iOS开发 - AVPlayer实现流音频边播边存
FidFryett
8年前
<p>边播边下有三套左右实现思路，本文使用AVPlayer + AVURLAsset实现。</p> <h2><strong>概述</strong></h2> <h2><strong>1. AVPlayer简介</strong></h2> <ul> <li> <p>AVPlayer存在于AVFoundation中，可以播放视频和音频，可以理解为一个 <strong>随身听</strong></p> </li> <li> <p>AVPlayer的关联类：</p> <ul> <li> <p>AVAsset：一个抽象类，不能直接使用，代表一个要播放的资源。可以理解为一个 <strong>磁带</strong> 子类AVURLAsset是根据URL生成的包含媒体信息的资源对象。 <strong>我们就是要通过这个类的代理实现音频的边播边下的</strong></p> </li> <li> <p>AVPlayerItem：可以理解为一个 <strong>装在磁带盒子里的磁带</strong></p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2><strong>2. AVPlayer播放原理</strong></h2> <ul> <li> <p>给播放器设置好想要它播放的URL</p> </li> <li> <p>播放器向URL所在的服务器发送请求，请求两个东西</p> <ul> <li> <p>所需音频片段的起始offset</p> </li> <li> <p>所需的音频长度</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>服务器根据请求的内容，返回数据</p> </li> <li> <p>播放器拿到数据拼装成文件</p> </li> <li> <p>播放器从拼装好的文件中，找出现在需要播放的片段，进行播放</p> </li> </ul> <h2><strong>3. 边播边下的原理</strong></h2> <p>实现边下边播，其实就是手动实现AVPlayer的上列播放过程。</p> <ul> <li> <p>当播放器需要预先缓存一些数据的时候，不让播放器直接向服务器发起请求，而是向我们自己写的某个类（暂且称之为 <strong>播放器的秘书</strong> ）发起 <strong>缓存请求</strong></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>秘书</strong> 根据播放器的 <strong>缓存请求</strong> 的请求内容，向服务器发起请求。</p> </li> <li> <p>服务器返回 <strong>秘书</strong> 所需的数据</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>秘书</strong> 把服务器返回的数据写进本地的 <strong>缓存文件</strong> 中</p> </li> <li> <p>当需要播放某段声音的时候，向 <strong>秘书</strong> 发出 <strong>播放请求</strong> 索要这段音频文件</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>秘书</strong> 从本地的缓存文件中找到播放器 <strong>播放请求</strong> 所需片段，返回给播放器</p> </li> <li> <p>播放器拿到数据开心滴播放</p> </li> <li> <p>当整首歌都缓存完成以后，秘书需要把缓存文件拷贝一份，改个名字，这个文件就是我们所需要的本地持久化文件</p> </li> <li> <p>下次播放器再播放歌曲的时候，先判断下本地有木有这个名字的文件，有则播放本地文件，木有则向秘书要数据</p> </li> </ul> <h2><strong>技术实现</strong></h2> <p>OK，边播边下的原理知道了，我们可以正式写代码了~建议先从文末链接处把Demo下载下来，对着Demo咱们慢慢道来~</p> <h2><strong>1. 类</strong></h2> <p>共需要三个类：</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>MusicPlayerManager</strong>：<strong>CEO</strong> 。单例，负责整个工程所有的播放、暂停、下一曲、结束、判断应该播放本地文件还是从服务器拉数据之类的事情</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>RequestLoader</strong>：就是上文所说的 <strong>秘书</strong> ，负责给播放器提供播放所需的音频片段，以及找人向服务器索要数据</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>RequestTask</strong>：<strong>秘书的小弟</strong> 。负责和服务器连接、向服务器请求数据、把请求回来的数据写到本地缓存文件、把写完的缓存文件移到持久化目录去。所有脏活累活都是他做。</p> </li> </ul> <h2><strong>2. 方法</strong></h2> <p>先从小弟说起</p> <h3><strong>2.1. RequestTask</strong></h3> <p><strong>2.1.0. 概说</strong></p> <p>如上文所说，小弟是负责做脏活累活的。 负责和服务器连接、向服务器请求数据、把请求回来的数据写到本地缓存文件、把写完的缓存文件移到持久化目录去</p> <p><strong>2.1.1. 初始化音频文件持久化文件夹 & 缓存文件</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">private func _initialTmpFile() { do { try NSFileManager.defaultManager().createDirectoryAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.audioDicPath, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil) } catch { print("creat dic false -- error:\(error)") } if NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath) { try! NSFileManager.defaultManager().removeItemAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath) } NSFileManager.defaultManager().createFileAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath, contents: nil, attributes: nil) }</code></pre> <p><strong>2.1.2. 与服务器建立连接请求数据</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">/** 连接服务器，请求数据（或拼range请求部分数据）（此方法中会将协议头修改为http） - parameter offset: 请求位置 */ public func set(URL url: NSURL, offset: Int) { func initialTmpFile() { try! NSFileManager.defaultManager().removeItemAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath) NSFileManager.defaultManager().createFileAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath, contents: nil, attributes: nil) } _updateFilePath(url) self.url = url self.offset = offset // 如果建立第二次请求，则需初始化缓冲文件 if taskArr.count >= 1 { initialTmpFile() } // 初始化已下载文件长度 downLoadingOffset = 0 // 把stream://xxx的头换成http://的头 let actualURLComponents = NSURLComponents(URL: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false) actualURLComponents?.scheme = "http" guard let URL = actualURLComponents?.URL else {return} let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL, cachePolicy: NSURLRequestCachePolicy.ReloadIgnoringCacheData, timeoutInterval: 20.0) // 若非从头下载，且视频长度已知且大于零，则下载offset到videoLength的范围（拼request参数） if offset > 0 && videoLength > 0 { request.addValue("bytes=\(offset)-\(videoLength - 1)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Range") } connection?.cancel() connection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: false) connection?.setDelegateQueue(NSOperationQueue.mainQueue()) connection?.start() }</code></pre> <p><strong>2.1.3. 响应服务器的Response头</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">public func connection(connection: NSURLConnection, didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse) { isFinishLoad = false guard response is NSHTTPURLResponse else {return} // 解析头部数据 let httpResponse = response as! NSHTTPURLResponse let dic = httpResponse.allHeaderFields let content = dic["Content-Range"] as? String let array = content?.componentsSeparatedByString("/") let length = array?.last // 拿到真实长度 var videoLength = 0 if Int(length ?? "0") == 0 { videoLength = Int(httpResponse.expectedContentLength) } else { videoLength = Int(length!)! } self.videoLength = videoLength //TODO: 此处需要修改为真实数据格式 - 从字典中取 self.mimeType = "video/mp4" // 回调 recieveVideoInfoHandler?(task: self, videoLength: videoLength, mimeType: mimeType!) // 连接加入到任务数组中 taskArr.append(connection) // 初始化文件传输句柄 fileHandle = NSFileHandle.init(forWritingAtPath: StreamAudioConfig.tempPath) }</code></pre> <p><strong>2.1.4. 处理服务器返回的数据 - 写入缓存文件中</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">public func connection(connection: NSURLConnection, didReceiveData data: NSData) { // 寻址到文件末尾 self.fileHandle?.seekToEndOfFile() self.fileHandle?.writeData(data) self.downLoadingOffset += data.length self.receiveVideoDataHandler?(task: self) // print("线程 - \(NSThread.currentThread())") // 注意，这里用子线程有问题 let queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.azen.taskConnect", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL) dispatch_async(queue) { // // 寻址到文件末尾 // self.fileHandle?.seekToEndOfFile() // self.fileHandle?.writeData(data) // self.downLoadingOffset += data.length // self.receiveVideoDataHandler?(task: self) // let thread = NSThread.currentThread() // print("线程 - \(thread)") }</code></pre> <p><strong>2.1.5. 服务器文件返回完毕，把缓存文件放入持久化文件夹</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">public func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection) { func tmpPersistence() { isFinishLoad = true let fileName = url?.lastPathComponent // let movePath = audioDicPath.stringByAppendingPathComponent(fileName ?? "undefine.mp4") let movePath = StreamAudioConfig.audioDicPath + "/\(fileName ?? "undefine.mp4")" _ = try? NSFileManager.defaultManager().removeItemAtPath(movePath) var isSuccessful = true do { try NSFileManager.defaultManager().copyItemAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath, toPath: movePath) } catch { isSuccessful = false print("tmp文件持久化失败") } if isSuccessful { print("持久化文件成功！路径 - \(movePath)") } } if taskArr.count < 2 { tmpPersistence() } receiveVideoFinishHanlder?(task: self) }</code></pre> <p>其他</p> <p>其他方法包括断线重连以及公开一个cancel方法cancel掉和服务器的连接</p> <h3><strong>2.2. RequestTask</strong></h3> <p><strong>2.2.0. 概说</strong></p> <p>秘书要干的最主要的事情就是响应播放器老大的号令，所有方法都是围绕着播放器老大来的。秘书需要遵循AVAssetResourceLoaderDelegate协议才能被录用。</p> <p><strong>2.2.1. 代理方法，播放器需要缓存数据的时候，会调这个方法</strong></p> <p>这个方法其实是播放器在说：小秘呀，我想要这段音频文件。你能现在给我还是等等给我啊？</p> <p>一定要返回：true，告诉播放器，我等等给你。</p> <p>然后，立马找本地缓存文件里有木有这段数据，有把数据拿给播放器，如果木有，则派秘书的小弟向服务器要。</p> <p>具体实现代码有点多，这里就不全部贴出来了。可以去看看 <strong>文末的Demo</strong> 记得赏颗星哟~</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">/** 播放器问：是否应该等这requestResource加载完再说？ 这里会出现很多个loadingRequest请求， 需要为每一次请求作出处理 - parameter resourceLoader: 资源管理器 - parameter loadingRequest: 每一小块数据的请求 - returns: <#return value description#> */ public func resourceLoader(resourceLoader: AVAssetResourceLoader, shouldWaitForLoadingOfRequestedResource loadingRequest: AVAssetResourceLoadingRequest) -> Bool { // 添加请求到队列 pendingRequset.append(loadingRequest) // 处理请求 _dealWithLoadingRequest(loadingRequest) print("----\(loadingRequest)") return true }</code></pre> <p><strong>2.2.2. 代理方法，播放器关闭了下载请求</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">/** 播放器关闭了下载请求 播放器关闭一个旧请求，都会发起一到多个新请求，除非已经播放完毕了 - parameter resourceLoader: 资源管理器 - parameter loadingRequest: 待关请求 */ public func resourceLoader(resourceLoader: AVAssetResourceLoader, didCancelLoadingRequest loadingRequest: AVAssetResourceLoadingRequest) { guard let index = pendingRequset.indexOf(loadingRequest) else {return} pendingRequset.removeAtIndex(index) }</code></pre> <h3><strong>2.3. MusicPlayerManager</strong></h3> <p><strong>2.3.0. 概说</strong></p> <p>负责调度所有播放器的，负责App中的一切涉及音频播放的事件</p> <p>唔。。犯个小懒。。代码直接贴上来咯~要赶不上楼下的538路公交啦~~谢谢大家体谅哦~</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">public class MusicPlayerManager: NSObject { // public var status public var currentURL: NSURL? { get { guard let currentIndex = currentIndex, musicURLList = musicURLList where currentIndex < musicURLList.count else {return nil} return musicURLList[currentIndex] } } /**播放状态，用于需要获取播放器状态的地方KVO*/ public var status: ManagerStatus = .Non /**播放进度*/ public var progress: CGFloat { get { if playDuration > 0 { let progress = playTime / playDuration return progress } else { return 0 } } } /**已播放时长*/ public var playTime: CGFloat = 0 /**总时长*/ public var playDuration: CGFloat = CGFloat.max /**缓冲时长*/ public var tmpTime: CGFloat = 0 public var playEndConsul: (()->())? /**强引用控制器，防止被销毁*/ public var currentController: UIViewController? // private status private var currentIndex: Int? private var currentItem: AVPlayerItem? { get { if let currentURL = currentURL { let item = getPlayerItem(withURL: currentURL) return item } else { return nil } } } private var musicURLList: [NSURL]? // basic element public var player: AVPlayer? private var playerStatusObserver: NSObject? private var resourceLoader: RequestLoader = RequestLoader() private var currentAsset: AVURLAsset? private var progressCallBack: ((tmpProgress: Float?, playProgress: Float?)->())? public class var sharedInstance: MusicPlayerManager { struct Singleton { static let instance = MusicPlayerManager() } // 后台播放 let session = AVAudioSession.sharedInstance() do { try session.setActive(true) } catch { print(error) } do { try session.setCategory(AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback) } catch { print(error) } return Singleton.instance } public enum ManagerStatus { case Non, LoadSongInfo, ReadyToPlay, Play, Pause, Stop } } // MARK: - basic public funcs extension MusicPlayerManager { /** 开始播放 */ public func play(musicURL: NSURL?) { guard let musicURL = musicURL else {return} if let index = getIndexOfMusic(music: musicURL) { // 歌曲在队列中，则按顺序播放 currentIndex = index } else { putMusicToArray(music: musicURL) currentIndex = 0 } playMusicWithCurrentIndex() } public func play(musicURL: NSURL?, callBack: ((tmpProgress: Float?, playProgress: Float?)->())?) { play(musicURL) progressCallBack = callBack } public func next() { currentIndex = getNextIndex() playMusicWithCurrentIndex() } public func previous() { currentIndex = getPreviousIndex() playMusicWithCurrentIndex() } /** 继续 */ public func goOn() { player?.rate = 1 } /** 暂停 - 可继续 */ public func pause() { player?.rate = 0 } /** 停止 - 无法继续 */ public func stop() { endPlay() } } // MARK: - private funcs extension MusicPlayerManager { private func putMusicToArray(music URL: NSURL) { if musicURLList == nil { musicURLList = [URL] } else { musicURLList!.insert(URL, atIndex: 0) } } private func getIndexOfMusic(music URL: NSURL) -> Int? { let index = musicURLList?.indexOf(URL) return index } private func getNextIndex() -> Int? { if let musicURLList = musicURLList where musicURLList.count > 0 { if let currentIndex = currentIndex where currentIndex + 1 < musicURLList.count { return currentIndex + 1 } else { return 0 } } else { return nil } } private func getPreviousIndex() -> Int? { if let currentIndex = currentIndex { if currentIndex - 1 >= 0 { return currentIndex - 1 } else { return musicURLList?.count ?? 1 - 1 } } else { return nil } } /** 从头播放音乐列表 */ private func replayMusicList() { guard let musicURLList = musicURLList where musicURLList.count > 0 else {return} currentIndex = 0 playMusicWithCurrentIndex() } /** 播放当前音乐 */ private func playMusicWithCurrentIndex() { guard let currentURL = currentURL else {return} // 结束上一首 endPlay() player = AVPlayer(playerItem: getPlayerItem(withURL: currentURL)) observePlayingItem() } /** 本地不存在，返回nil，否则返回本地URL */ private func getLocationFilePath(url: NSURL) -> NSURL? { let fileName = url.lastPathComponent let path = StreamAudioConfig.audioDicPath + "/\(fileName ?? "tmp.mp4")" if NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(path) { let url = NSURL.init(fileURLWithPath: path) return url } else { return nil } } private func getPlayerItem(withURL musicURL: NSURL) -> AVPlayerItem { if let locationFile = getLocationFilePath(musicURL) { let item = AVPlayerItem(URL: locationFile) return item } else { let playURL = resourceLoader.getURL(url: musicURL)! // 转换协议头 let asset = AVURLAsset(URL: playURL) currentAsset = asset asset.resourceLoader.setDelegate(resourceLoader, queue: dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)) let item = AVPlayerItem(asset: asset) return item } } private func setupPlayer(withURL musicURL: NSURL) { let songItem = getPlayerItem(withURL: musicURL) player = AVPlayer(playerItem: songItem) } private func playerPlay() { player?.play() } private func endPlay() { status = ManagerStatus.Stop player?.rate = 0 removeObserForPlayingItem() player?.replaceCurrentItemWithPlayerItem(nil) resourceLoader.cancel() currentAsset?.resourceLoader.setDelegate(nil, queue: nil) progressCallBack = nil resourceLoader = RequestLoader() playDuration = 0 playTime = 0 playEndConsul?() player = nil } } extension MusicPlayerManager { public override func observeValueForKeyPath(keyPath: String?, ofObject object: AnyObject?, change: [String : AnyObject]?, context: UnsafeMutablePointer<Void>) { guard object is AVPlayerItem else {return} let item = object as! AVPlayerItem if keyPath == "status" { if item.status == AVPlayerItemStatus.ReadyToPlay { status = .ReadyToPlay print("ReadyToPlay") let duration = item.duration playerPlay() print(duration) } else if item.status == AVPlayerItemStatus.Failed { status = .Stop print("Failed") stop() } } else if keyPath == "loadedTimeRanges" { let array = item.loadedTimeRanges guard let timeRange = array.first?.CMTimeRangeValue else {return} // 缓冲时间范围 let totalBuffer = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.start) + CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.duration) // 当前缓冲长度 tmpTime = CGFloat(tmpTime) print("共缓冲 - \(totalBuffer)") let tmpProgress = tmpTime / playDuration progressCallBack?(tmpProgress: Float(tmpProgress), playProgress: nil) } } private func observePlayingItem() { guard let currentItem = self.player?.currentItem else {return} // KVO监听正在播放的对象状态变化 currentItem.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "status", options: NSKeyValueObservingOptions.New, context: nil) // 监听player播放情况 playerStatusObserver = player?.addPeriodicTimeObserverForInterval(CMTimeMake(1, 1), queue: dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), usingBlock: { [weak self] (time) in guard let `self` = self else {return} // 获取当前播放时间 self.status = .Play let currentTime = CMTimeGetSeconds(time) let totalTime = CMTimeGetSeconds(currentItem.duration) self.playDuration = CGFloat(totalTime) self.playTime = CGFloat(currentTime) print("current time ---- \(currentTime) ---- tutalTime ---- \(totalTime)") self.progressCallBack?(tmpProgress: nil, playProgress: Float(self.progress)) if totalTime - currentTime < 0.1 { self.endPlay() } }) as? NSObject // 监听缓存情况 currentItem.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "loadedTimeRanges", options: NSKeyValueObservingOptions.New, context: nil) } private func removeObserForPlayingItem() { guard let currentItem = self.player?.currentItem else {return} currentItem.removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: "status") if playerStatusObserver != nil { player?.removeTimeObserver(playerStatusObserver!) playerStatusObserver = nil } currentItem.removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: "loadedTimeRanges") } } public struct StreamAudioConfig { static let audioDicPath: String = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask, true).last! + "/streamAudio" // 缓冲文件夹 static let tempPath: String = audioDicPath + "/temp.mp4" // 缓冲文件路径 - 非持久化文件路径 - 当前逻辑下，有且只有一个缓冲文件 }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>来自：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaopin/p/5862370.html</p> <p> </p>