简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas
hubuke
8年前
<p>HTML5 可以直接在你的网页中使用 <strong>canvas</strong> <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922226434294" rel="nofollow">元素</a>及其相关的 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922324603901" rel="nofollow">JavaScript API</a>绘制的图形。</p> <p>在这篇文章中,我将向你介绍 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922411584025" rel="nofollow">jCanvas</a>,一个基于 jQuery的免费且开源的 HTML5的Canvas API。</p> <p>如果你使用 jQuery 进行开发,jCanvas能够使用 jQuery更简单,更快速的完成一些非常炫酷的 canvas画布及交互效果。</p> <h2>什么是 jCanvas ?</h2> <p>jCanvas 官网是这样解释的:</p> <p>“ jCanvas is a JavaScript library, written using jQuery and for jQuery, that wraps around the HTML5 canvas API, adding new features and capabilities, many of which are customizable. Capabilities include layers, events, drag-and-drop, animation, and much more.</p> <p>The result is a flexible API wrapped up in a sugary, jQuery-esque syntax that brings power and ease to the HTML5 canvas. ”</p> <p>jCanvas 能让你做的一切事情,你都可以用原生的Canvas API来实现,甚至可以做更多的事情。如果你愿意的话,你也可以将原生的Canvas API方法和 jCanvas一起使用。<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922510385715" rel="nofollow">draw()方法</a>就可以这样使用。此外,你还可以非常轻松的用自己的方法结合 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922594997922" rel="nofollow">extend()函数</a>来扩展jCanvas的功能。</p> <h2>添加jCanvas 到你的项目中</h2> <p>将jCanavs添加在你的项目中,从官方网站或<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922680183052" rel="nofollow">GitHub的页面</a>上<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922780930211" rel="nofollow">下载脚本</a>,然后将脚本文件放在你的项目文件夹中。正如前面说的,jCanvas需要依赖 jQuery才能正常工作,所以还要确保引入了 jQuery文件。</p> <p>项目的脚本文件将是这个样子:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><script src="js/jquery.min.js></script> <script src="js/jcanvas.min.js></script> <script src="js/script.js></script></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>最后,引入你自己的JavaScript 代码文件。现在,让我们开始jCanvas之旅吧。</p> <p> </p> <h2>设置 HTML文档</h2> <p>我们通过为 HTMl5文档添加一个<canvas>标签,来开始我们的示例。</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>以下是关于上面的代码片段的几点说明。</p> <p> </p> <ol> <li>默认情况下,<canvas>的尺寸300px <strong>x</strong> 150px,你可以在width 和 height 属性里修改默认的大小。</li> <li>id属性不是必须添加的,但是确是 JavaScript访问该元素的最简单的方法。</li> <li>在<canvas>元素中的内容只是位图,这使得它无法被使用辅助技术的用户访问。另外,对<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922873129376" rel="nofollow">不支持 Canvas API</a>的浏览器,将不能够访问其内容或者任何方式的交互。因此,该技术旨在让<canvas><a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676922954571169" rel="nofollow">更容易被支持</a>。</li> </ol> <p>如果你想使用原生的Canvas API,你的 JavaScript 代码将会这样的:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas'), context = canvas.getContext('2d');</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>上述代码中的context变量存储了Canvas对象的一个2D上下文属性。正是这种特性,使得你可以访问 HTML5的 Canvas API提供的所有其他属性和方法。</p> <p> </p> <p>如果你想了解的更多,你可以戳这里<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923040837512" rel="nofollow">HTML5 Canvas 简介</a>。</p> <p>jCanvas的方法和属性已经包含了2D上下文的引用,因此你可以直接的跳到绘制图片。</p> <h2>用jCanvas绘制一些图形</h2> <p>大多数的 jCanvas方法,接受键值对的形式,因此你可以根据你的需要,或你喜欢的顺序去使用它们。</p> <p>让我们从绘制一个矩形开始吧。</p> <h2>矩形</h2> <p>下面是你怎样用 jCanvas对象的 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923116543221" rel="nofollow">drawRect() 方法</a>绘制出一个矩形的方法。</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); // rectangle shape $myCanvas.drawRect({ fillStyle: 'steelblue', strokeStyle: 'blue', strokeWidth: 4, x: 150, y: 100, fromCenter: false, width: 200, height: 100 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>上面的代码片段表示,存储 Canvas对象到一个名为$myCanvas的变量中。里面的drawRect()方法的属性都是比较简单的,但是我们在这里简单的阐述一下:</p> <p> </p> <ol> <li>fillStyle 设置矩形的背景色;</li> <li>strokeStyle 设置它的边框颜色;</li> <li>strokeWidth 设置矩形的边框宽度;</li> <li>x 和 y设置对应矩形的坐标的水平和垂直的画布内测的位置。顶点的0值的分别为 x和y,也就是说,(0,0),对应于画布的左上角。x坐标向右增大,y坐标朝向画布的底部增加。默认情况下,jCanvas会以矩形的中心点作为x和y坐标的值;</li> <li>要想改变这一点,以便x和y对应矩形的左上角,可以将fromCenter属性的值设置为 false;</li> <li>最后,通过宽度和高度属性设置矩形的尺寸。</li> </ol> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/188da71ed2be47ade121c53738ba6248.png"></p> <p>下面是矩形的示例代码:</p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Rectangle</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); // rectangle shape $myCanvas.drawRect({ fillStyle: 'steelblue', strokeStyle: 'blue', strokeWidth: 4, x: 190, y: 50, fromCenter: false, width: 200, height: 100 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Rectangle</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/d4ba6e1784fea98e30022cda1ed4e65a.png"></p> <h2>圆弧和圆</h2> <p>弧是一个圆的边缘部分。对于jCanvas来说,画一个圆弧仅仅是在 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923214092666" rel="nofollow">drawArc() 方法</a>里设置几个所需的属性:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawArc({ strokeStyle: 'steelblue', strokeStyle: 'blue', strokeWidth: 4, x: 300, y: 100, radius: 50, // start and end angles in degrees start: 0, end: 200 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>绘制弧形,需要设置半径属性的值,以及开始的角度和结束的角度。如果你希望弧形是逆时针方向的话,需要添加一个ccw属性,并将其属性值设置为true。</p> <p> </p> <p>下面是上述代码块演示:</p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Arc</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.drawArc({ strokeStyle: 'steelblue', strokeStyle: 'blue', strokeWidth: 4, x: 300, y: 100, radius: 50, // start and end angles in degrees start: 0, end: 200 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Arc</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/f05b50e339340eef58592c0d6042a8da.png"></p> <p>绘制一个圆形:</p> <p>举例来说,下面是如何只使用圆弧形状来绘制出一个简单的笑脸图形:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawArc({ // draw the face fillStyle: 'yellow', strokeStyle: '#333', strokeWidth: 4, x: 300, y: 100, radius: 80 }).drawArc({ // draw the left eye fillStyle: '#333', strokeStyle: '#333', x: 250, y: 70, radius: 5 }).drawArc({ // draw the right eye fillStyle: '#333', strokeStyle: '#333', x: 350, y: 70, radius: 5 }).drawArc({ // draw the nose strokeStyle: '#333', strokeWidth: 4, ccw: true, x: 300, y: 100, radius: 30, start: 0, end: 200 }).drawArc({ // draw the smile strokeStyle: '#333', strokeWidth: 4, x: 300, y: 135, radius: 30, start: 90, end: 280 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>请记住,jCanvas是基于jQuery的,因此,你可以像jQuery的链式操作一样,在jCanvas中也可以使用链式操作。</p> <p> </p> <p>下面是以上代码在浏览器中的效果:</p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Smiling Face</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.drawArc({ // draw the face fillStyle: 'yellow', strokeStyle: '#333', strokeWidth: 4, x: 300, y: 100, radius: 80 }).drawArc({ // draw the left eye fillStyle: '#333', strokeStyle: '#333', x: 250, y: 70, radius: 5 }).drawArc({ // draw the right eye fillStyle: '#333', strokeStyle: '#333', x: 350, y: 70, radius: 5 }).drawArc({ // draw the nose strokeStyle: '#333', strokeWidth: 4, ccw: true, x: 300, y: 100, radius: 30, start: 0, end: 200 }).drawArc({ // draw the smile strokeStyle: '#333', strokeWidth: 4, x: 300, y: 135, radius: 30, start: 90, end: 280 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Smiling Face</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/26006e1c6421b0857aae242213472395.png"></p> <h2>绘制线条和路径</h2> <p>你可以用<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923292452854" rel="nofollow">drawLine()方法</a>快速的绘制直线,或者定义一系列的线条的连接点。</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawLine({ strokeStyle: 'steelblue', strokeWidth: 10, rounded: true, closed: true, x1: 100, y1: 28, x2: 50, y2: 200, x3: 300, y3: 200, x4: 200, y4: 109 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>上面代码设置了 rounded和closed属性的值为true,从而所绘制的线和角都是闭合的。</p> <p> </p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Connected lines</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.drawLine({ strokeStyle: 'steelblue', strokeWidth: 10, rounded: true, closed: true, x1: 100, y1: 28, x2: 50, y2: 200, x3: 300, y3: 200, x4: 200, y4: 109 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Connected lines</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/35001b8a98b03f5a8a44c0f5aa50dfda.png"></p> <p>还可以使用<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923378040214" rel="nofollow">drawPath()方法</a>绘制路径。</p> <p>该drawPath()方法设置 x 和 y值,你还需要制定你要绘制的路径的类型,例如直线,圆弧等。</p> <p>下面教你如何使用 drawPath()方法和<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923458180583" rel="nofollow">drawarrows()方法</a>画出一对水平和垂直方向的箭头,后者是一个非常好用的jCanvas方法,能够使你快速的在画布上绘制一个箭头形状:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawPath({ strokeStyle: '#000', strokeWidth: 4, x: 10, y: 10, p1: { type: 'line', x1: 100, y1: 100, x2: 200, y2: 100 }, p2: { type: 'line', rounded: true, endArrow: true, arrowRadius: 25, arrowAngle: 90, x1: 200, y1: 100, x2: 290, y2: 100 }, p3: { type: 'line', rounded: true, endArrow: true, arrowRadius: 25, arrowAngle: 90, x1: 100, y1: 100, x2: 100, y2: 250 } });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>结果展示:</p> <p> </p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Connected Arrows</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.drawPath({ strokeStyle: '#000', strokeWidth: 4, x: 10, y: 10, p1: { type: 'line', x1: 100, y1: 100, x2: 200, y2: 100 }, p2: { type: 'line', rounded: true, endArrow: true, arrowRadius: 25, arrowAngle: 90, x1: 200, y1: 100, x2: 290, y2: 100 }, p3: { type: 'line', rounded: true, endArrow: true, arrowRadius: 25, arrowAngle: 90, x1: 100, y1: 100, x2: 100, y2: 250 } });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Connected Arrows</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/9230b0b08a4d66ec57ebb98d8e26e6be.png"></p> <h2>绘制文本</h2> <p>你可以使用<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923536017324" rel="nofollow">drawText()方法</a>快速的绘制出你需要的文字,这个方法的主要的功能:</p> <ol> <li>text:将此属性设置为你想要显示在画布上的文字内容:例如:‘Hello World’</li> <li>fontsize:此属性的值决定了在画布上的文字的大小。你可以为这个属性设置为一个数字,jCanvas默认为像素。另外,你也可以使用pt,但是在这种情况下,你需要用引号将属性值包括起来</li> <li>fontFamily:允许你指定您的文字图像的字体:’Verdana, sans-serif’。</li> </ol> <p>这里的示例代码:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawText({ text: 'Canvas is fun', fontFamily: 'cursive', fontSize: 40, x: 290, y: 150, fillStyle: 'lightblue', strokeStyle: 'blue', strokeWidth: 1 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>在浏览器中将是这样的效果:</p> <p> </p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Drawing text</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.drawText({ text: 'jCanvas is fun', fontFamily: 'cursive', fontSize: 40, x: 290, y: 150, fillStyle: 'lightblue', strokeStyle: 'blue', strokeWidth: 1 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Drawing text</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/fe08ecadf67ba75d10e0c3c8acd1572e.png"></p> <h2>绘制图片</h2> <p>你可以使用<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923614896932" rel="nofollow">drawImage()方法</a>来导入和处理图片。下面是一个例子:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawImage({ source: 'imgs/cat.jpg', x: 250, y: 100, fromCenter: false, shadowColor: '#222', shadowBlur: 3, rotate: 40 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>这是上面代码的呈现方式:</p> <p> </p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Importing and manipulating an image</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.drawImage({ source: 'https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/123941/cat.jpg', x: 250, y: 100, fromCenter: false, shadowColor: '#222', shadowBlur: 3, rotate: 40 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Importing and manipulating an image</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/dfbb9a0f007d14f5afd3ba7add15f470.png"></p> <p>你可以随便的改变上面示例的代码,戳这里:<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923699346649" rel="nofollow">CodePen demo</a></p> <h2>Canvas层</h2> <p>如果你曾经使用过,如Photoshop或Gimp图像编辑器类的应用程序,你可能会对图层有所了解,使用图层最爽的地方在于,你可以在画布上控制每个图像。</p> <p>jCanvas提供了一个功能强大的<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923778135901" rel="nofollow">API</a>,基于你的画布增加了灵活性。</p> <p>这里介绍了如何使用jCanvas的层。</p> <h3>添加图层</h3> <p>你只能在每一个层上绘制一个对象。在你的jCanvas项目中你有两种添加图层的方式:</p> <ol> <li>使用 addLayer()方法,其次是drawLayers()方法</li> <li>在任何的绘制方法里设置layer属性的值为true</li> </ol> <p>下面是如何运用第一种技术来绘制一个蓝色矩形:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.addLayer({ type: 'rectangle', fillStyle: 'steelblue', fromCenter: false, name: 'blueRectangle', x: 50, y: 50, width: 400, height: 200 }).drawLayers();</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>HTML:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Drawing a rectangle with addLayer()</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.addLayer({ type: 'rectangle', fillStyle: 'steelblue', fromCenter: false, name: 'blueRectangle', x: 50, y: 50, width: 400, height: 200 }).drawLayers();</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/baae6dc7bade725d775eba6c10d2e8ca.png"></p> <p>这里是你如何得到同样矩形的第二种方法:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawRect({ fillStyle: 'steelblue', layer: true, name: 'blueRectangle', fromCenter: false, x: 50, y: 50, width: 400, height: 200 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>HTML:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Using drawing method with layer set to "true"</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); $myCanvas.drawRect({ fillStyle: 'steelblue', layer: true, name: 'blueRectangle', fromCenter: false, x: 50, y: 50, width: 400, height: 200 });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/baae6dc7bade725d775eba6c10d2e8ca.png"></p> <p>正如你所看到的,上面的两种方法,我们得到了相同的结果。</p> <p>最重要的一点是在上面两个代码样本中可以发现,上面的层你通过name设置的一个名称。这使得他易于参照本层的代码做出各种炫酷的东西,像改变其索引值,动画,删除等等。</p> <p>让我们看看如何能够做到这一点。</p> <h3>动画层</h3> <p>你可以使用jCanvas的 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923867256099" rel="nofollow">animateLayer()方法</a>,快速的在你的基础图层上添加动画,此方法接受以下参数:</p> <ol> <li>该层的 index 或者 name</li> <li>具有键值对的动画对象</li> <li>以毫秒为单位的动画时长(duration)。这是个默认的参数,如果不设置,默认为400</li> <li>动画的运动方式(easing )。这也是一个可选的参数,如果不设置,则默认为摇摆</li> <li>动画完成之后的回调函数(callback),也是可选的。</li> </ol> <p>让我们来看一下animateLayer() 方法的效果,我们将在一个层上绘制一个半透明的橙色圆圈,然后设置动画的位置,颜色以及透明度属性:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Draw circle $myCanvas.drawArc({ name: 'orangeCircle', layer: true, x: 50, y: 50, radius: 100, fillStyle: 'orange', opacity: 0.5 }); // Animate the circle layer $myCanvas.animateLayer('orangeCircle', { x: 150, y: 150, radius: 50, }, 1000, function(layer) { // Callback function $(this).animateLayer(layer, { fillStyle: 'darkred', x: 250, y: 100, opacity: 1 }, 'slow', 'ease-in-out'); });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>看一下下面例子中的动画:</p> <p> </p> <p>HTML:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><h2>jCanvas example: Animating Layers</h2> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="300"> <p>This is fallback content for users of assistive technologies or of browsers that don't have full support for the Canvas API.</p> </canvas></code></pre> <p> </p> <p>CSS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">body { text-align: center; } canvas { margin: auto; display: block; }</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>JS:</p> <p> </p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">// Store the canvas object into a variable var $myCanvas = $('#myCanvas'); // Draw circle $myCanvas.drawArc({ name: 'orangeCircle', layer: true, x: 50, y: 50, radius: 100, fillStyle: 'orange', opacity: 0.5 }); // Animate the circle layer $myCanvas.animateLayer('orangeCircle', { x: 150, y: 150, radius: 50, }, 1000, function(layer) { // Callback function $(this).animateLayer(layer, { fillStyle: 'darkred', x: 250, y: 100, opacity: 1 }, 'slow', 'ease-in-out'); });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Result:</p> <p> </p> <p>jCanvas example: Animating Layers</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/3f9931486541667ac7c40e75384ecbe2.png"></p> <h3>可拖动图层</h3> <p>我想提醒你注意的是它还有一个很酷的功能,你可以在<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676923939728105" rel="nofollow">可拖动层</a>里设置draggable属性和layer 属性的值为true,就可以将一个普通的jCanvas层变成可拖动的层了。</p> <p>具体方法如下:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawRect({ layer: true, draggable: true, bringToFront: true, name: 'blueSquare', fillStyle: 'steelblue', x: 250, y: 150, width: 100, height: 100, rotate: 80, shadowX: -1, shadowY: 8, shadowBlur: 2, shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)' }) .drawRect({ layer: true, draggable: true, bringToFront: true, name: 'redSquare', fillStyle: 'red', x: 190, y: 100, width: 100, height: 100, rotate: 130, shadowX: -2, shadowY: 5, shadowBlur: 3, shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)' });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>在上面的代码段中,通过把属性draggable设置为true,绘制出了两个可拖动的矩形层。此外,请小心使用bringToFront属性,以确保当你拖动层时,他会被自动拖到所有其他现有的图层的前面。</p> <p> </p> <p>最后,在上述代码段中添加旋转图层的代码并且设置一个盒子阴影,只是为了告诉你如何快速的在你的jCanvas图纸上添加一些特效。</p> <p>结果会是这样的:</p> <p><img alt="简介 jCanvas:当 jQuery遇上HTML5 Canvas" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/4e6832830cd66ff4398a6a70bdbe9e1f.png"></p> <p>如果你想在在你拖动图层之前,之间或者之后做一些事情的话,jCanvas 可以很容易的利用相关的回调函数来实现这一点:</p> <ol> <li>dragstart:当你开始拖动图层的时候的触发器</li> <li>drag:当你正在拖动图层时发生</li> <li>dragstop:当你停止拖动图层时的触发器</li> <li>dragcancel:当你拖动的图层到了画布表面的边界时发生</li> </ol> <p>比方说,当用户完成拖动层之后,你想在页面上显示一条消息,你可以通过添加一个回调函数dragstop来实现,就像这样:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">$myCanvas.drawRect({ layer: true, // Rest of the code as shown above... // Callback function dragstop: function(layer) { var layerName = layer.name; el.innerHTML = 'The ' + layerName + ' layer has been dropped.'; } }) .drawRect({ layer: true, // Rest of the code... // Callback function dragstop: function(layer) { var layerName = layer.name; el.innerHTML = 'The ' + layerName + ' layer has been dropped.'; } });</code></pre> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h2>结论</h2> <p>在这篇文章中,我向你介绍了jCanvas,一个新的基于jQuery能与HTML5的 Canvas API一起使用的库。我已经简单的介绍了一些jCanvas的属性和方法,能够让你快速的在画布和是哪个绘制图形,增加视觉效果,动画和拖动图层。</p> <p>你可以访问<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676924019215849" rel="nofollow">jCanvas文档</a>,这里有很多的详细指导和示例。你可以在Canvas网站的 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676924101331233" rel="nofollow">sandbox</a>上进行快速测试。</p> <p><strong>作者信息</strong></p> <p>原文作者:<a class="external-link" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676924180095782" rel="nofollow">Maria Antonietta Perna</a></p> <p>原文链接:<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959676924259499739">http://t.cn/Rt82jVj</a></p> <p>翻译自MaxLeap团队_前端研发人员:Ammie白</p> <p>– 力谱宿云 LeapCloud 首发 –</p> <p>译者简介:新晋前端一枚,目前负责 MaxLeap 网站展示性内容的实现。喜欢自己尝试写一些js特效小Demo。</p> <p><strong>相关文章</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1471501424095.html">无需Flash实现图片裁剪——HTML5中级进阶</a></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">Save</span></p>