Android系统启动-SystemServer上篇
AntonyCourt
9年前
<blockquote> <p>基于Android 6.0的源码剖析， 分析Android启动过程的system_server进程</p> </blockquote> <pre> <code class="language-java">/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java /frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java /frameworks/base/core/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java /frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java /frameworks/base/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp /frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/App_main.cpp （内含AppRuntime类） /frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp </code></pre> <h3>启动流程</h3> <p>SystemServer的在Android体系中所处的地位，SystemServer由Zygote fork生成的，进程名为<code>system_server</code>，该进程承载着framework的核心服务。<a href="http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1456803765078.html">Android系统启动-zygote篇</a>中讲到Zygote启动过程中，会调用startSystemServer()，可知<code>startSystemServer()</code>函数是system_server启动流程的起点，启动流程图如下：</p> <p><img alt="Android系统启动-SystemServer上篇" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/1f456bbdadb2f67674923b068deb7150.jpg" width="1147" height="329"></p> <p>上图前4步骤（即颜色为紫色的流程）运行在是<code>Zygote</code>进程，从第5步（即颜色为蓝色的流程）ZygoteInit.handleSystemServerProcess开始是运行在新创建的<code>system_server</code>，这是fork机制实现的（fork会返回2次）。下面从startSystemServer()开始讲解详细启动流程。</p> <h3>1. startSystemServer</h3> <p>[–>ZygoteInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName) throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException { ... //参数准备 String args[] = { "--setuid=1000", "--setgid=1000", "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007", "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities, "--nice-name=system_server", "--runtime-args", "com.android.server.SystemServer", }; ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null; int pid; try { //用于解析参数，生成目标格式 parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args); ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs); ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs); // fork子进程，该进程是system_server进程【见小节2】 pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids, parsedArgs.debugFlags, null, parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities, parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } //进入子进程system_server if (pid == 0) { if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) { waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName); } // 完成system_server进程剩余的工作 【见小节5】 handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs); } return true; } </code></pre> <p>准备参数并fork新进程，从上面可以看出system server进程参数信息为uid=1000,gid=1000,进程名为sytem_server，从zygote进程fork新进程后，需要关闭zygote原有的socket。另外，对于有两个zygote进程情况，需等待第2个zygote创建完成。</p> <h3>2 forkSystemServer</h3> <p>[–>Zygote.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags, int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) { VM_HOOKS.preFork(); // 调用native方法fork system_server进程【见小节3】 int pid = nativeForkSystemServer( uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities); if (pid == 0) { Trace.setTracingEnabled(true); } VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon(); return pid; } </code></pre> <p>nativeForkSystemServer()，该native方法事在AndroidRuntime.cpp中注册的，然后调用com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp中的register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote()方法完成nativeForkSystemServer()与com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer()方法的一一映射关系，也就是会进入下面的方法。</p> <h3>3. nativeForkSystemServer</h3> <p>[–>com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer( JNIEnv* env, jclass, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids, jint debug_flags, jobjectArray rlimits, jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities) { //fork子进程，见【见小节4】 pid_t pid = ForkAndSpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, debug_flags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities, MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL, true, NULL, NULL, NULL); if (pid > 0) { // zygote进程，检测system_server进程是否创建 gSystemServerPid = pid; int status; if (waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) == pid) { //当system_server进程死亡后，重启zygote进程 RuntimeAbort(env); } } return pid; } </code></pre> <p>当system_server进程创建失败时，将会重启zygote进程。这里需要注意，对于Android 5.0以上系统，有两个zygote进程，分别是zygote、zygote64两个进程，system_server的父进程，一般来说64位系统其父进程是zygote64进程</p> <ol> <li>当kill system_server进程后，只重启zygote64和system_server，不重启zygote;</li> <li>当kill zygote64进程后，只重启zygote64和system_server，也不重启zygote；</li> <li>当kill zygote进程，则重启zygote、zygote64以及system_server。</li> </ol> <h3>4. ForkAndSpecializeCommon</h3> <p>[–>com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">static pid_t ForkAndSpecializeCommon(JNIEnv* env, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray javaGids, jint debug_flags, jobjectArray javaRlimits, jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities, jint mount_external, jstring java_se_info, jstring java_se_name, bool is_system_server, jintArray fdsToClose, jstring instructionSet, jstring dataDir) { SetSigChldHandler(); //设置子进程的signal信号处理函数 pid_t pid = fork(); //fork子进程 if (pid == 0) { //进入子进程 DetachDescriptors(env, fdsToClose); //关闭并清除文件描述符 if (!is_system_server) { //对于非system_server子进程，则创建进程组 int rc = createProcessGroup(uid, getpid()); } SetGids(env, javaGids); //设置设置group SetRLimits(env, javaRlimits); //设置资源limit int rc = setresgid(gid, gid, gid); rc = setresuid(uid, uid, uid); SetCapabilities(env, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities); SetSchedulerPolicy(env); //设置调度策略 //selinux上下文 rc = selinux_android_setcontext(uid, is_system_server, se_info_c_str, se_name_c_str); if (se_info_c_str == NULL && is_system_server) { se_name_c_str = "system_server"; } if (se_info_c_str != NULL) { SetThreadName(se_name_c_str); //设置线程名为system_server，方便调试 } UnsetSigChldHandler(); //设置子进程的signal信号处理函数为默认函数 //等价于调用zygote.callPostForkChildHooks() env->CallStaticVoidMethod(gZygoteClass, gCallPostForkChildHooks, debug_flags, is_system_server ? NULL : instructionSet); ... } else if (pid > 0) { //进入父进程，即zygote进程 } return pid; } </code></pre> <p>fork()创建新进程，采用copy on write方式，这是linux创建进程的标准方法，会有两次return,对于pid==0为子进程的返回，对于pid>0为父进程的返回。 到此system_server进程已完成了创建的所有工作，接下来开始了system_server进程的真正工作。在前面startSystemServer()方法中，zygote进程执行完forkSystemServer()后，新创建出来的system_server进程便进入handleSystemServerProcess()方法。关于fork()，可查看另一个文章<a href="http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1459854633503.html">理解Android进程创建流程</a>。</p> <h3>5. handleSystemServerProcess</h3> <p>[–>ZygoteInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static void handleSystemServerProcess( ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller { closeServerSocket(); //关闭父进程zygote复制而来的Socket Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO); if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) { Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName); //设置当前进程名为"system_server" } final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH"); if (systemServerClasspath != null) { //执行dex优化操作【见小节6】 performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath); } if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) { String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs; if (systemServerClasspath != null) { String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length + 2]; amendedArgs[0] = "-cp"; amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath; System.arraycopy(parsedArgs.remainingArgs, 0, amendedArgs, 2, parsedArgs.remainingArgs.length); } //启动应用进程 WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith, parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args); } else { ClassLoader cl = null; if (systemServerClasspath != null) { 创建类加载器，并赋予当前线程 cl = new PathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()); Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl); } //system_server故进入此分支【见小节7】 RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl); } /* should never reach here */ } </code></pre> <p>此处<code>systemServerClasspath</code>至少包含/system/framework/services.jar，当然也可以不止于此，比如还可以包含/system/framework/ethernet-service.jar, /system/framework/wifi-service.jar等。</p> <h3>6. performSystemServerDexOpt</h3> <p>[–>ZygoteInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static void performSystemServerDexOpt(String classPath) { final String[] classPathElements = classPath.split(":"); //创建一个与installd的建立socket连接 final InstallerConnection installer = new InstallerConnection(); //执行ping操作，直到与installd服务端连通为止 installer.waitForConnection(); final String instructionSet = VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmInstructionSet(); try { for (String classPathElement : classPathElements) { final int dexoptNeeded = DexFile.getDexOptNeeded( classPathElement, "*", instructionSet, false /* defer */); if (dexoptNeeded != DexFile.NO_DEXOPT_NEEDED) { //以system权限，执行dex文件优化 installer.dexopt(classPathElement, Process.SYSTEM_UID, false, instructionSet, dexoptNeeded); } } } catch (IOException ioe) { throw new RuntimeException("Error starting system_server", ioe); } finally { installer.disconnect(); //断开与installd的socket连接 } } </code></pre> <p>将classPath字符串中的apk，分别进行dex优化操作。真正执行优化工作通过socket通信将相应的命令参数，发送给installd来完成。</p> <h3>7. zygoteInit</h3> <p>[–>RuntimeInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "RuntimeInit"); redirectLogStreams(); //重定向log输出 commonInit(); // 通用的一些初始化【见小节8】 nativeZygoteInit(); // zygote初始化 【见小节9】 applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader); // 应用初始化【见小节10】 } </code></pre> <h3>8. commonInit</h3> <p>[–>RuntimeInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static final void commonInit() { // 设置默认的未捕捉异常处理方法 Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new UncaughtHandler()); // 设置市区，中国时区为"Asia/Shanghai" TimezoneGetter.setInstance(new TimezoneGetter() { @Override public String getId() { return SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone"); } }); TimeZone.setDefault(null); //重置log配置 LogManager.getLogManager().reset(); new AndroidConfig(); // 设置默认的HTTP User-agent格式,用于 HttpURLConnection。 String userAgent = getDefaultUserAgent(); System.setProperty("http.agent", userAgent); // 设置socket的tag，用于网络流量统计 NetworkManagementSocketTagger.install(); } </code></pre> <p>默认的HTTP User-agent格式，例如：</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"> "Dalvik/1.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 6.0.1；LenovoX3c70 Build/LMY47V)". </code></pre> <h3>9. nativeZygoteInit</h3> <p>nativeZygoteInit()方法在AndroidRuntime.cpp中，进行了jni映射，对应下面的方法。</p> <p>[–>AndroidRuntime.cpp]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) { gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit(); //此处的gCurRuntime为AppRuntime，是在AndroidRuntime.cpp中定义的 } </code></pre> <p>[–>app_main.cpp]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">virtual void onZygoteInit() { sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self(); proc->startThreadPool(); //启动新binder线程 } </code></pre> <p>ProcessState::self()是单例模式，主要工作是调用open()打开/dev/binder驱动设备，再利用mmap()映射内核的地址空间，将Binder驱动的fd赋值ProcessState对象中的变量mDriverFD，用于交互操作。startThreadPool()是创建一个新的binder线程，不断进行talkWithDriver()，在binder系列文章中的<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959669985317934411">注册服务(addService)</a>详细这两个方法的执行原理。</p> <h3>10. applicationInit</h3> <p>[–>RuntimeInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller { //true代表应用程序退出时不调用AppRuntime.onExit()，否则会在退出前调用 nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true); //设置虚拟机的内存利用率参数值为0.75 VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f); VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion); final Arguments args; try { args = new Arguments(argv); //解析参数 } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { Slog.e(TAG, ex.getMessage()); return; } Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); //调用startClass的static方法 main() 【见小节11】 invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader); } 在startSystemServer()方法中通过硬编码初始化参数，可知此处args.startClass为"com.android.server.SystemServer"。 </code></pre> <h3>11. invokeStaticMain</h3> <p>[–>RuntimeInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller { Class<?> cl; try { cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Missing class when invoking static main " + className, ex); } Method m; try { m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class }); } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Missing static main on " + className, ex); } catch (SecurityException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Problem getting static main on " + className, ex); } int modifiers = m.getModifiers(); if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) { throw new RuntimeException( "Main method is not public and static on " + className); } //通过抛出异常，回到ZygoteInit.main()。这样做好处是能清空栈帧，提高栈帧利用率。【见小节12】 throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv); } </code></pre> <h3>12. MethodAndArgsCaller</h3> <p>在<a href="http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1456803765078.html">Android系统启动-zygote篇</a>中遗留了一个问题没有讲解，如下：</p> <p>[–>ZygoteInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static void main(String argv[]) { try { startSystemServer(abiList, socketName);//启动system_server .... } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) { caller.run(); //【见小节13】 } catch (RuntimeException ex) { closeServerSocket(); throw ex; } } </code></pre> <p>现在已经很明显了，是invokeStaticMain()方法中抛出的异常<code>MethodAndArgsCaller</code>，从而进入caller.run()方法。</p> <p>[–>ZygoteInit.java]</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception implements Runnable { public void run() { try { //根据传递过来的参数，可知此处通过反射机制调用的是SystemServer.main()方法 mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs }); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { Throwable cause = ex.getCause(); if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) cause; } else if (cause instanceof Error) { throw (Error) cause; } throw new RuntimeException(ex); } } } </code></pre> <p>到此，总算是进入到了SystemServer类的main()方法， 在文章<a href="http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1463014879470.html">Android系统启动-SystemServer下篇</a>中会紧接着这里开始讲述。</p> <p>来源：<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959673005241344691">http://gityuan.com/2016/02/14/android-system-server/</a></p>