window、Activity、DecorView、ViewRoot关系
mtwz2846
8年前
<h2><strong>简介</strong></h2> <ul> <li> <p>Activity并不负责视图控制,它只是控制生命周期和处理事件,真正控制视图的是Window。一个Activity包含了一个Window,Window才是真正代表一个窗口,Window 中持有一个 DecorView,而这个DecorView才是 view 的根布局</p> </li> <li> <p>DecorView是FrameLayout的子类,它可以被认为是Android视图树的根节点视图。DecorView作为顶级View,一般情况下它内部包含一个竖直方向的LinearLayout,在这个LinearLayout里面有上下两个部分(具体情况和Android版本及主体有关),上面的是标题栏,下面的是内容栏。在Activity中通过setContentView所设置的布局文件其实就是被加到内容栏之中的,而内容栏的id是content,在代码中可以通过ViewGroup content = (ViewGroup)findViewById(R.android.id.content)来得到content对应的layout。</p> </li> <li> <p><!-- more --></p> </li> <li>ViewRoot对应 ViewRootImpl类,它是连接WindowManagerService和DecorView的纽带 ,View的三大流程(测量(measure),布局(layout),绘制(draw))均通过ViewRoot来完成。ViewRoot并不属于View树的一份子。从源码实现上来看,它既非View的子类,也非View的父类,但是, 它实现了ViewParent接口,这让它可以作为View的名义上的父视图 。RootView继承了Handler类,可以接收事件并分发,Android的所有触屏事件、按键事件、界面刷新等事件都是通过ViewRoot进行分发的。ViewRoot可以被理解为“View树的管理者”——它有一个mView成员变量,它指向的对象和上文中Window和Activity的mDecor指向的对象是同一个对象。</li> </ul> <h2><strong>从 setContentView 分析起</strong></h2> <p>众所周知,在 activity 中,setContentView方法可以设置我们需要的布局,那么就从这个作为切入点开始分析</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">//activity public void setContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) { getWindow().setContentView(view, params); initWindowDecorActionBar(); } /** * Retrieve the current {@link android.view.Window} for the activity. * This can be used to directly access parts of the Window API that * are not available through Activity/Screen. * * @return Window The current window, or null if the activity is not * visual. */ public Window getWindow() { return mWindow; }</code></pre> <p>继续寻找 mWindow 的赋值时机</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread, ... mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this); mWindow.setCallback(this);//当window接收系统发送给它的IO输入事件时,例如键盘和触摸屏事件,就可以转发给相应的Activity mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this); mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this); if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) { mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode); }</code></pre> <p>可以看到在attach,实例化了一个PhoneWindow对象(window 的实现),继续看 window 中 setContentView的实现</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature // before this happens. if (mContentParent == null) { installDecor();//[window]如何没有DecorView,那么就新建一个 } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { mContentParent.removeAllViews(); } if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID, getContext()); transitionTo(newScene); } else { mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent); //[window]第二步,将layout添加到mContentParent } mContentParent.requestApplyInsets(); final Callback cb = getCallback(); if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) { cb.onContentChanged(); } } //注意 mContentParent的注释,后续做分析 // This is the view in which the window contents are placed. It is either // mDecor itself, or a child of mDecor where the contents go. private ViewGroup mContentParent;</code></pre> <h2><strong>创建DecorView</strong></h2> <p>继续看 PhoneWindow 中的installDecor() 方法</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void installDecor() { if (mDecor == null) { mDecor = generateDecor(); //DecorView 被赋值 mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS); mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true); if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) { mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable); } } if (mContentParent == null) { mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor); ... protected DecorView generateDecor() { return new DecorView(getContext(), -1); } protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) { // Apply data from current theme. // 从主题文件中获取样式信息 TypedArray a = getWindowStyle(); ... if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) { requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE); } else if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionBar, false)) { // Don't allow an action bar if there is no title. requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); } if(...){ ... } //[window] 以上都是根据不同的style生成不同的decorview // Inflate the window decor. // 加载窗口布局 int layoutResource; int features = getLocalFeatures(); // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features)); if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss; } else if(...){ ... } View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null); //加载layoutResource decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); //往DecorView中添加子View,即mContentParent,// 加入到deco中,所以应该是其第一个child mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in; ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT); // 这里获取的就是mContentParent if (contentParent == null) { throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view"); } if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) { ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false); if (progress != null) { progress.setIndeterminate(true); } } if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) { registerSwipeCallbacks(); } // Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies // to top-level windows. ... return contentParent; }</code></pre> <p>由以上代码可以看出,该方法还是做了相当多的工作的,首先根据设置的主题样式来设置DecorView的风格,比如说有没有titlebar之类的,接着为DecorView添加子View,而这里的子View则是上面提到的mContentParent,如果上面设置了FEATURE_NO_ACTIONBAR,那么DecorView就只有mContentParent一个子View,这也解释了上面的注释: mContentParent是DecorView本身或者是DecorView的一个子元素。</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/729318da98216285d6c40b9ae2dbf380.png"></p> <h2><strong>小结:</strong></h2> <ul> <li>DecorView是顶级View, 内部有titlebar和contentParent两个子元素,contentParent的id是content,而我们设置的main.xml布局则是contentParent里面的一个子元素。</li> <li>在DecorView创建完毕后,让我们回到PhoneWindow#setContentView方法,LayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);这里加载了我们设置的main.xml布局文件,并且设置mContentParent为main.xml的父布局,</li> </ul> <p>到目前为止,通过setContentView方法,创建了DecorView和加载了我们提供的布局,但是这时,我们的View还是不可见的,因为我们仅仅是加载了布局,并没有对View进行任何的测量、布局、绘制工作。在View进行测量流程之前,还要进行一个步骤,那就是把DecorView添加至window中,然后经过一系列过程触发ViewRootImpl#performTraversals方法,在该方法内部会正式开始测量、布局、绘制这三大流程。</p> <h2>将DecorView添加至Window</h2> <p>每一个Activity组件都有一个关联的Window对象,用来描述一个应用程序窗口。每一个应用程序窗口内部又包含有一个View对象,用来描述应用程序窗口的视图。上文分析了创建DecorView的过程,现在则要把DecorView添加到Window对象中。而要了解这个过程,我们首先要简单先了解一下Activity的创建过程:</p> <p>首先,在ActivityThread#handleLaunchActivity中启动Activity,在这里面会调用到Activity#onCreate方法,从而完成上面所述的DecorView创建动作,当onCreate()方法执行完毕,在handleLaunchActivity方法会继续调用到ActivityThread#handleResumeActivity方法,</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean clearHide, boolean isForward) { //... ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, clearHide); // 这里会调用到onResume()方法 if (r != null) { final Activity a = r.activity; //... if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) { r.window = r.activity.getWindow(); // 获得window对象 View decor = r.window.getDecorView(); // 获得DecorView对象 decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager(); // 获得windowManager对象 WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes(); a.mDecor = decor; l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION; l.softInputMode |= forwardBit; if (a.mVisibleFromClient) { a.mWindowAdded = true; wm.addView(decor, l); // 调用addView方法 } //... } } }</code></pre> <p>在该方法内部,获取该activity所关联的window对象,DecorView对象,以及windowManager对象,而WindowManager是抽象类,它的实现类是WindowManagerImpl,所以后面调用的是WindowManagerImpl#addView方法,我们看看源码:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager { private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance(); ... @Override public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) { mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow); } }</code></pre> <p>接着调用了mGlobal的成员函数,而mGlobal则是WindowManagerGlobal的一个实例,那么我们接着看WindowManagerGlobal#addView方法</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, Display display, Window parentWindow) { ... ViewRootImpl root; View panelParentView = null; synchronized (mLock) { ... root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display); // 1 view.setLayoutParams(wparams); mViews.add(view); mRoots.add(root); mParams.add(wparams); } // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things try { root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView); // 2 } catch (RuntimeException e) { // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up. synchronized (mLock) { final int index = findViewLocked(view, false); if (index >= 0) { removeViewLocked(index, true); } } throw e; } }</code></pre> <p>先看①号代码处,实例化了ViewRootImpl类,接着,在②号代码处,调用ViewRootImpl#setView方法,并把DecorView作为参数传递进去,在这个方法内部,会通过跨进程的方式向WMS(WindowManagerService)发起一个调用,从而将DecorView最终添加到Window上,在这个过程中,ViewRootImpl、DecorView和WMS会彼此关联,至于详细过程这里不展开来说了。</p> <p>最后通过WMS调用ViewRootImpl#performTraverals方法开始View的测量、布局、绘制流程</p> <h2><strong>参考</strong></h2> <p><a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959715864996358274" rel="nofollow,noindex">http://gold.xitu.io/entry/571338c7c4c9710054cea455</a></p> <p><a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959715865101757630" rel="nofollow,noindex">http://www.jianshu.com/p/687010ccad66</a></p> <p> </p> <p>来自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/049df709ddbf</p> <p> </p>