Android 高级自定义Toast及源码解析
neusoft1
8年前
<h2><strong>Toast概述</strong></h2> <h2><strong>Toast的作用</strong></h2> <p>不需要和用户交互的提示框。</p> <h2><strong>Toast的简单使用</strong></h2> <pre> <code class="language-java">Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this.getApplicationContext(),"沉迷学习,日渐消瘦",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()</code></pre> <h2><strong>自定义Toast</strong></h2> <pre> <code class="language-java">Toast customToast = new Toast(MainActivity.this.getApplicationContext()); View customView = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.custom_toast,null); ImageView img = (ImageView) customView.findViewById(R.id.img); TextView tv = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.tv); img.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.daima); tv.setText("沉迷学习,日渐消瘦"); customToast.setView(customView); customToast.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); customToast.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER,0,0); customToast.show();</code></pre> <p>布局文件中根元素为 LinearLayout ,垂直放入一个 ImageView 和一个 TextView 。代码就不贴了。</p> <h2><strong>高级自定义Toast</strong></h2> <p>产品狗的需求:点击一个 Button ,网络请求失败的情况下使用 Toast 的方式提醒用户。<br> 程序猿:ok~大笔一挥。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this.getApplicationContext(),"沉迷学习,日渐消瘦",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()</code></pre> <p>测试:你这程序写的有问题。每次点击就弹出了气泡,连续点击20次,居然花了一分多钟才显示完。改!<br> 程序猿:系统自带的就这样。爱要不要。<br> 测试:那我用单元测试模拟点击50次之后,它就不显示了,这个怎么说。<br> 程序猿:…<br> 这个时候,高级自定义 Toast 就要出场了~</p> <p>activity_main.xml —->上下两个按钮,略。</p> <p>MainActivity.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{ public static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; private Button customToastBtn; private Button singleToastBtn; private static int num; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); initClick(); performClick(100); } private void initView() { customToastBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.customToastBtn); singleToastBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.singleToastBtn); } private void initClick() { customToastBtn.setOnClickListener(this); singleToastBtn.setOnClickListener(this); } /** * 点击singleToastBtn按钮 * @param clickFrequency 点击的次数 */ private void performClick(int clickFrequency) { for (int i = 0; i < clickFrequency; i++){ singleToastBtn.performClick(); } } @Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()){ case R.id.customToastBtn: showCustomToast(); break; case R.id.singleToastBtn: showSingleToast(); break; default:break; } } private void showCustomToast() { Toast customToast = new Toast(MainActivity.this.getApplicationContext()); View customView = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.custom_toast,null); ImageView img = (ImageView) customView.findViewById(R.id.img); TextView tv = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.tv); img.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.daima); tv.setText("沉迷学习,日渐消瘦"); customToast.setView(customView); customToast.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); customToast.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER,0,0); customToast.show(); } private void showSingleToast() { Toast singleToast = SingleToast.getInstance(MainActivity.this.getApplicationContext()); View customView = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.custom_toast,null); ImageView img = (ImageView) customView.findViewById(R.id.img); TextView tv = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.tv); img.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.daima); tv.setText("沉迷学习,日渐消瘦 第"+num+++"遍 toast="+singleToast); singleToast.setView(customView); singleToast.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); singleToast.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER,0,0); singleToast.show(); } }</code></pre> <p>SingleToast.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class SingleToast { private static Toast mToast; /**双重锁定,使用同一个Toast实例*/ public static Toast getInstance(Context context){ if (mToast == null){ synchronized (SingleToast.class){ if (mToast == null){ mToast = new Toast(context); } } } return mToast; } }</code></pre> <p>那么有的同学会问了:你这样不就是加了个单例吗,好像也没有什么区别。区别大了。仅仅一个单例,既实现了产品狗的需求,又不会有单元测试快速点击50次的之后不显示的问题。为什么?Read The Fucking Source Code。</p> <h2><strong>Toast源码解析</strong></h2> <p>这里以 Toast.makeText().show 为例,一步步追寻这个过程中源码所做的工作。自定义 Toast 相当于自己做了 makeText() 方法的工作,道理是一样一样的,这里就不再分别讲述了~</p> <p>源码位置:frameworks/base/core/java/android/widght/Toast.java<br> Toast#makeText()</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, @Duration int duration) { // 获取Toast对象 Toast result = new Toast(context); LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); // 填充布局 View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null); TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message); tv.setText(text); // 设置View和duration属性 result.mNextView = v; result.mDuration = duration; return result; }</code></pre> <p>这里填充的布局 transient_notification.xml 位于frameworks/base/core/res/res/layout/transient_notification.xml。加分项,对于XML布局文件解析不太了解的同学可以看下这篇博客。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:background="?android:attr/toastFrameBackground"> <TextView android:id="@android:id/message" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Toast" android:textColor="@color/bright_foreground_dark" android:shadowColor="#BB000000" android:shadowRadius="2.75" /> </LinearLayout></code></pre> <p>可以发现,里面只有一个 TextView ,平日设置的文本内容就是在这里展示。接下来只有一个 show() 方法,似乎我们的源码解析到这里就快结束了。不,这只是个开始</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void show() { if (mNextView == null) { throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called"); } INotificationManager service = getService(); String pkg = mContext.getOpPackageName(); TN tn = mTN; tn.mNextView = mNextView; try { service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration); } catch (RemoteException e) { // Empty } }</code></pre> <p>这里有三个问题。<br> 1. 通过 getService() 怎么就获得一个 INotificationManager 对象?<br> 2. TN 类是个什么鬼?<br> 3. 方法最后只有一个 service.enqueueToast() ,显示和隐藏在哪里?</p> <p>Toast 的精华就在这三个问题里,接下来的内容全部围绕上述三个问题,尤其是第三个。已经全部了解的同学可以去看别的博客了~</p> <h2><strong>1. 通过 getService() 怎么就获得一个 INotificationManager 对象?</strong></h2> <pre> <code class="language-java">static private INotificationManager getService() { if (sService != null) { return sService; } sService = INotificationManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("notification")); return sService; }</code></pre> <p>对 Binder 机制了解的同学看见 XXX.Stub.asInterface 肯定会很熟悉,这不就是 AIDL 中获取 client 嘛!确实是这样。</p> <p>tips: 本着追本溯源的精神,先看下 ServiceManager.getService("notification") 。startOtherServices() 涉及到 NotificationManagerService 的启动,代码如下,这里不再赘述。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">mSystemServiceManager.startService(NotificationManagerService.class);</code></pre> <p>Toast 中 AIDL 对应文件的位置。</p> <p>源码位置:frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/INotificationManager.aidl</p> <p>Server 端: NotificationManagerService.java<br> 源码位置:frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/notification/NotificationManagerService.java</p> <p>篇幅有限,这里不可能将 AIDL 文件完整的叙述一遍,不了解的同学可以理解为:经过进程间通信( AIDL 方式),最后调用 NotificationManagerService#enqueueToast() 。具体可以看下这篇博客。</p> <h2><strong>2. TN 类是个什么鬼?</strong></h2> <p>在 Toast#makeText() 中第一行就获取了一个 Toast 对象</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public Toast(Context context) { mContext = context; mTN = new TN(); mTN.mY = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize( com.android.internal.R.dimen.toast_y_offset); mTN.mGravity = context.getResources().getInteger( com.android.internal.R.integer.config_toastDefaultGravity); }</code></pre> <p>源码位置:frameworks/base/core/java/android/widght/Toast$TN.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static class TN extends ITransientNotification.Stub { ... TN() { final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams; params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT; params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT; ... } ... }</code></pre> <p>源码中的进程间通信实在太多了,我不想说这方面的内容啊啊啊~。有时间专门再写一片博客。这里提前剧透下 TN 类除了设置参数的作用之外,更大的作用是 Toast 显示与隐藏的回调。 TN 类在这里作为 Server 端。 NotificationManagerService$NotificationListeners 类作为 client 端。这个暂且按下不提,下文会详细讲述。</p> <h2><strong>3. show() 方法最后只有一个 service.enqueueToast() ,显示和隐藏在哪里?</strong></h2> <p>源码位置:frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/notification/NotificationManagerService.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private final IBinder mService = new INotificationManager.Stub() { @Override public void enqueueToast(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback, int duration) { if (pkg == null || callback == null) { Slog.e(TAG, "Not doing toast. pkg=" + pkg + " callback=" + callback); return ; } final boolean isSystemToast = isCallerSystem() || ("android".equals(pkg)); ... synchronized (mToastQueue) { int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid(); long callingId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); try { ToastRecord record; int index = indexOfToastLocked(pkg, callback); if (index >= 0) { record = mToastQueue.get(index); record.update(duration); } else { if (!isSystemToast) { int count = 0; final int N = mToastQueue.size(); for (int i=0; i<N; i++) { final ToastRecord r = mToastQueue.get(i); if (r.pkg.equals(pkg)) { count++; if (count >= MAX_PACKAGE_NOTIFICATIONS) { Slog.e(TAG, "Package has already posted " + count + " toasts. Not showing more. Package=" + pkg); return; } } } } record = new ToastRecord(callingPid, pkg, callback, duration); mToastQueue.add(record); index = mToastQueue.size() - 1; // 将Toast所在的进程设置为前台进程 keepProcessAliveLocked(callingPid); } if (index == 0) { showNextToastLocked(); } } finally { Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(callingId); } } } ... }</code></pre> <p>在 Toast#show() 最终会进入到这个方法。首先通过 indexOfToastLocked() 方法获取应用程序对应的 ToastRecord 在 mToastQueue 中的位置, Toast 消失后返回-1,否则返回对应的位置。 mToastQueue 明明是个 ArratList 对象,却命名 Queue ,猜测后面会遵循“后进先出”的原则移除对应的 ToastRecord 对象~。这里先以返回 index=-1 查看,也就是进入到 else 分支。如果不是系统程序,也就是应用程序。那么同一个应用程序 <strong>瞬时</strong> 在 mToastQueue 中存在的消息不能超过50条( Toast 对象不能超过50个)。否则直接 return 。这也是上文中为什么快速点击50次之后无法继续显示的原因。既然 <strong>瞬时</strong> Toast 不能超过50个,那么运用单例模式使用同一个 Toast 对象不就可以了嘛?答案是:可行。消息用完了就移除, <strong>瞬时</strong> 存在50个以上的 Toast 对象相信在正常的程序中也用不上。而且注释中也说这样做是为了放置DOS攻击和防止泄露。其实从这里也可以看出:为了防止内存泄露,创建 Toast 最好使用 getApplicationContext ,不建议使用 Activity 、 Service 等。</p> <p>回归主题。接下来创建了一个 ToastRecord 对象并添加进 mToastQueue 。接下来调用 showNextToastLocked() 方法显示一个 Toast 。</p> <p>源码位置:frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/notification/NotificationManagerService.java<br> NotificationManagerService#showNextToastLocked()</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">void showNextToastLocked() { ToastRecord record = mToastQueue.get(0); while (record != null) { if (DBG) Slog.d(TAG, "Show pkg=" + record.pkg + " callback=" + record.callback); try { record.callback.show(); scheduleTimeoutLocked(record); return; } catch (RemoteException e) { int index = mToastQueue.indexOf(record); if (index >= 0) { mToastQueue.remove(index); } keepProcessAliveLocked(record.pid); if (mToastQueue.size() > 0) { record = mToastQueue.get(0); } else { record = null; } } } }</code></pre> <p>这里首先调用 record.callback.show() ,这里的 record.callback 其实就是 TN 类。接下来调用 scheduleTimeoutLocked() 方法,我们知道 Toast 显示一段时间后会自己消失,所以这个方法肯定是定时让 Toast 消失。跟进。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void scheduleTimeoutLocked(ToastRecord r) { mHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(r); Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MESSAGE_TIMEOUT, r); long delay = r.duration == Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DELAY : SHORT_DELAY; mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, delay); }</code></pre> <p>果然如此。重点在于使用 mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, delay) 延迟发送消息。这里的 delay 只有两种值,要么等于 LENGTH_LONG ,其余统统的等于 SHORT_DELAY , setDuration 为其他值用正常手段是没有用的(可以反射,不在重点范围内)。<br> handler 收到 MESSAGE_TIMEOUT 消息后会调用 handleTimeout((ToastRecord)msg.obj) 。跟进。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void handleTimeout(ToastRecord record) { if (DBG) Slog.d(TAG, "Timeout pkg=" + record.pkg + " callback=" + record.callback); synchronized (mToastQueue) { int index = indexOfToastLocked(record.pkg, record.callback); if (index >= 0) { cancelToastLocked(index); } } }</code></pre> <p>啥也不说了,跟进吧~</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">void cancelToastLocked(int index) { ToastRecord record = mToastQueue.get(index); try { record.callback.hide(); } catch (RemoteException e) { ... } mToastQueue.remove(index); keepProcessAliveLocked(record.pid); if (mToastQueue.size() > 0) { showNextToastLocked(); } }</code></pre> <p>延迟调用 record.callback.hide() 隐藏 Toast ,前文也提到过: record.callback 就是 TN 对象。到这,第三个问题已经解决一半了,至少我们已经直到 Toast 的显示和隐藏在哪里被调用了,至于怎么显示怎么隐藏的,客观您接着往下看。</p> <p>源码位置:frameworks/base/core/java/android/widght/Toast . j a v a o a s t</p> <p>TN#show()</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">final Handler mHandler = new Handler(); @Override public void show() { if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this); mHandler.post(mShow); } final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { handleShow(); } };</code></pre> <p>注意下这里直接使用 new Handler 获取 Handler 对象,这也是为什么在子线程中不用 Looper 弹出Toast会出错的原因。跟进 handleShow() 。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void handleShow() { if (mView != mNextView) { // remove the old view if necessary handleHide(); mView = mNextView; Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext(); String packageName = mView.getContext().getOpPackageName(); if (context == null) { context = mView.getContext(); } mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); ... mParams.packageName = packageName; if (mView.getParent() != null) { mWM.removeView(mView); } mWM.addView(mView, mParams); trySendAccessibilityEvent(); } }</code></pre> <p>原来 addView 到 WindowManager 。这样就完成了 Toast 的显示。至于隐藏就更简单了。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void handleHide() { if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView); if (mView != null) { // note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has // been added... i have seen cases where we get here when // the view isn't yet added, so let's try not to crash. if (mView.getParent() != null) { if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this); mWM.removeView(mView); } mView = null; } }</code></pre> <p>直接 remove 掉。</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>来自:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_17250009/article/details/52753929</p> <p> </p>