Android ViewDragHelper及移动处理总结

DorJ19 8年前
   <h2>概述</h2>    <p>2013年谷歌i/o大会上介绍了两个新的layout: SlidingPaneLayout和DrawerLayout,现在这俩个类被广泛的运用。我们知道在我们实际的开发中往往会涉及到很多的拖动效果,而ViewDragHelper解决了android中手势处理过于复杂的问题。</p>    <p>其实ViewDragHelper并不是第一个用于分析手势处理的类,gesturedetector也是,但是在和拖动相关的手势分析方面gesturedetector只能说是勉为其难,其拓展性并不好。</p>    <p>为了方便大家的理解,我们首先来看一下android View对移动事件的处理。</p>    <h2>View移动方法总结</h2>    <h2>layout</h2>    <p>在自定义控件中,View绘制的一个重写方法layout(),用来设置显示的位置。所以,可以通过修改View的坐标值来改变view在父View的位置,以此可以达到移动的效果!但是缺点是只能移动指定的View,如常见的:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">view.layout(l,t,r,b);</code></pre>    <h2>offsetLeftAndRight /offsetTopAndBottom</h2>    <p>非常方便的封装方法,只需提供水平、垂直方向上的偏移量,展示效果与layout()方法相同。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">view.offsetLeftAndRight(offset);//同时改变left和right  view.offsetTopAndBottom(offset);//同时改变top和bottom</code></pre>    <h2>LayoutParams</h2>    <p>此类保存了一个View的布局参数,可通过LayoutParams动态改变一个布局的位置参数,以此动态地修改布局,达到View位置移动的效果!但是在获取getLayoutParams()时,要根据该子View对应的父View布局来决定自身的LayoutParams 。所以一切的前提是:必须要有一个父View,否则无法获取LayoutParams。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">LinearLayout.LayoutParamslayoutParams = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)getLayoutParams();   layoutParams.leftMargin = getLeft() + dx; layoutParams.topMargin = getTop() + dy; setLayoutParams(layoutParams); </code></pre>    <h2>scrollTo/scrollBy</h2>    <p>通过改变scrollX和scrollY来移动,但是可以移动所有的子View。scrollTo(x,y)表示移动到一个具体的坐标点(x,y),而scrollBy(x,y)表示移动的增量为dx,dy。</p>    <p>注意:这里使用scrollBy(xOffset,yOffset);,你会发现并没有效果,因为以上两个方法移动的是View的content。若在ViewGroup中使用,移动的是所有子View;若在View中使用,移动的是View的内容(比如TextView)。所以,不可在view中使用以上方法!</p>    <p>要想使用scrollBy,应该在View所在的ViewGroup中使用:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">((View)getParent()).scrollBy(offsetX, offsetY); </code></pre>    <h2>canvas</h2>    <p>通过改变Canvas绘制的位置来移动View的内容,用的少,一般用在自定义的View中,比如老早之前实现手写板:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, left, top, paint)</code></pre>    <p>说完View的移动相关的属性,我们来看一下大名鼎鼎的ViewDragHelper。</p>    <h2>ViewDragHelper</h2>    <p>要理解ViewDragHelper,我们需要掌握以下几点:</p>    <ol>     <li>ViewDragHelper.Callback是连接ViewDragHelper与view之间的桥梁;</li>     <li>ViewDragHelper的实例是通过静态工厂方法创建的;</li>     <li>ViewDragHelper可以检测到是否触及到边缘;</li>     <li>ViewDragHelper并不是直接作用于要被拖动的View,而是使其控制的视图容器中的子View可以被拖动,如果要指定某个子view的行为,需要在Callback中实现;</li>     <li>ViewDragHelper的本质其实是分析onInterceptTouchEvent和onTouchEvent的MotionEvent参数,然后根据分析的结果去改变一个容器中被拖动子View的位置。</li>    </ol>    <h2>ViewDragHelper使用</h2>    <ol>     <li> <p>ViewDragHelper的初始化</p> <p>ViewDragHelper一般用在一个自定义ViewGroup的内部,比如下面自定义了一个继承于LinearLayout的DragLayout,DragLayout内部有一个子view mDragView作为成员变量:</p> </li>    </ol>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public class DragLayout extends LinearLayout {  private final ViewDragHelper mDragHelper;  private View mDragView;  public DragLayout(Context context) {    this(context, null);  }  public DragLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {    this(context, attrs, 0);  }  public DragLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {    super(context, attrs, defStyle);  }</code></pre>    <p>创建一个带有回调接口的ViewDragHelper。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public DragLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {    super(context, attrs, defStyle);    mDragHelper = ViewDragHelper.create(this, 1.0f, new DragHelperCallback());  }</code></pre>    <p>说明:其中其二个参数是敏感度,参数参数越大越敏感。</p>    <p>然后ViewDragHelper将触摸事件传递给ViewDragHelper进行处理。如:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">@Override  public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {    final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev);    if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {        mDragHelper.cancel();        return false;    }    return mDragHelper.shouldInterceptTouchEvent(ev);  }  @Override  public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {    mDragHelper.processTouchEvent(ev);    return true;  }</code></pre>    <ol>     <li> <p>拖动行为处理</p> <p>在DragHelperCallback的回调方法中有很多的方法可以检测View的事件,如常见的clampViewPositionHorizontal、clampViewPositionVertical,并且clampViewPositionHorizontal 和 clampViewPositionVertical必须要重写,因为默认它返回的是0。</p> <p>来看clampViewPositionHorizontal的处理。</p> <p>在DragHelperCallback中实现clampViewPositionHorizontal方法, 并且返回一个适当的数值就能实现横向拖动效果。</p> </li>    </ol>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">@Override  public int clampViewPositionHorizontal(View child, int left, int dx) {    Log.d("DragLayout", "clampViewPositionHorizontal " + left + "," + dx);    final int leftBound = getPaddingLeft();    final int rightBound = getWidth() - mDragView.getWidth();    final int newLeft = Math.min(Math.max(left, leftBound), rightBound);    return newLeft;  }</code></pre>    <ol>     <li>其他事件处理</li>    </ol>    <h3>滑动边缘事件检测</h3>    <p>分为滑动左边缘还是右边缘:EDGE_LEFT和EDGE_RIGHT,下面的代码设置了可以处理滑动左边缘:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">mDragHelper.setEdgeTrackingEnabled(ViewDragHelper.EDGE_LEFT);</code></pre>    <p>如上,我们设置为左边缘检测,当onEdgeTouched方法会在左边缘滑动的时候被调用,这种情况下一般都是没有和子view接触的情况。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">@Override  public void onEdgeTouched(int edgeFlags, int pointerId) {      super.onEdgeTouched(edgeFlags, pointerId);      Toast.makeText(getContext(), "edgeTouched", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  }</code></pre>    <p>如果你想在边缘滑动的时候根据滑动距离移动一个子view,可以通过实现onEdgeDragStarted方法,并在onEdgeDragStarted方法中手动指定要移动的子View,如之前仿音悦台的页面交互就用到了子View的检测。</p>    <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/1ccb04221191719e51ec1c40b9db7f43.gif"></p>    <h2>ViewDragHelper实战</h2>    <p>其实就之前是的的仿音悦台的页面交互效果吧,在13年就有国外的大神实现了 </p>    <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/bc4b2db02b0a5911dee59d11a46062de.gif"></p>    <p>我们来看一段完整的代码:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public class 油TubeLayout extends ViewGroup {  private final ViewDragHelper mDragHelper;  private View mHeaderView;  private View mDescView;  private float mInitialMotionX;  private float mInitialMotionY;  private int mDragRange;  private int mTop;  private float mDragOffset;  public 油TubeLayout(Context context) {    this(context, null);  }  public 油TubeLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {    this(context, attrs, 0);  }  @Override  protected void onFinishInflate() {      mHeaderView = findViewById(R.id.viewHeader);      mDescView = findViewById(R.id.viewDesc);  }  public 油TubeLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {    super(context, attrs, defStyle);    mDragHelper = ViewDragHelper.create(this, 1f, new DragHelperCallback());  }  public void maximize() {      smoothSlideTo(0f);  }  boolean smoothSlideTo(float slideOffset) {      final int topBound = getPaddingTop();      int y = (int) (topBound + slideOffset * mDragRange);      if (mDragHelper.smoothSlideViewTo(mHeaderView, mHeaderView.getLeft(), y)) {          ViewCompat.postInvalidateOnAnimation(this);          return true;      }      return false;  }  private class DragHelperCallback extends ViewDragHelper.Callback {    @Override    public boolean tryCaptureView(View child, int pointerId) {          return child == mHeaderView;    }      @Override    public void onViewPositionChanged(View changedView, int left, int top, int dx, int dy) {        mTop = top;        mDragOffset = (float) top / mDragRange;          mHeaderView.setPivotX(mHeaderView.getWidth());          mHeaderView.setPivotY(mHeaderView.getHeight());          mHeaderView.setScaleX(1 - mDragOffset / 2);          mHeaderView.setScaleY(1 - mDragOffset / 2);          mDescView.setAlpha(1 - mDragOffset);          requestLayout();    }    @Override    public void onViewReleased(View releasedChild, float xvel, float yvel) {        int top = getPaddingTop();        if (yvel > 0 || (yvel == 0 && mDragOffset > 0.5f)) {            top += mDragRange;        }        mDragHelper.settleCapturedViewAt(releasedChild.getLeft(), top);    }    @Override    public int getViewVerticalDragRange(View child) {        return mDragRange;    }    @Override    public int clampViewPositionVertical(View child, int top, int dy) {        final int topBound = getPaddingTop();        final int bottomBound = getHeight() - mHeaderView.getHeight() - mHeaderView.getPaddingBottom();        final int newTop = Math.min(Math.max(top, topBound), bottomBound);        return newTop;    }  }  @Override  public void computeScroll() {    if (mDragHelper.continueSettling(true)) {        ViewCompat.postInvalidateOnAnimation(this);    }  }  @Override  public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {    final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev);    if (( action != MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN)) {        mDragHelper.cancel();        return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);    }    if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {        mDragHelper.cancel();        return false;    }    final float x = ev.getX();    final float y = ev.getY();    boolean interceptTap = false;    switch (action) {        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {            mInitialMotionX = x;            mInitialMotionY = y;              interceptTap = mDragHelper.isViewUnder(mHeaderView, (int) x, (int) y);            break;        }        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {            final float adx = Math.abs(x - mInitialMotionX);            final float ady = Math.abs(y - mInitialMotionY);            final int slop = mDragHelper.getTouchSlop();            if (ady > slop && adx > ady) {                mDragHelper.cancel();                return false;            }        }    }    return mDragHelper.shouldInterceptTouchEvent(ev) || interceptTap;  }  @Override  public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {    mDragHelper.processTouchEvent(ev);    final int action = ev.getAction();      final float x = ev.getX();      final float y = ev.getY();      boolean isHeaderViewUnder = mDragHelper.isViewUnder(mHeaderView, (int) x, (int) y);      switch (action & MotionEventCompat.ACTION_MASK) {        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {            mInitialMotionX = x;            mInitialMotionY = y;            break;        }        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {            final float dx = x - mInitialMotionX;            final float dy = y - mInitialMotionY;            final int slop = mDragHelper.getTouchSlop();            if (dx * dx + dy * dy < slop * slop && isHeaderViewUnder) {                if (mDragOffset == 0) {                    smoothSlideTo(1f);                } else {                    smoothSlideTo(0f);                }            }            break;        }    }    return isHeaderViewUnder && isViewHit(mHeaderView, (int) x, (int) y) || isViewHit(mDescView, (int) x, (int) y);  }  private boolean isViewHit(View view, int x, int y) {      int[] viewLocation = new int[2];      view.getLocationOnScreen(viewLocation);      int[] parentLocation = new int[2];      this.getLocationOnScreen(parentLocation);      int screenX = parentLocation[0] + x;      int screenY = parentLocation[1] + y;      return screenX >= viewLocation[0] && screenX < viewLocation[0] + view.getWidth() &&              screenY >= viewLocation[1] && screenY < viewLocation[1] + view.getHeight();  }  @Override  protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {      measureChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);      int maxWidth = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);      int maxHeight = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);      setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, 0),              resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec, 0));  }  @Override  protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {    mDragRange = getHeight() - mHeaderView.getHeight();      mHeaderView.layout(              0,              mTop,              r,              mTop + mHeaderView.getMeasuredHeight());      mDescView.layout(              0,              mTop + mHeaderView.getMeasuredHeight(),              r,              mTop  + b);  }</code></pre>    <p>页面引用xml</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java"><FrameLayout          xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"          android:layout_width="match_parent"          android:layout_height="match_parent">      <ListView              android:id="@+id/listView"              android:layout_width="match_parent"              android:layout_height="match_parent"              android:tag="list"              />      <com.example.vdh.油TubeLayout              android:layout_width="match_parent"              android:layout_height="match_parent"              android:id="@+id/油TubeLayout"              android:orientation="vertical"              android:visibility="visible">          <TextView                  android:id="@+id/viewHeader"                  android:layout_width="match_parent"                  android:layout_height="128dp"                  android:fontFamily="sans-serif-thin"                  android:textSize="25sp"                  android:tag="text"                  android:gravity="center"                  android:textColor="@android:color/white"                  android:background="#AD78CC"/>          <TextView                  android:id="@+id/viewDesc"                  android:tag="desc"                  android:textSize="35sp"                  android:gravity="center"                  android:text="Loreum Loreum"                  android:textColor="@android:color/white"                  android:layout_width="match_parent"                  android:layout_height="match_parent"                  android:background="#FF00FF"/>      </com.example.vdh.油TubeLayout>  </FrameLayout></code></pre>    <p>其实就是两个子2View,ViewDragHelper的事件检测,然后回调里面的方法 进行页面的Onlayout,进而控制页面刷新等等。</p>    <p> </p>    <p>来自:http://blog.csdn.net/xiangzhihong8/article/details/54099277</p>    <p> </p>