Android 5.1 WebView内存泄漏分析
MalloryHarr
8年前
<h2><strong>背景</strong></h2> <p> Android 5.1 系统上,在项目中遇到一个WebView引起的问题,每打开一个带webview的界面,退出后,这个activity都不会被释放,activity的实例会被持有,由于我们项目中经常会用到浏览web页面的地方,可能引起内存积压,导致内存溢出的现象,所以这个问题还是比较严重的。</p> <h3><strong>问题分析</strong></h3> <p>使用Android Studio的内存monitor,得到了以下的内存分析,我打开了三个BookDetailActivity界面(都有webview),检查结果显示有3个activity泄漏,如下图所示:</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/77139e84731fbb278ebf06bc1ab96b80.png"></p> <p style="text-align:center">2016-08-19-memory-leak-1.png</p> <p>这个问题还是比较严重的,那么进一步看详细的信息,找出到底是哪里引起的内存泄漏,详情的reference tree如下图所示:</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/27b7994c81f9b6743da781d331560050.png"></p> <p style="text-align:center">2016-08-19-memory-leak-2.png</p> <p>从上图中可以看出,在第1层中的 TBReaderApplication 中的 <em>mComponentCallbacks</em> 成员变量,它是一个array list,它里面会持有住activity,引导关系是 mComponentCallbacks->AwContents->BaseWebView->BookDetailActivity , 代码在 Application 类里面,代码如下所示:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void registerComponentCallbacks(ComponentCallbacks callback) { synchronized (mComponentCallbacks) { mComponentCallbacks.add(callback); } } public void unregisterComponentCallbacks(ComponentCallbacks callback) { synchronized (mComponentCallbacks) { mComponentCallbacks.remove(callback); } }</code></pre> <p>上面两个方法,会在 Context 基类中被调用,代码如下:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">/** * Add a new {@link ComponentCallbacks} to the base application of the * Context, which will be called at the same times as the ComponentCallbacks * methods of activities and other components are called. Note that you * <em>must</em> be sure to use {@link #unregisterComponentCallbacks} when * appropriate in the future; this will not be removed for you. * * @param callback The interface to call. This can be either a * {@link ComponentCallbacks} or {@link ComponentCallbacks2} interface. */ public void registerComponentCallbacks(ComponentCallbacks callback) { getApplicationContext().registerComponentCallbacks(callback); } /** * Remove a {@link ComponentCallbacks} object that was previously registered * with {@link #registerComponentCallbacks(ComponentCallbacks)}. */ public void unregisterComponentCallbacks(ComponentCallbacks callback) { getApplicationContext().unregisterComponentCallbacks(callback); }</code></pre> <p>从第二张图我们已经知道,是webview引起的内存泄漏,而且能看到是在 org.chromium.android_webview.AwContents 类中,难道是这个类注册了component callbacks,但是未反注册?一般按系统设计,都会反注册的,最有可能的原因就是某些情况下导致不能正常反注册,不多说,read the fucking source。基于这个思路,我把chromium的源码下载下来,代码在这里 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959721119831916175" rel="nofollow,noindex">chromium_org</a></p> <p>然后找到 org.chromium.android_webview.AwContents 类,看看这两个方法 onAttachedToWindow 和 onDetachedFromWindow :</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public void onAttachedToWindow() { if (isDestroyed()) return; if (mIsAttachedToWindow) { Log.w(TAG, "onAttachedToWindow called when already attached. Ignoring"); return; } mIsAttachedToWindow = true; mContentViewCore.onAttachedToWindow(); nativeOnAttachedToWindow(mNativeAwContents, mContainerView.getWidth(), mContainerView.getHeight()); updateHardwareAcceleratedFeaturesToggle(); if (mComponentCallbacks != null) return; mComponentCallbacks = new AwComponentCallbacks(); mContext.registerComponentCallbacks(mComponentCallbacks); } @Override public void onDetachedFromWindow() { if (isDestroyed()) return; if (!mIsAttachedToWindow) { Log.w(TAG, "onDetachedFromWindow called when already detached. Ignoring"); return; } mIsAttachedToWindow = false; hideAutofillPopup(); nativeOnDetachedFromWindow(mNativeAwContents); mContentViewCore.onDetachedFromWindow(); updateHardwareAcceleratedFeaturesToggle(); if (mComponentCallbacks != null) { mContext.unregisterComponentCallbacks(mComponentCallbacks); mComponentCallbacks = null; } mScrollAccessibilityHelper.removePostedCallbacks(); }</code></pre> <p>系统会在attach处detach进行注册和反注册component callback,注意到 <em>onDetachedFromWindow()</em> 方法的第一行, if (isDestroyed()) return; , 如果 <em>isDestroyed()</em> 返回 <em>true</em> 的话,那么后续的逻辑就不能正常走到,所以就不会执行unregister的操作,通过看代码,可以得到,调用主动调用 destroy() 方法,会导致 <em>isDestroyed()</em> 返回 <em>true</em> 。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">/** * Destroys this object and deletes its native counterpart. */ public void destroy() { if (isDestroyed()) return; // If we are attached, we have to call native detach to clean up // hardware resources. if (mIsAttachedToWindow) { nativeOnDetachedFromWindow(mNativeAwContents); } mIsDestroyed = true; new Handler().post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { destroyNatives(); } }); }</code></pre> <p>一般情况下,我们的activity退出的时候,都会主动调用 WebView.destroy() 方法,经过分析,destroy()的执行时间在onDetachedFromWindow之前,所以就会导致不能正常进行unregister()。</p> <h3><strong>解决方案</strong></h3> <p>找到了原因后,解决方案也比较简单,核心思路就是让onDetachedFromWindow先走,那么在主动调用之前destroy(),把webview从它的parent上面移除掉。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">ViewParent parent = mWebView.getParent(); if (parent != null) { ((ViewGroup) parent).removeView(mWebView); } mWebView.destroy();</code></pre> <p>完整的代码如下:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void destroy() { if (mWebView != null) { // 如果先调用destroy()方法,则会命中if (isDestroyed()) return;这一行代码,需要先onDetachedFromWindow(),再 // destory() ViewParent parent = mWebView.getParent(); if (parent != null) { ((ViewGroup) parent).removeView(mWebView); } mWebView.stopLoading(); // 退出时调用此方法,移除绑定的服务,否则某些特定系统会报错 mWebView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(false); mWebView.clearHistory(); mWebView.clearView(); mWebView.removeAllViews(); try { mWebView.destroy(); } catch (Throwable ex) { } } }</code></pre> <h3><strong>Android 5.1之前的代码</strong></h3> <p>对比了5.1之前的代码,它是不会存在这样的问题的,以下是kitkat的代码,它少了一行 if (isDestroyed()) return; ,有点不明白,为什么google在高版本把这一行代码加上。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">/** * @see android.view.View#onDetachedFromWindow() */ public void onDetachedFromWindow() { mIsAttachedToWindow = false; hideAutofillPopup(); if (mNativeAwContents != 0) { nativeOnDetachedFromWindow(mNativeAwContents); } mContentViewCore.onDetachedFromWindow(); if (mComponentCallbacks != null) { mContainerView.getContext().unregisterComponentCallbacks(mComponentCallbacks); mComponentCallbacks = null; } if (mPendingDetachCleanupReferences != null) { for (int i = 0; i < mPendingDetachCleanupReferences.size(); ++i) { mPendingDetachCleanupReferences.get(i).cleanupNow(); } mPendingDetachCleanupReferences = null; } }</code></pre> <h3><strong>结束语</strong></h3> <p>在开发过程中,还发现一个支付宝SDK的内存问题,也是因为这个原因,具体的类是 com.alipay.sdk.app.H5PayActivity ,我们没办法,也想了一个不是办法的办法,在每个activity destroy时,去主动把 H5PayActivity 中的webview从它的parent中移除,但这个问题限制太多,不是特别好,但的确也能解决问题,方案如下:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">/** * 解决支付宝的 com.alipay.sdk.app.H5PayActivity 类引起的内存泄漏。 * * <p> * 说明:<br> * 这个方法是通过监听H5PayActivity生命周期,获得实例后,通过反射将webview拿出来,从 * 它的parent中移除。如果后续支付宝SDK官方修复了该问题,则我们不需要再做什么了,不管怎么 * 说,这个方案都是非常恶心的解决方案,非常不推荐。同时,如果更新了支付宝SDK后,那么内部被混淆 * 的字段名可能更改,所以该方案也无效了。 * </p> * * @param activity */ public static void resolveMemoryLeak(Activity activity) { if (activity == null) { return; } String className = activity.getClass().getCanonicalName(); if (TextUtils.equals(className, "com.alipay.sdk.app.H5PayActivity")) { Object object = Reflect.on(activity).get("a"); if (DEBUG) { LogUtils.e(TAG, "AlipayMemoryLeak.resolveMemoryLeak activity = " + className + ", field = " + object); } if (object instanceof WebView) { WebView webView = (WebView) object; ViewParent parent = webView.getParent(); if (parent instanceof ViewGroup) { ((ViewGroup) parent).removeView(webView); } } } }</code></pre> <p>以上是对发现的WebView内存泄漏的一个简单分析,权且记录一下。</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>来自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/eada9b652d99</p> <p> </p>