Chart.js 中文文档
lwzheng
8年前
<h2>此文档包含了用Chart.js创建漂亮图表的所有知识。</h2> <p>起步</p> <h2>引入Chart.js文件</h2> <p>首先我们需要在页面中引入Chart.js文件。此工具库在全局命名空间中定义了<code>Chart</code>变量。</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><script src="Chart.js"></script></code></pre> <h2>创建图表</h2> <p>为了创建图表，我们要实例化一个Chart对象。为了完成前面的步骤，首先需要需要传入一个绘制图表的2d context。以下是案例。</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><canvas id="myChart" width="400" height="400"></canvas></code></pre> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">//Get the context of the canvas element we want to select var ctx = document.getElementById("myChart").getContext("2d"); var myNewChart = new Chart(ctx).PolarArea(data);</code></pre> <p>我们还可以用jQuery获取canvas的context。首先从jQuery集合中获取我们需要的DOM节点，然后在这个DOM节点上调用 <code>getContext("2d")</code> 方法。</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">//Get context with jQuery - using jQuery's .get() method. var ctx = $("#myChart").get(0).getContext("2d"); //This will get the first returned node in the jQuery collection. var myNewChart = new Chart(ctx);</code></pre> <p>当我们完成了在指定的canvas上实例化Chart对象之后，Chart.js会自动针对retina屏幕做缩放。</p> <p>Chart对象设置完成后，我们就可以继续创建Chart.js中提供的具体类型的图表了。下面这个案例中，我们将展示如何绘制一幅极地区域图（Polar area chart）。</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">new Chart(ctx).PolarArea(data,options);</code></pre> <p>We call a method of the name of the chart we want to create. We pass in the data for that chart type, and the options for that chart as parameters. Chart.js will merge the options you pass in with the default options for that chart type.</p> <p>曲线图（Line chart）</p> <h2>简介</h2> <p>曲线图就是将数据标于曲线上的一种图表。</p> <p>一般用于展示趋势数据，和比较两组数据集。</p> <h2>使用案例</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">new Chart(ctx).Line(data,options);</code></pre> <h2>数据结构</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">var data = { labels : ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July"], datasets : [ { fillColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.5)", strokeColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)", pointColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)", pointStrokeColor : "#fff", data : [65,59,90,81,56,55,40] }, { fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)", strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)", pointColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)", pointStrokeColor : "#fff", data : [28,48,40,19,96,27,100] } ] }</code></pre> <p>The line chart requires an array of labels for each of the data points. This is show on the X axis.</p> <p>The data for line charts is broken up into an array of datasets. Each dataset has a colour for the fill, a colour for the line and colours for the points and strokes of the points. These colours are strings just like CSS. You can use RGBA, RGB, HEX or HSL notation.</p> <h2>图表参数</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">Line.defaults = { //Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data scaleOverlay : false, //Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale scaleOverride : false, //** Required if scaleOverride is true ** //Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale scaleSteps : null, //Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale scaleStepWidth : null, //Number - The scale starting value scaleStartValue : null, //String - Colour of the scale line scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)", //Number - Pixel width of the scale line scaleLineWidth : 1, //Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale scaleShowLabels : false, //Interpolated JS string - can access value scaleLabel : "<%=value%>", //String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'", //Number - Scale label font size in pixels scaleFontSize : 12, //String - Scale label font weight style scaleFontStyle : "normal", //String - Scale label font colour scaleFontColor : "#666", ///Boolean - Whether grid lines are shown across the chart scaleShowGridLines : true, //String - Colour of the grid lines scaleGridLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.05)", //Number - Width of the grid lines scaleGridLineWidth : 1, //Boolean - Whether the line is curved between points bezierCurve : true, //Boolean - Whether to show a dot for each point pointDot : true, //Number - Radius of each point dot in pixels pointDotRadius : 3, //Number - Pixel width of point dot stroke pointDotStrokeWidth : 1, //Boolean - Whether to show a stroke for datasets datasetStroke : true, //Number - Pixel width of dataset stroke datasetStrokeWidth : 2, //Boolean - Whether to fill the dataset with a colour datasetFill : true, //Boolean - Whether to animate the chart animation : true, //Number - Number of animation steps animationSteps : 60, //String - Animation easing effect animationEasing : "easeOutQuart", //Function - Fires when the animation is complete onAnimationComplete : null }</code></pre> <p>柱状图（Bar chart）</p> <h2>简介</h2> <p>A bar chart is a way of showing data as bars.</p> <p>It is sometimes used to show trend data, and the comparison of multiple data sets side by side.</p> <h2>使用案例</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">new Chart(ctx).Bar(data,options);</code></pre> <h2>数据结构</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">var data = { labels : ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July"], datasets : [ { fillColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.5)", strokeColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)", data : [65,59,90,81,56,55,40] }, { fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)", strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)", data : [28,48,40,19,96,27,100] } ] }</code></pre> <p>The bar chart has the a very similar data structure to the line chart, and has an array of datasets, each with colours and an array of data. Again, colours are in CSS format.</p> <p>We have an array of labels too for display. In the example, we are showing the same data as the previous line chart example.</p> <h2>图表参数</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">Bar.defaults = { //Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data scaleOverlay : false, //Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale scaleOverride : false, //** Required if scaleOverride is true ** //Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale scaleSteps : null, //Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale scaleStepWidth : null, //Number - The scale starting value scaleStartValue : null, //String - Colour of the scale line scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)", //Number - Pixel width of the scale line scaleLineWidth : 1, //Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale scaleShowLabels : false, //Interpolated JS string - can access value scaleLabel : "<%=value%>", //String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'", //Number - Scale label font size in pixels scaleFontSize : 12, //String - Scale label font weight style scaleFontStyle : "normal", //String - Scale label font colour scaleFontColor : "#666", ///Boolean - Whether grid lines are shown across the chart scaleShowGridLines : true, //String - Colour of the grid lines scaleGridLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.05)", //Number - Width of the grid lines scaleGridLineWidth : 1, //Boolean - If there is a stroke on each bar barShowStroke : true, //Number - Pixel width of the bar stroke barStrokeWidth : 2, //Number - Spacing between each of the X value sets barValueSpacing : 5, //Number - Spacing between data sets within X values barDatasetSpacing : 1, //Boolean - Whether to animate the chart animation : true, //Number - Number of animation steps animationSteps : 60, //String - Animation easing effect animationEasing : "easeOutQuart", //Function - Fires when the animation is complete onAnimationComplete : null }</code></pre> <p>雷达图或蛛网图（Radar chart）</p> <h2>简介</h2> <p>A radar chart is a way of showing multiple data points and the variation between them.</p> <p>They are often useful for comparing the points of two or more different data sets</p> <h2>使用案例</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">new Chart(ctx).Radar(data,options);</code></pre> <h2>数据结构</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">var data = { labels : ["Eating","Drinking","Sleeping","Designing","Coding","Partying","Running"], datasets : [ { fillColor : "rgba(220,220,220,0.5)", strokeColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)", pointColor : "rgba(220,220,220,1)", pointStrokeColor : "#fff", data : [65,59,90,81,56,55,40] }, { fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)", strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)", pointColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)", pointStrokeColor : "#fff", data : [28,48,40,19,96,27,100] } ] }</code></pre> <p>For a radar chart, usually you will want to show a label on each point of the chart, so we include an array of strings that we show around each point in the chart. If you do not want this, you can either not include the array of labels, or choose to hide them in the chart options.</p> <p>For the radar chart data, we have an array of datasets. Each of these is an object, with a fill colour, a stroke colour, a colour for the fill of each point, and a colour for the stroke of each point. We also have an array of data values.</p> <h2>图表</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">Radar.defaults = { //Boolean - If we show the scale above the chart data scaleOverlay : false, //Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale scaleOverride : false, //** Required if scaleOverride is true ** //Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale scaleSteps : null, //Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale scaleStepWidth : null, //Number - The centre starting value scaleStartValue : null, //Boolean - Whether to show lines for each scale point scaleShowLine : true, //String - Colour of the scale line scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)", //Number - Pixel width of the scale line scaleLineWidth : 1, //Boolean - Whether to show labels on the scale scaleShowLabels : false, //Interpolated JS string - can access value scaleLabel : "<%=value%>", //String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'", //Number - Scale label font size in pixels scaleFontSize : 12, //String - Scale label font weight style scaleFontStyle : "normal", //String - Scale label font colour scaleFontColor : "#666", //Boolean - Show a backdrop to the scale label scaleShowLabelBackdrop : true, //String - The colour of the label backdrop scaleBackdropColor : "rgba(255,255,255,0.75)", //Number - The backdrop padding above & below the label in pixels scaleBackdropPaddingY : 2, //Number - The backdrop padding to the side of the label in pixels scaleBackdropPaddingX : 2, //Boolean - Whether we show the angle lines out of the radar angleShowLineOut : true, //String - Colour of the angle line angleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)", //Number - Pixel width of the angle line angleLineWidth : 1, //String - Point label font declaration pointLabelFontFamily : "'Arial'", //String - Point label font weight pointLabelFontStyle : "normal", //Number - Point label font size in pixels pointLabelFontSize : 12, //String - Point label font colour pointLabelFontColor : "#666", //Boolean - Whether to show a dot for each point pointDot : true, //Number - Radius of each point dot in pixels pointDotRadius : 3, //Number - Pixel width of point dot stroke pointDotStrokeWidth : 1, //Boolean - Whether to show a stroke for datasets datasetStroke : true, //Number - Pixel width of dataset stroke datasetStrokeWidth : 2, //Boolean - Whether to fill the dataset with a colour datasetFill : true, //Boolean - Whether to animate the chart animation : true, //Number - Number of animation steps animationSteps : 60, //String - Animation easing effect animationEasing : "easeOutQuart", //Function - Fires when the animation is complete onAnimationComplete : null }</code></pre> <p>极地区域图（Polar area chart）</p> <h2>简介</h2> <p>Polar area charts are similar to pie charts, but each segment has the same angle - the radius of the segment differs depending on the value.</p> <p>This type of chart is often useful when we want to show a comparison data similar to a pie chart, but also show a scale of values for context.</p> <h2>使用案例</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">new Chart(ctx).PolarArea(data,options);</code></pre> <h2>数据结构</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">var data = [ { value : 30, color: "#D97041" }, { value : 90, color: "#C7604C" }, { value : 24, color: "#21323D" }, { value : 58, color: "#9D9B7F" }, { value : 82, color: "#7D4F6D" }, { value : 8, color: "#584A5E" } ]</code></pre> <p>As you can see, for the chart data you pass in an array of objects, with a value and a colour. The <code>value</code> attribute should be a number, while the <code>color</code> attribute should be a string. Similar to CSS, for this string you can use HEX notation, RGB, RGBA or HSL.</p> <h2>图表</h2> <p>These are the default chart options. By passing in an object with any of these attributes, Chart.js will merge these objects and the graph accordingly. Explanations of each option are commented in the code below.</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">PolarArea.defaults = { //Boolean - Whether we show the scale above or below the chart segments scaleOverlay : true, //Boolean - If we want to override with a hard coded scale scaleOverride : false, //** Required if scaleOverride is true ** //Number - The number of steps in a hard coded scale scaleSteps : null, //Number - The value jump in the hard coded scale scaleStepWidth : null, //Number - The centre starting value scaleStartValue : null, //Boolean - Show line for each value in the scale scaleShowLine : true, //String - The colour of the scale line scaleLineColor : "rgba(0,0,0,.1)", //Number - The width of the line - in pixels scaleLineWidth : 1, //Boolean - whether we should show text labels scaleShowLabels : true, //Interpolated JS string - can access value scaleLabel : "<%=value%>", //String - Scale label font declaration for the scale label scaleFontFamily : "'Arial'", //Number - Scale label font size in pixels scaleFontSize : 12, //String - Scale label font weight style scaleFontStyle : "normal", //String - Scale label font colour scaleFontColor : "#666", //Boolean - Show a backdrop to the scale label scaleShowLabelBackdrop : true, //String - The colour of the label backdrop scaleBackdropColor : "rgba(255,255,255,0.75)", //Number - The backdrop padding above & below the label in pixels scaleBackdropPaddingY : 2, //Number - The backdrop padding to the side of the label in pixels scaleBackdropPaddingX : 2, //Boolean - Stroke a line around each segment in the chart segmentShowStroke : true, //String - The colour of the stroke on each segement. segmentStrokeColor : "#fff", //Number - The width of the stroke value in pixels segmentStrokeWidth : 2, //Boolean - Whether to animate the chart or not animation : true, //Number - Amount of animation steps animationSteps : 100, //String - Animation easing effect. animationEasing : "easeOutBounce", //Boolean - Whether to animate the rotation of the chart animateRotate : true, //Boolean - Whether to animate scaling the chart from the centre animateScale : false, //Function - This will fire when the animation of the chart is complete. onAnimationComplete : null }</code></pre> <p>饼图（Pie chart）</p> <h2>简介</h2> <p>Pie charts are probably the most commonly used chart there are. They are divided into segments, the arc of each segment shows a the proportional value of each piece of data.</p> <p>They are excellent at showing the relational proportions between data.</p> <h2>使用案例</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">new Chart(ctx).Pie(data,options);</code></pre> <h2>数据结构</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">var data = [ { value: 30, color:"#F38630" }, { value : 50, color : "#E0E4CC" }, { value : 100, color : "#69D2E7" } ]</code></pre> <p>For a pie chart, you must pass in an array of objects with a <code>value</code> and a <code>color</code> property. The <code>value</code> attribute should be a number, Chart.js will total all of the numbers and calculate the relative proportion of each. The <code>color</code> attribute should be a string. Similar to CSS, for this string you can use HEX notation, RGB, RGBA or HSL.</p> <h2>图表</h2> <p>These are the default options for the Pie chart. Pass in an object with any of these attributes to override them.</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">Pie.defaults = { //Boolean - Whether we should show a stroke on each segment segmentShowStroke : true, //String - The colour of each segment stroke segmentStrokeColor : "#fff", //Number - The width of each segment stroke segmentStrokeWidth : 2, //Boolean - Whether we should animate the chart animation : true, //Number - Amount of animation steps animationSteps : 100, //String - Animation easing effect animationEasing : "easeOutBounce", //Boolean - Whether we animate the rotation of the Pie animateRotate : true, //Boolean - Whether we animate scaling the Pie from the centre animateScale : false, //Function - Will fire on animation completion. onAnimationComplete : null }</code></pre> <p>环形图（Doughnut chart）</p> <h2>简介</h2> <p>Doughnut charts are similar to pie charts, however they have the centre cut out, and are therefore shaped more like a doughnut than a pie!</p> <p>They are aso excellent at showing the relational proportions between data.</p> <h2>使用案例</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">new Chart(ctx).Doughnut(data,options);</code></pre> <h2>数据结构</h2> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">var data = [ { value: 30, color:"#F7464A" }, { value : 50, color : "#E2EAE9" }, { value : 100, color : "#D4CCC5" }, { value : 40, color : "#949FB1" }, { value : 120, color : "#4D5360" } ]</code></pre> <p>For a doughnut chart, you must pass in an array of objects with a <code>value</code> and a <code>color</code> property. The <code>value</code> attribute should be a number, Chart.js will total all of the numbers and calculate the relative proportion of each. The <code>color</code> attribute should be a string. Similar to CSS, for this string you can use HEX notation, RGB, RGBA or HSL.</p> <h2>图表</h2> <p>These are the default options for the doughnut chart. Pass in an object with any of these attributes to override them.</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript">Doughnut.defaults = { //Boolean - Whether we should show a stroke on each segment segmentShowStroke : true, //String - The colour of each segment stroke segmentStrokeColor : "#fff", //Number - The width of each segment stroke segmentStrokeWidth : 2, //The percentage of the chart that we cut out of the middle. percentageInnerCutout : 50, //Boolean - Whether we should animate the chart animation : true, //Number - Amount of animation steps animationSteps : 100, //String - Animation easing effect animationEasing : "easeOutBounce", //Boolean - Whether we animate the rotation of the Doughnut animateRotate : true, //Boolean - Whether we animate scaling the Doughnut from the centre animateScale : false, //Function - Will fire on animation completion. onAnimationComplete : null }</code></pre> <p>General issues</p> <h2>Chart interactivity</h2> <p>If you are looking to add interaction as a layer to charts, Chart.js is <strong>not the library for you</strong>. A better option would be using SVG, as this will let you attach event listeners to any of the elements in the chart, as these are all DOM nodes.</p> <p>Chart.js uses the canvas element, which is a single DOM node, similar in characteristics to a static image. This does mean that it has a wider scope for compatibility, and less memory implications than SVG based charting solutions. The canvas element also allows for saving the contents as a base 64 string, allowing saving the chart as an image.</p> <p>In SVG, all of the lines, data points and everything you see is a DOM node. As a result of this, complex charts with a lot of intricacies, or many charts on the page will often see dips in performance when scrolling or generating the chart, especially when there are multiple on the page. SVG also has relatively poor mobile support, with Android not supporting SVG at all before version 3.0, and iOS before 5.0. (<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959673783788472508">caniuse.com/svg-html5</a>).</p> <h2>浏览器支持</h2> <p>所有现代浏览器和大部分手机浏览器都支持canvas(<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959673783875102628">caniuse.com/canvas</a>)。</p> <p>对于IE8及以下版本的浏览器，建议使用ExplorerCanvas - 见 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4958832122028211695">https://code.google.com/p/explorercanvas/</a>。对于不支持canvas的IE会自动降级为VML格式。使用方法:</p> <pre> <code class="language-javascript"><head> <!--[if lte IE 8]> <script src="excanvas.js"></script> <![endif]--> </head></code></pre> <p>Usually I would recommend feature detection to choose whether or not to load a polyfill, rather than IE conditional comments, however in this case, VML is a Microsoft proprietary format, so it will only work in IE.</p> <p>Some important points to note in my experience using ExplorerCanvas as a fallback.</p> <ul> <li>Initialise charts on load rather than DOMContentReady when using the library, as sometimes a race condition will occur, and it will result in an error when trying to get the 2d context of a canvas.</li> <li>New VML DOM elements are being created for each animation frame and there is no hardware acceleration. As a result animation is usually slow and jerky, with flashing text. It is a good idea to dynamically turn off animation based on canvas support. I recommend using the excellent <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4958338926375240463">Modernizr</a> to do this.</li> <li>When declaring fonts, the library explorercanvas requires the font name to be in single quotes inside the string. For example, instead of your scaleFontFamily property being simply "Arial", explorercanvas support, use "'Arial'" instead. Chart.js does this for default values.</li> </ul> <h2>Bugs & issues</h2> <p>Please report these on the Github page - at <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4958823320602968831">github.com/nnnick/Chart.js</a>.</p> <p>New contributions to the library are welcome.</p> <h2>License</h2> <p>Chart.js is open source and available under the <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4958849120936875745">MIT license</a>.</p> <p>来自：http://www.bootcss.com/p/chart.js/docs/</p> <p> </p>