Web 唤起 Android app
Tania7453
8年前
<p>最近在项目中遇到 web 唤起 Android app 的需求,实现很简单,简单记录下实现方式与背后原理。</p> <h3>实现</h3> <p>先不管唤起的原理,用一个简单的例子描述它的实现:</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/90e4bae963c811fed0b0628b51409fa9.gif"></p> <p>首先需要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中定义 scheme, scheme 不能和 http、https、ftp、sms、mailto 等已使用的相同 。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><activity android:name=".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> <!-- web 唤起添加的 filter --> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" /> <data android:scheme="my.scheme" android:host="my.host" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </code></pre> <p>下面是测试网页:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Web 唤起 app</title> </head> <body style="text-align: center"> <a href="my.scheme://my.host?name=xxx&title=xxx" style="font-: 27px">点击唤起 Demo app</a> </body> </html> </code></pre> <p>上面的链接中有 name 和 title 两个参数,app 也能接收到,所以在唤起 app 时也能传一些数据</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Intent intent = getIntent(); if (null != intent && null != intent.getData()) { Uri uri = intent.getData(); // uri 就相当于 web 页面中的链接 String name = uri.getQueryParameter("name"); String title = uri.getQueryParameter("title"); } } </code></pre> <h3>原理</h3> <p>my.scheme://my.host?name=xxx&title=xxx 其实也是一个链接,为什么点击这个链接浏览器就会启动相应的 app 呢?</p> <p>其实关键在 WebView 的 WebViewClient 的 shouldOverrideUrlLoading 方法,基本上所有的浏览器都会有类似的实现,下面分析 Android 浏览器的源码。</p> <p>Android 6.0 的原生浏览器的 shouldOverrideUrlLoading 方法的核心实现在 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959746483368727891" rel="nofollow,noindex">UrlHandler</a> 这个类中。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(Tab tab, WebView view, String url) { ... // The "about:" schemes are internal to the browser; don't want these to // be dispatched to other apps. if (url.startsWith("about:")) { return false; } ... if (startActivityForUrl(tab, url)) { return true; } if (handleMenuClick(tab, url)) { return true; } return false; } </code></pre> <p>从上面第 5 行代码中可以看到 scheme 也不能为 about ,这是原生浏览器内部用的,唤起 app 的关键在第 10 行的 startActivityForUrl 方法。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">boolean startActivityForUrl(Tab tab, String url) { Intent intent; // perform generic parsing of the URI to turn it into an Intent. try { intent = Intent.parseUri(url, Intent.URI_INTENT_SCHEME); } catch (URISyntaxException ex) { Log.w("Browser", "Bad URI " + url + ": " + ex.getMessage()); return false; } // check whether the intent can be resolved. If not, we will see // whether we can download it from the Market. ResolveInfo r = null; try { r = mActivity.getPackageManager().resolveActivity(intent, 0); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } ... // sanitize the Intent, ensuring web pages can not bypass browser // security (only access to BROWSABLE activities). intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE); intent.setComponent(null); Intent selector = intent.getSelector(); if (selector != null) { selector.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE); selector.setComponent(null); } ... try { intent.putExtra(BrowserActivity.EXTRA_DISABLE_URL_OVERRIDE, true); if (mActivity.startActivityIfNeeded(intent, -1)) { // 唤起 app 的最终代码在这里 // before leaving BrowserActivity, close the empty child tab. // If a new tab is created through JavaScript open to load this // url, we would like to close it as we will load this url in a // different Activity. mController.closeEmptyTab(); return true; } } catch (ActivityNotFoundException ex) { // ignore the error. If no application can handle the URL, // eg about:blank, assume the browser can handle it. } return false; } </code></pre> <p>上面 22 行 intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE); 也可以看出我们之前在 加` `的原因。</p> <p>而如果第三方的浏览器在这个地方对 scheme 屏蔽,就可以让 web 唤起 app 实效,微信中网页不能唤起应用就是这个原因。</p> <p> </p> <p>来自:http://johnnyshieh.github.io/android/2017/03/30/web-evoke-app/</p> <p> </p>