < self.numberOfStars; index ++) { CDZStarButton *starButton = [self starForTag:index]; CGFloat newY = (self.frame.size.height - self.starSize.height) / 2; CGFloat margin = 0; if (self.numberOfStars > 1) { margin = (self.frame.size.width - self.starSize.width * self.numberOfStars) / (self.numberOfStars - 1); } starButton.frame = CGRectMake((self.starSize.width + margin) * index, newY, self.starSize.width, self.starSize.height); } }</code></pre> <p>这时，我们可以加上两个方法去找到对应的星星button，根据tag和根据点击的CGPoint</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (CDZStarButton *)starForPoint:(CGPoint)point { for (NSInteger i = 0; i < self.numberOfStars; i++) { CDZStarButton *starButton = [self starForTag:i]; if (CGRectContainsPoint(starButton.frame, point)) { return starButton; } } return nil; } - (CDZStarButton *)starForTag:(NSInteger)tag { __block UIView *target; [self.subviews enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(__kindof UIView * _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) { if (obj.tag == tag) { target = obj; *stop = YES; } }]; return (CDZStarButton *)target; }</code></pre> <h3>处理触摸事件</h3> <p>我们先加上两个方法。一个是从第一个到某个星星开始从左到右依次点亮，一个是从最后一个星星到某个星星从右到左依次熄灭。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)starsDownToIndex:(NSInteger)index { for (NSInteger i = self.numberOfStars; i > index; --i) { CDZStarButton *starButton = [self starForTag:i]; starButton.selected = NO; starButton.highlighted = NO; } } - (void)starsUpToIndex:(NSInteger)index { for (NSInteger i = 0; i <= index; i++) { CDZStarButton *starButton = [self starForTag:i]; starButton.selected = YES; starButton.highlighted = NO; } }</code></pre> <p>然后设置一个评分的属性，重写其setter方法。allowFraction，用来判断组件是否需要分数表示，floor函数是取最大整数，相当于直接去除小数点后面的数字。判断评分的整数部分是否已经亮着，亮着那么说明从左到右最后一个亮着的右边，反之在左边，分别调用从右到左依次熄灭，或从左到右依次点亮的方法，最后再设置分数部分。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)setScore:(CGFloat)score{ if (_score == score) { return; } _score = score; NSInteger index = floor(score); CGFloat fractionPart = score - index;; if (!self.isAllowFraction || fractionPart == 0) { index -= 1; } CDZStarButton *starButton = [self starForTag:index]; if (starButton.selected) { [self starsDownToIndex:index]; } else{ [self starsUpToIndex:index]; } starButton.fractionPart = fractionPart; }</code></pre> <p>主要用到UIControl的四个方法</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/e1cc81ae6ac34e3042d74106a187ef73.jpg"></p> <p>屏幕快照 2017-05-21 下午6.31.56</p> <p>第一个是开始点击的时候的事件处理，第二个是手指未抬起在屏幕上继续移动的事件处理，第三个是离开屏幕，第四个是因为别的特殊情况事件被结束的处理。</p> <p>点击时候只要确定点击的星星，确定其小数部分，然后调用评分属性的setter方法就好了。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (BOOL)beginTrackingWithTouch:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { CGPoint point = [touch locationInView:self]; CDZStarButton *pressedStar = [self starForPoint:point]; if (pressedStar) { self.currentStar = pressedStar; NSInteger index = pressedStar.tag; CGFloat fractionPart = 1; if (self.isAllowFraction) { fractionPart = [pressedStar fractionPartOfPoint:point]; } self.score = index + fractionPart; } return YES; }</code></pre> <p>移动处理除了和点击一样的判断逻辑，还要注意手指移开了星星之外的地方，分为所在星星的左边（当前星星熄灭），右边（当前星星完全点亮）两种。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (BOOL)continueTrackingWithTouch:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { CGPoint point = [touch locationInView:self]; CDZStarButton *pressedStar = [self starForPoint:point]; if (pressedStar) { self.currentStar = pressedStar; NSInteger index = pressedStar.tag; CGFloat fractionPart = 1; if (self.isAllowFraction) { fractionPart = [pressedStar fractionPartOfPoint:point]; } self.score = index + fractionPart; } else{ //移到了当前星星的左边 if (point.x < self.currentStar.frame.origin.x) { self.score = self.currentStar.tag; } //移到了当前星星的右边 else if (point.x > (self.currentStar.frame.origin.x + self.currentStar.frame.size.width)){ self.score = self.currentStar.tag + 1; } } return YES; }</code></pre> <p>而完成触摸操作时，我们就可以用一个回调将当前的评分传给外界。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">@protocol CDZStarsControlDelegate @optional /** 回调星星改变后的分数 @param starsControl 星星组件 @param score 分数 */ - (void)starsControl:(CDZStarsControl *)starsControl didChangeScore:(CGFloat)score; @end </code></pre> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)endTrackingWithTouch:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super endTrackingWithTouch:touch withEvent:event]; if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(starsControl:didChangeScore:)]) { [self.delegate starsControl:self didChangeScore:self.score]; } } - (void)cancelTrackingWithEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super cancelTrackingWithEvent:event]; if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(starsControl:didChangeScore:)]) { [self.delegate starsControl:self didChangeScore:self.score]; } }</code></pre> <h3>封装</h3> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame stars:(NSInteger)number starSize:(CGSize)size noramlStarImage:(UIImage *)normalImage highlightedStarImage:(UIImage *)highlightedImage{ if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) { _numberOfStars = number; _normalStarImage = normalImage; _highlightedStarImage = highlightedImage; _starSize = size; _allowFraction = NO; self.clipsToBounds = YES; self.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; [self setupView]; } return self; }</code></pre> <p>开放score属性和allowFraction属性即可。使用起来也很简单。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec"> CDZStarsControl *starsControl = [CDZStarsControl.alloc initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 100, self.view.frame.size.width, 50) stars:5 starSize:CGSizeMake(50, 50) noramlStarImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"star_normal"] highlightedStarImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"star_highlighted"]]; starsControl.delegate = self; starsControl.allowFraction = YES; starsControl.score = 2.6f; [self.view addSubview:starsControl];</code></pre> <p>然后在delegate里处理分数改变后的操作即可。</p> <h2>最后</h2> <p>所有源码和 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959751218328816861" rel="nofollow,noindex">Demo</a></p> <p>可以直接拿文件去使用或修改，也支持Cocoapods.</p> <ul> <li> <p>如果您觉得有帮助,不妨给个star鼓励一下,欢迎关注&交流</p> </li> <li> <p>有任何问题欢迎评论私信或者提issue</p> </li> <li> <p>QQ：757765420</p> </li> <li> <p>Email：nemocdz@gmail.com</p> </li> <li> <p>Github： <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959751218423925705" rel="nofollow,noindex">Nemocdz</a></p> </li> <li> <p>微博：@Nemocdz</p> </li> </ul> <p>谢谢观看</p> <p>来自：http://www.jianshu.com/p/c5d0ed7f035c</p> <p> </p>