ReactiveCocoa 中 RACSignal 是如何发送信号的

ws0zzg4569 8年前
   <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/93e9b71452b1f0fef86a3a26194a3d97.png"></p>    <p><strong>前言</strong></p>    <p>ReactiveCocoa 是一个(第一个?)将函数响应式编程范例带入Objective-C的开源库。ReactiveCocoa是由 Josh Abernathy 和 Justin Spahr-Summers 两位大神在对 GitHub for Mac 的开发过程中编写的。 Justin Spahr-Summers 大神在2011年11月13号下午12点35分进行的第一次提交,直到2013年2月13日上午3点05分发布了其 1.0 release ,达到了第一个重要里程碑。ReactiveCocoa社区也非常活跃,目前最新版已经完成了ReactiveCocoa 5.0.0-alpha.3,目前在5.0.0-alpha.4开发中。</p>    <p>ReactiveCocoa v2.5 是公认的Objective-C最稳定的版本,因此被广大的以OC为主要语言的客户端选中使用。ReactiveCocoa v3.x主要是基于Swift 1.2的版本,而ReactiveCocoa v4.x 主要基于Swift 2.x,ReactiveCocoa 5.0就全面支持Swift 3.0,也许还有以后的Swift 4.0。接下来几篇博客先以ReactiveCocoa v2.5版本为例子,分析一下OC版的RAC具体实现(也许分析完了RAC 5.0就到来了)。也算是写在ReactiveCocoa 5.0正式版到来前夕的祝福吧。</p>    <p><strong>目录</strong></p>    <ul>     <li>1.什么是ReactiveCocoa?</li>     <li>2.RAC中的核心RACSignal发送与订阅流程</li>     <li>3.RACSignal操作的核心bind实现</li>     <li>4.RACSignal基本操作concat和zipWith实现</li>     <li>5.最后</li>    </ul>    <h3><strong>一. 什么是ReactiveCocoa?</strong></h3>    <p>ReactiveCocoa (其简称为RAC)是由 Github 开源的一个应用于iOS和OS X开发的新框架。RAC具有函数式编程(FP)和响应式编程(RP)的特性。它主要吸取了.Net的 Reactive Extensions 的设计和实现。</p>    <p>ReactiveCocoa 的宗旨是Streams of values over time ,随着时间变化而不断流动的数据流。</p>    <p>ReactiveCocoa 主要解决了以下这些问题:</p>    <ul>     <li> <p>UI数据绑定</p> </li>    </ul>    <p>UI控件通常需要绑定一个事件,RAC可以很方便的绑定任何数据流到控件上。</p>    <ul>     <li> <p>用户交互事件绑定</p> </li>    </ul>    <p>RAC为可交互的UI控件提供了一系列能发送Signal信号的方法。这些数据流会在用户交互中相互传递。</p>    <ul>     <li> <p>解决状态以及状态之间依赖过多的问题</p> </li>    </ul>    <p>有了RAC的绑定之后,可以不用在关心各种复杂的状态,isSelect,isFinish……也解决了这些状态在后期很难维护的问题。</p>    <ul>     <li> <p>消息传递机制的大统一</p> </li>    </ul>    <p>OC中编程原来消息传递机制有以下几种:Delegate,Block Callback,Target-Action,Timers,KVO,objc上有一篇关于OC中这5种消息传递方式改如何选择的文章 Communication Patterns ,推荐大家阅读。现在有了RAC之后,以上这5种方式都可以统一用RAC来处理。</p>    <h3><strong>二. RAC中的核心RACSignal</strong></h3>    <p>ReactiveCocoa 中最核心的概念之一就是信号RACStream。RACRACStream中有两个子类——RACSignal 和 RACSequence。本文先来分析RACSignal。</p>    <p>我们会经常看到以下的代码:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal:                       ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber)  {      [subscriber sendNext:@1];      [subscriber sendNext:@2];      [subscriber sendNext:@3];      [subscriber sendCompleted];      return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{          NSLog(@"signal dispose");      }];  }];  RACDisposable *disposable = [signal subscribeNext:^(id x) {      NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x);  } error:^(NSError *error) {      NSLog(@"error: %@", error);  } completed:^{      NSLog(@"completed");  }];    [disposable dispose];</code></pre>    <p>这是一个RACSignal被订阅的完整过程。被订阅的过程中,究竟发生了什么?</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">+ (RACSignal *)createSignal:(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe {   return [RACDynamicSignal createSignal:didSubscribe];  }</code></pre>    <p>RACSignal调用createSignal的时候,会调用RACDynamicSignal的createSignal的方法。</p>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/e933c77e9b99f2fca4891b286ff0fcd2.jpg"></p>    <p>RACDynamicSignal是RACSignal的子类。createSignal后面的参数是一个block。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe</code></pre>    <p>block的返回值是RACDisposable类型,block名叫didSubscribe。block的唯一一个参数是id<RACSubscriber>类型的subscriber,这个subscriber是必须遵循RACSubscriber协议的。</p>    <p>RACSubscriber是一个协议,其下有以下4个协议方法:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">@protocol RACSubscriber <NSObject>  @required    - (void)sendNext:(id)value;  - (void)sendError:(NSError *)error;  - (void)sendCompleted;  - (void)didSubscribeWithDisposable:(RACCompoundDisposable *)disposable;    @end</code></pre>    <p>所以新建Signal的任务就全部落在了RACSignal的子类RACDynamicSignal上了。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACDynamicSignal ()  // The block to invoke for each subscriber.  @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) RACDisposable * (^didSubscribe)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber);  @end</code></pre>    <p>RACDynamicSignal这个类很简单,里面就保存了一个名字叫didSubscribe的block。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">+ (RACSignal *)createSignal:(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe {       RACDynamicSignal *signal = [[self alloc] init];       signal->_didSubscribe = [didSubscribe copy];       return [signal setNameWithFormat:@"+createSignal:"];  }</code></pre>    <p>这个方法中新建了一个RACDynamicSignal对象signal,并把传进来的didSubscribe这个block保存进刚刚新建对象signal里面的didSubscribe属性中。最后再给signal命名+createSignal:。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (instancetype)setNameWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... {   if (getenv("RAC_DEBUG_SIGNAL_NAMES") == NULL) return self;       NSCParameterAssert(format != nil);       va_list args;     va_start(args, format);       NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:args];     va_end(args);       self.name = str;     return self;  }</code></pre>    <p>setNameWithFormat是RACStream里面的方法,由于RACDynamicSignal继承自RACSignal,所以它也能调用这个方法。</p>    <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/76007a6a739ba23a1fc5de3cabbf4590.jpg"></p>    <p>RACSignal的block就这样被保存起来了,那什么时候会被执行呢?</p>    <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/fef6d13e5f35b7b91531880633e86755.png"></p>    <p>block闭包在订阅的时候才会被“释放”出来。</p>    <p>RACSignal调用subscribeNext方法,返回一个RACDisposable。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACDisposable *)subscribeNext:(void (^)(id x))nextBlock error:(void (^)(NSError *error))errorBlock completed:(void (^)(void))completedBlock {     NSCParameterAssert(nextBlock != NULL);     NSCParameterAssert(errorBlock != NULL);     NSCParameterAssert(completedBlock != NULL);       RACSubscriber *o = [RACSubscriber subscriberWithNext:nextBlock error:errorBlock completed:completedBlock];     return [self subscribe:o];  }</code></pre>    <p>在这个方法中会新建一个RACSubscriber对象,并传入nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACSubscriber ()    // These callbacks should only be accessed while synchronized on self.  @property (nonatomic, copy) void (^next)(id value);  @property (nonatomic, copy) void (^error)(NSError *error);  @property (nonatomic, copy) void (^completed)(void);  @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) RACCompoundDisposable *disposable;    @end</code></pre>    <p>RACSubscriber这个类很简单,里面只有4个属性,分别是nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock和一个RACCompoundDisposable信号。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">+ (instancetype)subscriberWithNext:(void (^)(id x))next error:(void (^)(NSError *error))error completed:(void (^)(void))completed {   RACSubscriber *subscriber = [[self alloc] init];       subscriber->_next = [next copy];     subscriber->_error = [error copy];     subscriber->_completed = [completed copy];       return subscriber;  }</code></pre>    <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/749e08f2a3bb92833be1df941c9928c1.jpg"></p>    <p>subscriberWithNext方法把传入的3个block都保存分别保存到自己对应的block中。</p>    <p>RACSignal调用subscribeNext方法,最后return的时候,会调用[self subscribe:o],这里实际是调用了RACDynamicSignal类里面的subscribe方法。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACDisposable *)subscribe:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber {   NSCParameterAssert(subscriber != nil);       RACCompoundDisposable *disposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable];     subscriber = [[RACPassthroughSubscriber alloc] initWithSubscriber:subscriber signal:self disposable:disposable];       if (self.didSubscribe != NULL) {        RACDisposable *schedulingDisposable = [RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler schedule:^{        RACDisposable *innerDisposable = self.didSubscribe(subscriber);        [disposable addDisposable:innerDisposable];    }];        [disposable addDisposable:schedulingDisposable];   }     return disposable;  }</code></pre>    <p>RACDisposable有3个子类,其中一个就是RACCompoundDisposable。</p>    <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/ffe0693da69c5668ba892fb2b913dd4e.jpg"></p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACCompoundDisposable : RACDisposable  + (instancetype)compoundDisposable;  + (instancetype)compoundDisposableWithDisposables:(NSArray *)disposables;  - (void)addDisposable:(RACDisposable *)disposable;  - (void)removeDisposable:(RACDisposable *)disposable;  @end</code></pre>    <p>RACCompoundDisposable虽然是RACDisposable的子类,但是它里面可以加入多个RACDisposable对象,在必要的时候可以一口气都调用dispose方法来销毁信号。当RACCompoundDisposable对象被dispose的时候,也会自动dispose容器内的所有RACDisposable对象。</p>    <p>RACPassthroughSubscriber是一个私有的类。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACPassthroughSubscriber : NSObject <RACSubscriber>  @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) id<RACSubscriber> innerSubscriber;  @property (nonatomic, unsafe_unretained, readonly) RACSignal *signal;  @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) RACCompoundDisposable *disposable;  - (instancetype)initWithSubscriber:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber signal:(RACSignal *)signal disposable:(RACCompoundDisposable *)disposable;  @end</code></pre>    <p>RACPassthroughSubscriber类就只有这一个方法。目的就是为了把所有的信号事件从一个订阅者subscriber传递给另一个还没有disposed的订阅者subscriber。</p>    <p>RACPassthroughSubscriber类中保存了3个非常重要的对象,RACSubscriber,RACSignal,RACCompoundDisposable。RACSubscriber是待转发的信号的订阅者subscriber。RACCompoundDisposable是订阅者的销毁对象,一旦它被disposed了,innerSubscriber就再也接受不到事件流了。</p>    <p>这里需要注意的是内部还保存了一个RACSignal,并且它的属性是unsafe_unretained。这里和其他两个属性有区别, 其他两个属性都是strong的。这里之所以不是weak,是因为引用RACSignal仅仅只是一个DTrace probes动态跟踪技术的探针。如果设置成weak,会造成没必要的性能损失。所以这里仅仅是unsafe_unretained就够了。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (instancetype)initWithSubscriber:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber signal:(RACSignal *)signal disposable:(RACCompoundDisposable *)disposable {     NSCParameterAssert(subscriber != nil);       self = [super init];     if (self == nil) return nil;       _innerSubscriber = subscriber;     _signal = signal;     _disposable = disposable;       [self.innerSubscriber didSubscribeWithDisposable:self.disposable];     return self;  }</code></pre>    <p>回到RACDynamicSignal类里面的subscribe方法中,现在新建好了RACCompoundDisposable和RACPassthroughSubscriber对象了。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">if (self.didSubscribe != NULL) {    RACDisposable *schedulingDisposable = [RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler schedule:^{     RACDisposable *innerDisposable = self.didSubscribe(subscriber);     [disposable addDisposable:innerDisposable];    }];      [disposable addDisposable:schedulingDisposable];   }</code></pre>    <p>RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler是一个全局的单例。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">+ (instancetype)subscriptionScheduler {     static dispatch_once_t onceToken;     static RACScheduler *subscriptionScheduler;     dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{      subscriptionScheduler = [[RACSubscriptionScheduler alloc] init];     });       return subscriptionScheduler;  }</code></pre>    <p>RACScheduler再继续调用schedule方法。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACDisposable *)schedule:(void (^)(void))block {     NSCParameterAssert(block != NULL);     if (RACScheduler.currentScheduler == nil) return [self.backgroundScheduler schedule:block];     block();     return nil;  }</code></pre>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">+ (BOOL)isOnMainThread {   return [NSOperationQueue.currentQueue isEqual:NSOperationQueue.mainQueue] || [NSThread isMainThread];  }    + (instancetype)currentScheduler {   RACScheduler *scheduler = NSThread.currentThread.threadDictionary[RACSchedulerCurrentSchedulerKey];   if (scheduler != nil) return scheduler;   if ([self.class isOnMainThread]) return RACScheduler.mainThreadScheduler;     return nil;  }</code></pre>    <p>在取currentScheduler的过程中,会判断currentScheduler是否存在,和是否在主线程中。如果都没有,那么就会调用后台backgroundScheduler去执行schedule。</p>    <p>schedule的入参就是一个block,执行schedule的时候会去执行block。也就是会去执行:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">RACDisposable *innerDisposable = self.didSubscribe(subscriber);     [disposable addDisposable:innerDisposable];</code></pre>    <p>这两句关键的语句。之前信号里面保存的block就会在此处被“释放”执行。self.didSubscribe(subscriber)这一句就执行了信号保存的didSubscribe闭包。</p>    <p>在didSubscribe闭包中有sendNext,sendError,sendCompleted,执行这些语句会分别调用RACPassthroughSubscriber里面对应的方法。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)sendNext:(id)value {   if (self.disposable.disposed) return;   if (RACSIGNAL_NEXT_ENABLED()) {    RACSIGNAL_NEXT(cleanedSignalDescription(self.signal), cleanedDTraceString(self.innerSubscriber.description), cleanedDTraceString([value description]));   }   [self.innerSubscriber sendNext:value];  }    - (void)sendError:(NSError *)error {   if (self.disposable.disposed) return;   if (RACSIGNAL_ERROR_ENABLED()) {    RACSIGNAL_ERROR(cleanedSignalDescription(self.signal), cleanedDTraceString(self.innerSubscriber.description), cleanedDTraceString(error.description));   }   [self.innerSubscriber sendError:error];  }    - (void)sendCompleted {   if (self.disposable.disposed) return;   if (RACSIGNAL_COMPLETED_ENABLED()) {    RACSIGNAL_COMPLETED(cleanedSignalDescription(self.signal), cleanedDTraceString(self.innerSubscriber.description));   }   [self.innerSubscriber sendCompleted];  }</code></pre>    <p>这个时候的订阅者是RACPassthroughSubscriber。RACPassthroughSubscriber里面的innerSubscriber才是最终的实际订阅者,RACPassthroughSubscriber会把值再继续传递给innerSubscriber。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)sendNext:(id)value {   @synchronized (self) {    void (^nextBlock)(id) = [self.next copy];    if (nextBlock == nil) return;      nextBlock(value);   }  }    - (void)sendError:(NSError *)e {   @synchronized (self) {    void (^errorBlock)(NSError *) = [self.error copy];    [self.disposable dispose];      if (errorBlock == nil) return;    errorBlock(e);   }  }    - (void)sendCompleted {   @synchronized (self) {    void (^completedBlock)(void) = [self.completed copy];    [self.disposable dispose];      if (completedBlock == nil) return;    completedBlock();   }  }</code></pre>    <p>innerSubscriber是RACSubscriber,调用sendNext的时候会先把自己的self.next闭包copy一份,再调用,而且整个过程还是线程安全的,用@synchronized保护着。最终订阅者的闭包在这里被调用。</p>    <p>sendError和sendCompleted也都是同理。</p>    <p>总结一下:</p>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/7181defb7226e220761a5db2990f9af4.png"></p>    <ol>     <li>RACSignal调用subscribeNext方法,新建一个RACSubscriber。</li>     <li>新建的RACSubscriber会copy,nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock存在自己的属性变量中。</li>     <li>RACSignal的子类RACDynamicSignal调用subscribe方法。</li>     <li>新建RACCompoundDisposable和RACPassthroughSubscriber对象。RACPassthroughSubscriber分别保存对RACSignal,RACSubscriber,RACCompoundDisposable的引用,注意对RACSignal的引用是unsafe_unretained的。</li>     <li>RACDynamicSignal调用didSubscribe闭包。先调用RACPassthroughSubscriber的相应的sendNext,sendError,sendCompleted方法。</li>     <li>RACPassthroughSubscriber再去调用self.innerSubscriber,即RACSubscriber的nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock。注意这里调用同样是先copy一份,再调用闭包执行。</li>    </ol>    <h3><strong>三. RACSignal操作的核心bind实现</strong></h3>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/4a1f5775165ae35b15ac2594ab6ed579.jpg"></p>    <p>在RACSignal的源码里面包含了两个基本操作,concat和zipWith。不过在分析这两个操作之前,先来分析一下更加核心的一个函数,bind操作。</p>    <p>先来说说bind函数的作用:</p>    <ol>     <li>会订阅原始的信号。</li>     <li>任何时刻原始信号发送一个值,都会绑定的block转换一次。</li>     <li>一旦绑定的block转换了值变成信号,就立即订阅,并把值发给订阅者subscriber。</li>     <li>一旦绑定的block要终止绑定,原始的信号就complete。</li>     <li>当所有的信号都complete,发送completed信号给订阅者subscriber。</li>     <li>如果中途信号出现了任何error,都要把这个错误发送给subscriber</li>    </ol>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACSignal *)bind:(RACStreamBindBlock (^)(void))block {   NSCParameterAssert(block != NULL);     return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {    RACStreamBindBlock bindingBlock = block();      NSMutableArray *signals = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:self];      RACCompoundDisposable *compoundDisposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable];      void (^completeSignal)(RACSignal *, RACDisposable *) = ^(RACSignal *signal, RACDisposable *finishedDisposable) { /*这里暂时省略*/ };    void (^addSignal)(RACSignal *) = ^(RACSignal *signal) { /*这里暂时省略*/ };      @autoreleasepool {     RACSerialDisposable *selfDisposable = [[RACSerialDisposable alloc] init];     [compoundDisposable addDisposable:selfDisposable];       RACDisposable *bindingDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) {      // Manually check disposal to handle synchronous errors.      if (compoundDisposable.disposed) return;        BOOL stop = NO;      id signal = bindingBlock(x, &stop);        @autoreleasepool {       if (signal != nil) addSignal(signal);       if (signal == nil || stop) {        [selfDisposable dispose];        completeSignal(self, selfDisposable);       }      }     } error:^(NSError *error) {      [compoundDisposable dispose];      [subscriber sendError:error];     } completed:^{      @autoreleasepool {       completeSignal(self, selfDisposable);      }     }];       selfDisposable.disposable = bindingDisposable;    }      return compoundDisposable;   }] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -bind:", self.name];  }</code></pre>    <p>为了弄清楚bind函数究竟做了什么,写出测试代码:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal:                           ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber)      {          [subscriber sendNext:@1];          [subscriber sendNext:@2];          [subscriber sendNext:@3];          [subscriber sendCompleted];          return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{              NSLog(@"signal dispose");          }];      }];        RACSignal *bindSignal = [signal bind:^RACStreamBindBlock{          return ^RACSignal *(NSNumber *value, BOOL *stop){              value = @(value.integerValue * 2);              return [RACSignal return:value];          };      }];        [bindSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) {          NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x);      }];</code></pre>    <p>由于前面第一章节详细讲解了RACSignal的创建和订阅的全过程,这个也为了方法讲解,创建RACDynamicSignal,RACCompoundDisposable,RACPassthroughSubscriber这些都略过,这里着重分析一下bind的各个闭包传递创建和订阅的过程。</p>    <p>为了防止接下来的分析会让读者看晕,这里先把要用到的block进行编号。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal:                           ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber)      {          // block 1      }        RACSignal *bindSignal = [signal bind:^RACStreamBindBlock{          // block 2          return ^RACSignal *(NSNumber *value, BOOL *stop){              // block 3          };      }];        [bindSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) {          // block 4      }];    - (RACSignal *)bind:(RACStreamBindBlock (^)(void))block {          // block 5      return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {          // block 6          RACStreamBindBlock bindingBlock = block();          NSMutableArray *signals = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:self];            void (^completeSignal)(RACSignal *, RACDisposable *) = ^(RACSignal *signal, RACDisposable *finishedDisposable) {          // block 7          };            void (^addSignal)(RACSignal *) = ^(RACSignal *signal) {          // block 8              RACDisposable *disposable = [signal subscribeNext:^(id x) {              // block 9              }];          };            @autoreleasepool {              RACDisposable *bindingDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) {                  // block 10                  id signal = bindingBlock(x, &stop);                    @autoreleasepool {                      if (signal != nil) addSignal(signal);                      if (signal == nil || stop) {                          [selfDisposable dispose];                          completeSignal(self, selfDisposable);                      }                  }              } error:^(NSError *error) {                  [compoundDisposable dispose];                  [subscriber sendError:error];              } completed:^{                  @autoreleasepool {                      completeSignal(self, selfDisposable);                  }              }];          }          return compoundDisposable;      }] ;  }</code></pre>    <p>先创建信号signal,didSubscribe把block1 copy保存起来。</p>    <p>当信号调用bind进行绑定,会调用block5,didSubscribe把block6 copy保存起来。</p>    <p>当订阅者开始订阅bindSignal的时候,流程如下:</p>    <ol>     <li>bindSignal执行didSubscribe的block,即执行block6。</li>     <li>在block6 的第一句代码,就是调用RACStreamBindBlock bindingBlock = block(),这里的block是外面传进来的block2,于是开始调用block2。执行完block2,会返回一个RACStreamBindBlock的对象。</li>     <li>由于是signal调用的bind函数,所以bind函数里面的self就是signal,在bind内部订阅了signal的信号。subscribeNext所以会执行block1。</li>     <li>执行block1,sendNext调用订阅者subscriber的nextBlock,于是开始执行block10。</li>     <li>block10中会先调用bindingBlock,这个是之前调用block2的返回值,这个RACStreamBindBlock对象里面保存的是block3。所以开始调用block3。</li>     <li>在block3中入参是一个value,这个value是signal中sendNext中发出来的value的值,在block3中可以对value进行变换,变换完成后,返回一个新的信号signal'。</li>     <li>如果返回的signal'为空,则会调用completeSignal,即调用block7。block7中会发送sendCompleted。如果返回的signal'不为空,则会调用addSignal,即调用block8。block8中会继续订阅signal'。执行block9。</li>     <li>block9 中会sendNext,这里的subscriber是block6的入参,于是对subscriber调用sendNext,会调用到bindSignal的订阅者的block4中。</li>     <li>block9 中执行完sendNext,还会调用sendCompleted。这里的是在执行block9里面的completed闭包。completeSignal(signal, selfDisposable);然后又会调用completeSignal,即block7。</li>     <li>执行完block7,就完成了一次从signal 发送信号sendNext的全过程。</li>    </ol>    <p>bind整个流程就完成了。</p>    <h3><strong>四. RACSignal基本操作concat和zipWith实现</strong></h3>    <p>接下来再来分析RACSignal中另外2个基本操作。</p>    <p><strong>1. concat</strong></p>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/7c98f6932f2ff38a7555b21fd849d0ef.png"></p>    <p>写出测试代码:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal:                           ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber)      {          [subscriber sendNext:@1];          [subscriber sendCompleted];          return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{              NSLog(@"signal dispose");          }];      }];          RACSignal *signals = [RACSignal createSignal:                           ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber)      {          [subscriber sendNext:@2];          [subscriber sendNext:@3];          [subscriber sendNext:@6];          [subscriber sendCompleted];          return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{              NSLog(@"signal dispose");          }];      }];        RACSignal *concatSignal = [signal concat:signals];        [concatSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) {          NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x);      }];</code></pre>    <p>concat操作就是把两个信号合并起来。注意合并有先后顺序。</p>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/1a8f6a71e69cf97056fc8a4158e33e51.jpg"></p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACSignal *)concat:(RACSignal *)signal {     return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {      RACSerialDisposable *serialDisposable = [[RACSerialDisposable alloc] init];        RACDisposable *sourceDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) {       // 发送第一个信号的值       [subscriber sendNext:x];      } error:^(NSError *error) {       [subscriber sendError:error];      } completed:^{       // 订阅第二个信号       RACDisposable *concattedDisposable = [signal subscribe:subscriber];       serialDisposable.disposable = concattedDisposable;    }];        serialDisposable.disposable = sourceDisposable;      return serialDisposable;   }] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -concat: %@", self.name, signal];  }</code></pre>    <p>合并前,signal和signals分别都把各自的didSubscribe保存copy起来。</p>    <p>合并之后,合并之后新的信号的didSubscribe会把block保存copy起来。</p>    <p>当合并之后的信号被订阅的时候:</p>    <ol>     <li>调用新的合并信号的didSubscribe。</li>     <li>由于是第一个信号调用的concat方法,所以block中的self是前一个信号signal。合并信号的didSubscribe会先订阅signal。</li>     <li>由于订阅了signal,于是开始执行signal的didSubscribe,sendNext,sendError。</li>     <li>当前一个信号signal发送sendCompleted之后,就会开始订阅后一个信号signals,调用signals的didSubscribe。</li>     <li>由于订阅了后一个信号,于是后一个信号signals开始发送sendNext,sendError,sendCompleted。</li>    </ol>    <p>这样两个信号就前后有序的拼接到了一起。</p>    <p>这里有一点需要注意的是,两个信号concat在一起之后,新的信号的结束信号在第二个信号结束的时候才结束。看上图描述,新的信号的发送长度等于前面两个信号长度之和,concat之后的新信号的结束信号也就是第二个信号的结束信号。</p>    <p><strong>2. zipWith</strong></p>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/198a7994117324ed1bd602c81ba09687.jpg"></p>    <p>写出测试代码:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *concatSignal = [signal zipWith:signals];        [concatSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) {          NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x);      }];</code></pre>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/d7c52ed8469c6380f242b248371dc599.jpg"></p>    <p>源码如下:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACSignal *)zipWith:(RACSignal *)signal {      NSCParameterAssert(signal != nil);        return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {          __block BOOL selfCompleted = NO;          NSMutableArray *selfValues = [NSMutableArray array];            __block BOOL otherCompleted = NO;          NSMutableArray *otherValues = [NSMutableArray array];            void (^sendCompletedIfNecessary)(void) = ^{              @synchronized (selfValues) {                  BOOL selfEmpty = (selfCompleted && selfValues.count == 0);                  BOOL otherEmpty = (otherCompleted && otherValues.count == 0);                    // 如果任意一个信号完成并且数组里面空了,就整个信号算完成                  if (selfEmpty || otherEmpty) [subscriber sendCompleted];              }          };            void (^sendNext)(void) = ^{              @synchronized (selfValues) {                    // 数组里面的空了就返回。                  if (selfValues.count == 0) return;                  if (otherValues.count == 0) return;                    // 每次都取出两个数组里面的第0位的值,打包成元组                  RACTuple *tuple = RACTuplePack(selfValues[0], otherValues[0]);                  [selfValues removeObjectAtIndex:0];                  [otherValues removeObjectAtIndex:0];                    // 把元组发送出去                  [subscriber sendNext:tuple];                  sendCompletedIfNecessary();              }          };            // 订阅第一个信号          RACDisposable *selfDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) {              @synchronized (selfValues) {                    // 把第一个信号的值加入到数组中                  [selfValues addObject:x ?: RACTupleNil.tupleNil];                  sendNext();              }          } error:^(NSError *error) {              [subscriber sendError:error];          } completed:^{              @synchronized (selfValues) {                    // 订阅完成时判断是否要发送完成信号                  selfCompleted = YES;                  sendCompletedIfNecessary();              }          }];            // 订阅第二个信号          RACDisposable *otherDisposable = [signal subscribeNext:^(id x) {              @synchronized (selfValues) {                    // 把第二个信号加入到数组中                  [otherValues addObject:x ?: RACTupleNil.tupleNil];                  sendNext();              }          } error:^(NSError *error) {              [subscriber sendError:error];          } completed:^{              @synchronized (selfValues) {                    // 订阅完成时判断是否要发送完成信号                  otherCompleted = YES;                  sendCompletedIfNecessary();              }          }];            return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{                // 销毁两个信号              [selfDisposable dispose];              [otherDisposable dispose];          }];      }] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -zipWith: %@", self.name, signal];  }</code></pre>    <p>当把两个信号通过zipWith之后,就像上面的那张图一样,拉链的两边被中间的拉索拉到了一起。既然是拉链,那么一一的位置是有对应的,上面的拉链第一个位置只能对着下面拉链第一个位置,这样拉链才能拉到一起去。</p>    <p>具体实现:</p>    <p>zipWith里面有两个数组,分别会存储两个信号的值。</p>    <ol>     <li>一旦订阅了zipWith之后的信号,就开始执行didSubscribe闭包。</li>     <li>在闭包中会先订阅第一个信号。这里假设第一个信号比第二个信号先发出一个值。第一个信号发出来的每一个值都会被加入到第一个数组中保存起来,然后调用sendNext( )闭包。在sendNext( )闭包中,会先判断两个数组里面是否都为空,如果有一个数组里面是空的,就return。由于第二个信号还没有发送值,即第二个信号的数组里面是空的,所以这里第一个值发送不出来。于是第一个信号被订阅之后,发送的值存储到了第一个数组里面了,没有发出去。</li>     <li>第二个信号的值紧接着发出来了,第二个信号每发送一次值,也会存储到第二个数组中,但是这个时候再调用sendNext( )闭包的时候,不会再return了,因为两个数组里面都有值了,两个数组的第0号位置都有一个值了。有值以后就打包成元组RACTuple发送出去。并清空两个数组0号位置存储的值。</li>     <li>以后两个信号每次发送一个,就先存储在数组中,只要有“配对”的另一个信号,就一起打包成元组RACTuple发送出去。从图中也可以看出,zipWith之后的新信号,每个信号的发送时刻是等于两个信号最晚发出信号的时刻。</li>     <li>新信号的完成时间,是当两者任意一个信号完成并且数组里面为空,就算完成了。所以最后第一个信号发送的5的那个值就被丢弃了。</li>    </ol>    <p>第一个信号依次发送的1,2,3,4的值和第二个信号依次发送的A,B,C,D的值,一一的合在了一起,就像拉链把他们拉在一起。由于5没法配对,所以拉链也拉不上了。</p>    <h3><strong>五. 最后</strong></h3>    <p>本来这篇文章想把Map,combineLatest,flattenMap,flatten这些也一起分析了,但是后来看到RACSingnal的操作实在有点多,于是按照源码的文件分开了,这里先把RACSignal文件里面的操作都分析完了。RACSignal文件里面的操作主要就bind,concat和zipWith三个操作。下一篇再分析分析RACSignal+Operations文件里面的所有操作。</p>    <p>请大家多多指教。</p>    <p> </p>    <p>来自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/d7d951a99db8</p>    <p> </p>