深入理解 Android_Instant_Run 运行机制
308232176
8年前
<h2>Instant Run</h2> <p>Instant Run，是android studio2.0新增的一个运行机制，在你编码开发、测试或debug的时候，它都能显著减少你对当前应用的构建和部署的时间。通俗的解释就是，当你在Android Studio中改了你的代码，Instant Run可以很快的让你看到你修改的效果。而在没有Instant Run之前，你的一个小小的修改，都肯能需要几十秒甚至更长的等待才能看到修改后的效果。</p> <h2>传统的代码修改及编译部署流程</h2> <p>传统的代码修改及编译流程如下：构建整个apk → 部署app → app重启 → 重启Activity</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/465b2823af0c452146b23dde9d424ae8.png"></p> <h2>Instant Run编译和部署流程</h2> <p>Instant Run构建项目的流程：构建修改的部分 → 部署修改的dex或资源 → 热部署，温部署，冷部署</p> <h3>热拔插，温拔插，冷拔插</h3> <p>热拔插：代码改变被应用、投射到APP上，不需要重启应用，不需要重建当前activity。</p> <p>场景：适用于多数的简单改变（包括一些方法实现的修改，或者变量值修改）</p> <p>温拔插：activity需要被重启才能看到所需更改。</p> <p>场景：典型的情况是代码修改涉及到了资源文件，即resources。</p> <p>冷拔插：app需要被重启（但是仍然不需要重新安装）</p> <p>场景：任何涉及结构性变化的，比如：修改了继承规则、修改了方法签名等。</p> <h2>首次运行Instant Run，Gradle执行过程</h2> <p>一个新的App Server类会被注入到App中，与Bytecode instrumentation协同监控代码的变化。</p> <p>同时会有一个新的Application类，它注入了一个自定义类加载器（Class Loader）,同时该Application类会启动我们所需的新注入的App Server。于是，Manifest会被修改来确保我们的应用能使用这个新的Application类。（这里不必担心自己继承定义了Application类，Instant Run添加的这个新Application类会代理我们自定义的Application类）</p> <p>至此，Instant Run已经可以跑起来了，在我们使用的时候，它会通过决策，合理运用冷温热拔插来协助我们大量地缩短构建程序的时间。</p> <p>在Instant Run运行之前，Android Studio会检查是否能连接到App Server中。并且确保这个App Server是Android Studio所需要的。这同样能确保该应用正处在前台。</p> <h3>热拔插</h3> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/070d99404c34976fe060668b9bf13b91.png"></p> <p>Android Studio monitors： 运行着Gradle任务来生成增量.dex文件（这个dex文件是对应着开发中的修改类） Android Studio会提取这些.dex文件发送到App Server，然后部署到App。</p> <p>App Server会不断监听是否需要重写类文件，如果需要，任务会被立马执行。新的更改便能立即被响应。我们可以通过打断点的方式来查看。</p> <h3>温拔插</h3> <p>温拔插需要重启Activity，因为资源文件是在Activity创建时加载，所以必须重启Activity来重载资源文件。</p> <p>目前来说，任何资源文件的修改都会导致重新打包再发送到APP。但是，google的开发团队正在致力于开发一个增量包，这个增量包只会包装修改过的资源文件并能部署到当前APP上。</p> <p>所以温拔插实际上只能应对少数的情况，它并不能应付应用在架构、结构上的变化。</p> <p>注：温拔插涉及到的资源文件修改，在manifest上是无效的（这里的无效是指不会启动Instant Run），因为，manifest的值是在APK安装的时候被读取，所以想要manifest下资源的修改生效，还需要触发一个完整的应用构建和部署。</p> <h3>冷拔插</h3> <p>应用部署的时候，会把工程拆分成十个部分，每部分都拥有自己的.dex文件，然后所有的类会根据包名被分配给相应的.dex文件。当冷拔插开启时，修改过的类所对应的.dex文件，会重组生成新的.dex文件，然后再部署到设备上。</p> <p>之所以能这么做，是依赖于Android的ART模式，它能允许加载多个.dex文件。ART模式在android4.4（API-19）中加入，但是Dalvik依然是首选，到了android5.0（API-21），ART模式才成为系统默认首选，所以Instant Run只能运行在API-21及其以上版本。</p> <h2>使用Instant Run一些注意点</h2> <p>Instant Run是被Android Studio控制的。所以我们只能通过IDE来启动它，如果通过设备来启动应用，Instant Run会出现异常情况。在使用Instant Run来启动Android app的时候，应注意以下几点：</p> <ol> <li>如果应用的minSdkVersion小于21，可能多数的Instant Run功能会挂掉，这里提供一个解决方法，通过product flavor建立一个minSdkVersion大于21的新分支，用来debug。</li> <li>Instant Run目前只能在主进程里运行，如果应用是多进程的，类似微信，把webView抽出来单独一个进程，那热、温拔插会被降级为冷拔插。</li> <li>在Windows下，Windows Defender Real-Time Protection可能会导致Instant Run挂掉，可用通过添加白名单列表解决。</li> <li>暂时不支持Jack compiler，Instrumentation Tests，或者同时部署到多台设备。</li> </ol> <h2>结合Demo深度理解</h2> <p>为了方便大家的理解，我们新建一个项目，里面不写任何的逻辑功能，只对application做一个修改：</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/0fbe65e5f28c6d5f4ca57a7728a0dd15.png"></p> <p>首先，我们先反编译一下APK的构成，使用的工具：d2j-dex2jar 和jd-gui。</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/f7acbae33c434bbbc679ef099ebbb74f.png"></p> <p>我们要看的启动的信息就在这个instant-run.zip文件里面，解压instant-run.zip，我们会发现，我们真正的业务代码都在这里。</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/ee0d81204192952a728e35ce7af64b6a.png"></p> <p>从instant-run文件中我们猜想是BootstrapApplication替换了我们的application，Instant-Run代码作为一个宿主程序，将app作为资源dex加载起来。</p> <p>那么InstantRun是怎么把业务代码运行起来的呢？</p> <h2>Instant Run如何启动app</h2> <p>按照我们上面对instant-run运行机制的猜想，我们首先看一下appliaction的分析attachBaseContext和onCreate方法。</p> <h3>attachBaseContext()</h3> <pre> <code class="language-java">protected void attachBaseContext(Context context) { if (!AppInfo.usingApkSplits) { String apkFile = context.getApplicationInfo().sourceDir; long apkModified = apkFile != null ? new File(apkFile) .lastModified() : 0L; createResources(apkModified); setupClassLoaders(context, context.getCacheDir().getPath(), apkModified); } createRealApplication(); super.attachBaseContext(context); if (this.realApplication != null) { try { Method attachBaseContext = ContextWrapper.class .getDeclaredMethod("attachBaseContext", new Class[] { Context.class }); attachBaseContext.setAccessible(true); attachBaseContext.invoke(this.realApplication, new Object[] { context }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e); } } }</code></pre> <p>我们依次需要关注的方法有：</p> <p>createResources → setupClassLoaders → createRealApplication → 调用realApplication的attachBaseContext方法</p> <p>createResources()</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void createResources(long apkModified) { FileManager.checkInbox(); File file = FileManager.getExternalResourceFile(); this.externalResourcePath = (file != null ? file.getPath() : null); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Resource override is " + this.externalResourcePath); } if (file != null) { try { long resourceModified = file.lastModified(); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Resource patch last modified: " + resourceModified); Log.v("InstantRun", "APK last modified: " + apkModified + " " + (apkModified > resourceModified ? ">" : "<") + " resource patch"); } if ((apkModified == 0L) || (resourceModified <= apkModified)) { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Ignoring resource file, older than APK"); } this.externalResourcePath = null; } } catch (Throwable t) { Log.e("InstantRun", "Failed to check patch timestamps", t); } } }</code></pre> <p>说明：该方法主要是判断资源resource.ap_是否改变，然后保存resource.ap_的路径到externalResourcePath中。</p> <p>setupClassLoaders()</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static void setupClassLoaders(Context context, String codeCacheDir, long apkModified) { List dexList = FileManager.getDexList(context, apkModified); Class server = Server.class; Class patcher = MonkeyPatcher.class; if (!dexList.isEmpty()) { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Bootstrapping class loader with dex list " + join('\n', dexList)); } ClassLoader classLoader = BootstrapApplication.class .getClassLoader(); String nativeLibraryPath; try { nativeLibraryPath = (String) classLoader.getClass() .getMethod("getLdLibraryPath", new Class[0]) .invoke(classLoader, new Object[0]); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Native library path: " + nativeLibraryPath); } } catch (Throwable t) { Log.e("InstantRun", "Failed to determine native library path " + t.getMessage()); nativeLibraryPath = FileManager.getNativeLibraryFolder() .getPath(); } IncrementalClassLoader.inject(classLoader, nativeLibraryPath, codeCacheDir, dexList); } }</code></pre> <p>说明，该方法是初始化一个ClassLoaders并调用IncrementalClassLoader。</p> <p>IncrementalClassLoader的源码如下：</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class IncrementalClassLoader extends ClassLoader { public static final boolean DEBUG_CLASS_LOADING = false; private final DelegateClassLoader delegateClassLoader; public IncrementalClassLoader(ClassLoader original, String nativeLibraryPath, String codeCacheDir, List dexes) { super(original.getParent()); this.delegateClassLoader = createDelegateClassLoader(nativeLibraryPath, codeCacheDir, dexes, original); } public Class findClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException { try { return this.delegateClassLoader.findClass(className); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw e; } } private static class DelegateClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader { private DelegateClassLoader(String dexPath, File optimizedDirectory, String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) { super(dexPath, optimizedDirectory, libraryPath, parent); } public Class findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { try { return super.findClass(name); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw e; } } } private static DelegateClassLoader createDelegateClassLoader( String nativeLibraryPath, String codeCacheDir, List dexes, ClassLoader original) { String pathBuilder = createDexPath(dexes); return new DelegateClassLoader(pathBuilder, new File(codeCacheDir), nativeLibraryPath, original); } private static String createDexPath(List dexes) { StringBuilder pathBuilder = new StringBuilder(); boolean first = true; for (String dex : dexes) { if (first) { first = false; } else { pathBuilder.append(File.pathSeparator); } pathBuilder.append(dex); } if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Incremental dex path is " + BootstrapApplication.join('\n', dexes)); } return pathBuilder.toString(); } private static void setParent(ClassLoader classLoader, ClassLoader newParent) { try { Field parent = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredField("parent"); parent.setAccessible(true); parent.set(classLoader, newParent); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } public static ClassLoader inject(ClassLoader classLoader, String nativeLibraryPath, String codeCacheDir, List dexes) { IncrementalClassLoader incrementalClassLoader = new IncrementalClassLoader( classLoader, nativeLibraryPath, codeCacheDir, dexes); setParent(classLoader, incrementalClassLoader); return incrementalClassLoader; } }</code></pre> <p>inject方法是用来设置classloader的父子顺序的，使用IncrementalClassLoader来加载dex。由于ClassLoader的双亲委托模式，也就是委托父类加载类，父类中找不到再在本ClassLoader中查找。</p> <p>调用的效果图如下：</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/0b8b0e9263ebd358fe98547428c712e9.png"></p> <p>为了方便我们对委托父类加载机制的理解，我们可以做一个实验，在我们的application做一些Log。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); try{ Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication"); String classLoaderName = getClassLoader().getClass().getName(); Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication classLoaderName = "+classLoaderName); String parentClassLoaderName = getClassLoader().getParent().getClass().getName(); Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication parentClassLoaderName = "+parentClassLoaderName); String pParentClassLoaderName = getClassLoader().getParent().getParent().getClass().getName(); Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication pParentClassLoaderName = "+pParentClassLoaderName); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }</code></pre> <p>输出结果：</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">03-20 10:43:42.475 27307-27307/mobctrl.net.testinstantrun D/MyApplication: ###onCreate in myApplication classLoaderName = dalvik.system.PathClassLoader 03-20 10:43:42.475 27307-27307/mobctrl.net.testinstantrun D/MyApplication: ###onCreate in myApplication parentClassLoaderName = com.android.tools.fd.runtime.IncrementalClassLoader 03-20 10:43:42.475 27307-27307/mobctrl.net.testinstantrun D/MyApplication: ###onCreate in myApplication pParentClassLoaderName = java.lang.BootClassLoader</code></pre> <p>由此，我们知道，当前PathClassLoader委托IncrementalClassLoader加载dex。</p> <p>我们继续对attachBaseContext()继续分析：</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">attachBaseContext.invoke(this.realApplication, new Object[] { context });</code></pre> <p>createRealApplication</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void createRealApplication() { if (AppInfo.applicationClass != null) { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "About to create real application of class name = " + AppInfo.applicationClass); } try { Class realClass = (Class) Class .forName(AppInfo.applicationClass); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Created delegate app class successfully : " + realClass + " with class loader " + realClass.getClassLoader()); } Constructor constructor = realClass .getConstructor(new Class[0]); this.realApplication = ((Application) constructor .newInstance(new Object[0])); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Created real app instance successfully :" + this.realApplication); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e); } } else { this.realApplication = new Application(); } }</code></pre> <p>该方法就是用classes.dex中的AppInfo类的applicationClass常量中保存的app真实的application。由例子的分析我们可以知道applicationClass就是com.xzh.demo.MyApplication。通过反射的方式，创建真是的realApplication。</p> <p>看完attachBaseContext我们继续看BootstrapApplication();</p> <h3>BootstrapApplication()</h3> <p>我们首先看一下onCreate方法：</p> <p>onCreate()</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void onCreate() { if (!AppInfo.usingApkSplits) { MonkeyPatcher.monkeyPatchApplication(this, this, this.realApplication, this.externalResourcePath); MonkeyPatcher.monkeyPatchExistingResources(this, this.externalResourcePath, null); } else { MonkeyPatcher.monkeyPatchApplication(this, this, this.realApplication, null); } super.onCreate(); if (AppInfo.applicationId != null) { try { boolean foundPackage = false; int pid = Process.myPid(); ActivityManager manager = (ActivityManager) getSystemService("activity"); List processes = manager .getRunningAppProcesses(); boolean startServer = false; if ((processes != null) && (processes.size() > 1)) { for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo processInfo : processes) { if (AppInfo.applicationId .equals(processInfo.processName)) { foundPackage = true; if (processInfo.pid == pid) { startServer = true; break; } } } if ((!startServer) && (!foundPackage)) { startServer = true; if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Multiprocess but didn't find process with package: starting server anyway"); } } } else { startServer = true; } if (startServer) { Server.create(AppInfo.applicationId, this); } } catch (Throwable t) { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Failed during multi process check", t); } Server.create(AppInfo.applicationId, this); } } if (this.realApplication != null) { this.realApplication.onCreate(); } }</code></pre> <p>在onCreate()中我们需要注意以下方法：</p> <p>monkeyPatchApplication → monkeyPatchExistingResources → Server启动 → 调用realApplication的onCreate方法</p> <p>monkeyPatchApplication</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static void monkeyPatchApplication(Context context, Application bootstrap, Application realApplication, String externalResourceFile) { try { Class activityThread = Class .forName("android.app.ActivityThread"); Object currentActivityThread = getActivityThread(context, activityThread); Field mInitialApplication = activityThread .getDeclaredField("mInitialApplication"); mInitialApplication.setAccessible(true); Application initialApplication = (Application) mInitialApplication .get(currentActivityThread); if ((realApplication != null) && (initialApplication == bootstrap)) { mInitialApplication.set(currentActivityThread, realApplication); } if (realApplication != null) { Field mAllApplications = activityThread .getDeclaredField("mAllApplications"); mAllApplications.setAccessible(true); List allApplications = (List) mAllApplications .get(currentActivityThread); for (int i = 0; i < allApplications.size(); i++) { if (allApplications.get(i) == bootstrap) { allApplications.set(i, realApplication); } } } Class loadedApkClass; try { loadedApkClass = Class.forName("android.app.LoadedApk"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { loadedApkClass = Class .forName("android.app.ActivityThread$PackageInfo"); } Field mApplication = loadedApkClass .getDeclaredField("mApplication"); mApplication.setAccessible(true); Field mResDir = loadedApkClass.getDeclaredField("mResDir"); mResDir.setAccessible(true); Field mLoadedApk = null; try { mLoadedApk = Application.class.getDeclaredField("mLoadedApk"); } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { } for (String fieldName : new String[] { "mPackages", "mResourcePackages" }) { Field field = activityThread.getDeclaredField(fieldName); field.setAccessible(true); Object value = field.get(currentActivityThread); for (Map.Entry> entry : ((Map>) value) .entrySet()) { Object loadedApk = ((WeakReference) entry.getValue()).get(); if (loadedApk != null) { if (mApplication.get(loadedApk) == bootstrap) { if (realApplication != null) { mApplication.set(loadedApk, realApplication); } if (externalResourceFile != null) { mResDir.set(loadedApk, externalResourceFile); } if ((realApplication != null) && (mLoadedApk != null)) { mLoadedApk.set(realApplication, loadedApk); } } } } } } catch (Throwable e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e); } }</code></pre> <p>说明：该方法的作用是替换所有当前app的application为realApplication。</p> <p>替换的过程如下：</p> <p>1.替换ActivityThread的mInitialApplication为realApplication</p> <p>2.替换mAllApplications 中所有的Application为realApplication</p> <p>3.替换ActivityThread的mPackages,mResourcePackages中的mLoaderApk中的application为realApplication。</p> <p>monkeyPatchExistingResources</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static void monkeyPatchExistingResources(Context context, String externalResourceFile, Collection activities) { if (externalResourceFile == null) { return; } try { AssetManager newAssetManager = (AssetManager) AssetManager.class .getConstructor(new Class[0]).newInstance(new Object[0]); Method mAddAssetPath = AssetManager.class.getDeclaredMethod( "addAssetPath", new Class[] { String.class }); mAddAssetPath.setAccessible(true); if (((Integer) mAddAssetPath.invoke(newAssetManager, new Object[] { externalResourceFile })).intValue() == 0) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Could not create new AssetManager"); } Method mEnsureStringBlocks = AssetManager.class.getDeclaredMethod( "ensureStringBlocks", new Class[0]); mEnsureStringBlocks.setAccessible(true); mEnsureStringBlocks.invoke(newAssetManager, new Object[0]); if (activities != null) { for (Activity activity : activities) { Resources resources = activity.getResources(); try { Field mAssets = Resources.class .getDeclaredField("mAssets"); mAssets.setAccessible(true); mAssets.set(resources, newAssetManager); } catch (Throwable ignore) { Field mResourcesImpl = Resources.class .getDeclaredField("mResourcesImpl"); mResourcesImpl.setAccessible(true); Object resourceImpl = mResourcesImpl.get(resources); Field implAssets = resourceImpl.getClass() .getDeclaredField("mAssets"); implAssets.setAccessible(true); implAssets.set(resourceImpl, newAssetManager); } Resources.Theme theme = activity.getTheme(); try { try { Field ma = Resources.Theme.class .getDeclaredField("mAssets"); ma.setAccessible(true); ma.set(theme, newAssetManager); } catch (NoSuchFieldException ignore) { Field themeField = Resources.Theme.class .getDeclaredField("mThemeImpl"); themeField.setAccessible(true); Object impl = themeField.get(theme); Field ma = impl.getClass().getDeclaredField( "mAssets"); ma.setAccessible(true); ma.set(impl, newAssetManager); } Field mt = ContextThemeWrapper.class .getDeclaredField("mTheme"); mt.setAccessible(true); mt.set(activity, null); Method mtm = ContextThemeWrapper.class .getDeclaredMethod("initializeTheme", new Class[0]); mtm.setAccessible(true); mtm.invoke(activity, new Object[0]); Method mCreateTheme = AssetManager.class .getDeclaredMethod("createTheme", new Class[0]); mCreateTheme.setAccessible(true); Object internalTheme = mCreateTheme.invoke( newAssetManager, new Object[0]); Field mTheme = Resources.Theme.class .getDeclaredField("mTheme"); mTheme.setAccessible(true); mTheme.set(theme, internalTheme); } catch (Throwable e) { Log.e("InstantRun", "Failed to update existing theme for activity " + activity, e); } pruneResourceCaches(resources); } } Collection> references; if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) { Class resourcesManagerClass = Class .forName("android.app.ResourcesManager"); Method mGetInstance = resourcesManagerClass.getDeclaredMethod( "getInstance", new Class[0]); mGetInstance.setAccessible(true); Object resourcesManager = mGetInstance.invoke(null, new Object[0]); try { Field fMActiveResources = resourcesManagerClass .getDeclaredField("mActiveResources"); fMActiveResources.setAccessible(true); ArrayMap> arrayMap = (ArrayMap) fMActiveResources .get(resourcesManager); references = arrayMap.values(); } catch (NoSuchFieldException ignore) { Field mResourceReferences = resourcesManagerClass .getDeclaredField("mResourceReferences"); mResourceReferences.setAccessible(true); references = (Collection) mResourceReferences .get(resourcesManager); } } else { Class activityThread = Class .forName("android.app.ActivityThread"); Field fMActiveResources = activityThread .getDeclaredField("mActiveResources"); fMActiveResources.setAccessible(true); Object thread = getActivityThread(context, activityThread); HashMap> map = (HashMap) fMActiveResources .get(thread); references = map.values(); } for (WeakReference wr : references) { Resources resources = (Resources) wr.get(); if (resources != null) { try { Field mAssets = Resources.class .getDeclaredField("mAssets"); mAssets.setAccessible(true); mAssets.set(resources, newAssetManager); } catch (Throwable ignore) { Field mResourcesImpl = Resources.class .getDeclaredField("mResourcesImpl"); mResourcesImpl.setAccessible(true); Object resourceImpl = mResourcesImpl.get(resources); Field implAssets = resourceImpl.getClass() .getDeclaredField("mAssets"); implAssets.setAccessible(true); implAssets.set(resourceImpl, newAssetManager); } resources.updateConfiguration(resources.getConfiguration(), resources.getDisplayMetrics()); } } } catch (Throwable e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e); } }</code></pre> <p>说明：该方法的作用是替换所有当前app的mAssets为newAssetManager。</p> <p>monkeyPatchExistingResources的流程如下：</p> <p>1.如果resource.ap_文件有改变，那么新建一个AssetManager对象newAssetManager，然后用newAssetManager对象替换所有当前Resource、Resource.Theme的mAssets成员变量。</p> <p>2.如果当前的已经有Activity启动了，还需要替换所有Activity中mAssets成员变量</p> <p>判断Server是否已经启动，如果没有启动，则启动Server。然后调用realApplication的onCreate方法代理realApplication的生命周期。</p> <p>接下来我们分析下Server负责的**热部署**、**温部署**和**冷部署**等问题。</p> <h2>Server热部署、温部署和冷部署</h2> <p>首先重点关注一下Server的内部类SocketServerReplyThread。</p> <p>SocketServerReplyThread</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private class SocketServerReplyThread extends Thread { private final LocalSocket mSocket; SocketServerReplyThread(LocalSocket socket) { this.mSocket = socket; } public void run() { try { DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream( this.mSocket.getInputStream()); DataOutputStream output = new DataOutputStream( this.mSocket.getOutputStream()); try { handle(input, output); } finally { try { input.close(); } catch (IOException ignore) { } try { output.close(); } catch (IOException ignore) { } } return; } catch (IOException e) { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Fatal error receiving messages", e); } } } private void handle(DataInputStream input, DataOutputStream output) throws IOException { long magic = input.readLong(); if (magic != 890269988L) { Log.w("InstantRun", "Unrecognized header format " + Long.toHexString(magic)); return; } int version = input.readInt(); output.writeInt(4); if (version != 4) { Log.w("InstantRun", "Mismatched protocol versions; app is using version 4 and tool is using version " + version); } else { int message; for (;;) { message = input.readInt(); switch (message) { case 7: if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Received EOF from the IDE"); } return; case 2: boolean active = Restarter .getForegroundActivity(Server.this.mApplication) != null; output.writeBoolean(active); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Received Ping message from the IDE; returned active = " + active); } break; case 3: String path = input.readUTF(); long size = FileManager.getFileSize(path); output.writeLong(size); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Received path-exists(" + path + ") from the " + "IDE; returned size=" + size); } break; case 4: long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); path = input.readUTF(); byte[] checksum = FileManager.getCheckSum(path); if (checksum != null) { output.writeInt(checksum.length); output.write(checksum); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); String hash = new BigInteger(1, checksum) .toString(16); Log.v("InstantRun", "Received checksum(" + path + ") from the " + "IDE: took " + (end - begin) + "ms to compute " + hash); } } else { output.writeInt(0); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Received checksum(" + path + ") from the " + "IDE: returning "); } } break; case 5: if (!authenticate(input)) { return; } Activity activity = Restarter .getForegroundActivity(Server.this.mApplication); if (activity != null) { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Restarting activity per user request"); } Restarter.restartActivityOnUiThread(activity); } break; case 1: if (!authenticate(input)) { return; } List changes = ApplicationPatch .read(input); if (changes != null) { boolean hasResources = Server.hasResources(changes); int updateMode = input.readInt(); updateMode = Server.this.handlePatches(changes, hasResources, updateMode); boolean showToast = input.readBoolean(); output.writeBoolean(true); Server.this.restart(updateMode, hasResources, showToast); } break; case 6: String text = input.readUTF(); Activity foreground = Restarter .getForegroundActivity(Server.this.mApplication); if (foreground != null) { Restarter.showToast(foreground, text); } else if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Couldn't show toast (no activity) : " + text); } break; } } } } }</code></pre> <p>说明：socket开启后，开始读取数据，当读到1时，获取代码变化的ApplicationPatch列表，然后调用handlePatches来处理代码的变化。</p> <p>handlePatches</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private int handlePatches(List changes, boolean hasResources, int updateMode) { if (hasResources) { FileManager.startUpdate(); } for (ApplicationPatch change : changes) { String path = change.getPath(); if (path.endsWith(".dex")) { handleColdSwapPatch(change); boolean canHotSwap = false; for (ApplicationPatch c : changes) { if (c.getPath().equals("classes.dex.3")) { canHotSwap = true; break; } } if (!canHotSwap) { updateMode = 3; } } else if (path.equals("classes.dex.3")) { updateMode = handleHotSwapPatch(updateMode, change); } else if (isResourcePath(path)) { updateMode = handleResourcePatch(updateMode, change, path); } } if (hasResources) { FileManager.finishUpdate(true); } return updateMode; }</code></pre> <p>说明：本方法主要通过判断Change的内容，来判断采用什么模式（热部署、温部署或冷部署）</p> <ul> <li>如果后缀为“.dex”,冷部署处理handleColdSwapPatch</li> <li>如果后缀为“classes.dex.3”,热部署处理handleHotSwapPatch</li> <li>其他情况,温部署，处理资源handleResourcePatch</li> </ul> <p>handleColdSwapPatch冷部署</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static void handleColdSwapPatch(ApplicationPatch patch) { if (patch.path.startsWith("slice-")) { File file = FileManager.writeDexShard(patch.getBytes(), patch.path); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Received dex shard " + file); } } }</code></pre> <p>说明：该方法把dex文件写到私有目录，等待整个app重启，重启之后，使用前面提到的IncrementalClassLoader加载dex即可。</p> <p>handleHotSwapPatch热部署</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private int handleHotSwapPatch(int updateMode, ApplicationPatch patch) { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Received incremental code patch"); } try { String dexFile = FileManager.writeTempDexFile(patch.getBytes()); if (dexFile == null) { Log.e("InstantRun", "No file to write the code to"); return updateMode; } if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Reading live code from " + dexFile); } String nativeLibraryPath = FileManager.getNativeLibraryFolder() .getPath(); DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexFile, this.mApplication.getCacheDir().getPath(), nativeLibraryPath, getClass().getClassLoader()); Class aClass = Class.forName( "com.android.tools.fd.runtime.AppPatchesLoaderImpl", true, dexClassLoader); try { if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Got the patcher class " + aClass); } PatchesLoader loader = (PatchesLoader) aClass.newInstance(); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Got the patcher instance " + loader); } String[] getPatchedClasses = (String[]) aClass .getDeclaredMethod("getPatchedClasses", new Class[0]) .invoke(loader, new Object[0]); if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) { Log.v("InstantRun", "Got the list of classes "); for (String getPatchedClass : getPatchedClasses) { Log.v("InstantRun", "class " + getPatchedClass); } } if (!loader.load()) { updateMode = 3; } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("InstantRun", "Couldn't apply code changes", e); e.printStackTrace(); updateMode = 3; } } catch (Throwable e) { Log.e("InstantRun", "Couldn't apply code changes", e); updateMode = 3; } return updateMode; }</code></pre> <p>说明：该方法将patch的dex文件写入到临时目录，然后使用DexClassLoader去加载dex。然后反射调用AppPatchesLoaderImpl类的load方法。</p> <p>需要强调的是：AppPatchesLoaderImpl继承自抽象类AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl，并实现了抽象方法：getPatchedClasses。而AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl抽象类代码如下：</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public abstract class AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl implements PatchesLoader { public abstract String[] getPatchedClasses(); public boolean load() { try { for (String className : getPatchedClasses()) { ClassLoader cl = getClass().getClassLoader(); Class aClass = cl.loadClass(className + "$override"); Object o = aClass.newInstance(); Class originalClass = cl.loadClass(className); Field changeField = originalClass.getDeclaredField("$change"); changeField.setAccessible(true); Object previous = changeField.get(null); if (previous != null) { Field isObsolete = previous.getClass().getDeclaredField( "$obsolete"); if (isObsolete != null) { isObsolete.set(null, Boolean.valueOf(true)); } } changeField.set(null, o); if ((Log.logging != null) && (Log.logging.isLoggable(Level.FINE))) { Log.logging.log(Level.FINE, String.format("patched %s", new Object[] { className })); } } } catch (Exception e) { if (Log.logging != null) { Log.logging.log(Level.SEVERE, String.format( "Exception while patching %s", new Object[] { "foo.bar" }), e); } return false; } return true; } }</code></pre> <h3>Instant Run热部署原理</h3> <p>由上面的代码分析，我们对Instant Run的流程可以分析如下：</p> <p>1，在第一次构建apk时，在每一个类中注入了一个$change的成员变量，它实现了IncrementalChange接口，并在每一个方法中，插入了一段类似的逻辑。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">IncrementalChange localIncrementalChange = $change; if (localIncrementalChange != null) { localIncrementalChange.access$dispatch( "onCreate.(Landroid/os/Bundle;)V", new Object[] { this, ... }); return; }</code></pre> <p>当$change不为空的时候，执行IncrementalChange方法。</p> <p>2，当我们修改代码中方法的实现之后，点击InstantRun，它会生成对应的patch文件来记录你修改的内容。patch文件中的替换类是在所修改类名的后面追加$override，并实现IncrementalChange接口。</p> <p>3，生成AppPatchesLoaderImpl类，继承自AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl，并实现getPatchedClasses方法，来记录哪些类被修改了。</p> <p>4，调用load方法之后，根据getPatchedClasses返回的修改过的类的列表，去加载对应的$override类，然后把原有类的$change设置为对应的实现了IncrementalChange接口的$override类。</p> <h2>Instant Run运行机制总结</h2> <p>Instant Run运行机制主要涉及到热部署、温部署和冷部署，主要是在第一次运行，app运行时期，有代码修改时。</p> <h3>第一次编译</h3> <p>1.把Instant-Run.jar和instant-Run-bootstrap.jar打包到主dex中</p> <p>2.替换AndroidManifest.xml中的application配置</p> <p>3.使用asm工具，在每个类中添加$change，在每个方法前加逻辑</p> <p>4.把源代码编译成dex，然后存放到压缩包instant-run.zip中</p> <h3>app运行时</h3> <p>1.获取更改后资源resource.ap_的路径</p> <p>2.设置ClassLoader。setupClassLoader：</p> <p>使用IncrementalClassLoader加载apk的代码，将原有的BootClassLoader → PathClassLoader改为BootClassLoader → IncrementalClassLoader → PathClassLoader继承关系。</p> <p>3.createRealApplication：</p> <p>创建apk真实的application</p> <p>4.monkeyPatchApplication</p> <p>反射替换ActivityThread中的各种Application成员变量</p> <p>5.monkeyPatchExistingResource</p> <p>反射替换所有存在的AssetManager对象</p> <p>6.调用realApplication的onCreate方法</p> <p>7.启动Server，Socket接收patch列表</p> <h3>有代码修改时</h3> <p>1.生成对应的$override类</p> <p>2.生成AppPatchesLoaderImpl类，记录修改的类列表</p> <p>3.打包成patch，通过socket传递给app</p> <p>4.app的server接收到patch之后，分别按照handleColdSwapPatch、handleHotSwapPatch、handleResourcePatch等待对patch进行处理</p> <p>5.restart使patch生效</p> <p>在Android插件化、Android热修复、apk加壳/脱壳中借鉴了Instant Run运行机制，所以理解Instant Run运行机制对于向更深层次的研究是很有帮助的，对于我们自己书写框架也是有借鉴意义的。</p> <p> </p> <p>来自：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/72566?utm_campaign=wenzhang&utm_medium=article&utm_source=QQ-qun&2017323&utm_content=m_14685</p> <p> </p>