Java 8方法引用使用指南

helloyou0 8年前
   <p> </p>    <p>【编者按】本文作者为拥有15年Java 开发经验的资深程序员 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959672958316577144" rel="nofollow,noindex">Per-Åke Minborg</a> ,主要介绍如何灵活地解析 Java 中的方法引用。文章系国内ITOM 管理平台OneAPM 编译呈现。</p>    <h2>方法引用</h2>    <p>众所周知,在Java 8中我们可以使用方法引用。譬如,在我们需要遍历流元素时,可以使用 String::isEmpty 来引用 isEmpty 方法。试看下面这段代码:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">Stream.of("A", "", "B").filter(Stream::isEmpty).count();</code></pre>    <p>运行的结果为1(因为在这个流中只有一个空元素)。但是,如果我们要过滤出非空字符串,我们得写成 .filter(s -> !s.isEmpty()) 。这是一个Lambda表达式。显然,这儿有个讨厌的不对称想象。我们可以使用方法引用,但却不能用它的反式。我们可以写 predicate.negate() 却不能写 Stream::isEmpty.negate() 或 !Stream::isEmpty 。</p>    <p>为什么呢?这是因为方法引用并非Lambda表达式或者函数接口。不过,使用Java的类型推导可以将方法引用解析为一个或多个函数接口。上例中的 String::isEmpty 至少可以解析为:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">Predicate<String>  Function<String, Boolean></code></pre>    <p>所以,我们要排除其他可能性,确定到底将方法引用转换为哪个函数接口。本文在一定程度上解决了该问题。文中的代码来自开源项目 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959672958408135823" rel="nofollow,noindex">Speedment</a> ,它让数据库看起来像Java 8的流。</p>    <h2>解析方法引用</h2>    <p>其实,以静态方法为“管道”,可以部分地解决这个问题——该静态方法以一个方法引用为输入,以特定的函数接口为其返回。试考虑下面这个简短的静态方法:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public static <T> Predicate<T> as(Predicate<T> predicate) {      return predicate;  }</code></pre>    <p>现在,如果静态地导入这个方法,事实上,我们就能更简单地使用方法引用。如下例所示:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">Stream.of("A", "", "B").filter(as(String::isEmpty).negate()).count();</code></pre>    <p>这段代码返回的结果为2,即流中非空元素的数量。有关方法引用的使用方式,我们又向前迈进了一步。另一个好处是,这个解决方案让我们更轻松地编写predicates接口,例如:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">.filter(as(String::isEmpty).negate().and("A"::equals))</code></pre>    <h2>解析所有方法引用</h2>    <p>但是,现在仍有一个问题亟待解决。我们不能随随便便地创建一大堆静态 as() 函数,因为一个方法引用可能解析为多种 as() 方法,正如本文开头提到的那样。所以,一个更妙的解决方案,是把函数接口类型名添加至每个静态方法,这样我们就可以程序化地为每个函数接口转换方法选择一个特定的方法引用。我们有一个工具类,可以让每个方法引用都转换为Java标准包 `java.util.function中任意匹配的函数接口。</p>    <p>直接在 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959672958483642027" rel="nofollow,noindex">GitHub</a> 下载最新版本</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">import java.util.function.*;  /**   *   * @author Per Minborg   */  public class FunctionCastUtil {      public static <T, U> BiConsumer<T, U> asBiConsumer(BiConsumer<T, U> biConsumer) {          return biConsumer;      }      public static <T, U, R> BiFunction<T, U, R> asBiFunction(BiFunction<T, U, R> biFunction) {          return biFunction;      }      public static <T> BinaryOperator<T> asBinaryOperator(BinaryOperator<T> binaryOperator) {          return binaryOperator;      }      public static <T, U> BiPredicate<T, U> asBiPredicate(BiPredicate<T, U> biPredicate) {          return biPredicate;      }      public static BooleanSupplier asBooleanSupplier(BooleanSupplier booleanSupplier) {          return booleanSupplier;      }      public static <T> Consumer<T> asConsumer(Consumer<T> consumer) {          return consumer;      }      public static DoubleBinaryOperator asDoubleBinaryOperator(DoubleBinaryOperator doubleBinaryOperator) {          return doubleBinaryOperator;      }      public static DoubleConsumer asDoubleConsumer(DoubleConsumer doubleConsumer) {          return doubleConsumer;      }      public static <R> DoubleFunction<R> asDoubleFunction(DoubleFunction<R> doubleFunction) {          return doubleFunction;      }      public static DoublePredicate asDoublePredicate(DoublePredicate doublePredicate) {          return doublePredicate;      }      public static DoubleToIntFunction asDoubleToIntFunction(DoubleToIntFunction doubleToIntFunctiontem) {          return doubleToIntFunctiontem;      }      public static DoubleToLongFunction asDoubleToLongFunction(DoubleToLongFunction doubleToLongFunction) {          return doubleToLongFunction;      }      public static DoubleUnaryOperator asDoubleUnaryOperator(DoubleUnaryOperator doubleUnaryOperator) {          return doubleUnaryOperator;      }      public static <T, R> Function<T, R> asFunction(Function<T, R> function) {          return function;      }      public static IntBinaryOperator asIntBinaryOperator(IntBinaryOperator intBinaryOperator) {          return intBinaryOperator;      }      public static IntConsumer asIntConsumer(IntConsumer intConsumer) {          return intConsumer;      }      public static <R> IntFunction<R> asIntFunction(IntFunction<R> intFunction) {          return intFunction;      }      public static IntPredicate asIntPredicate(IntPredicate intPredicate) {          return intPredicate;      }      public static IntSupplier asIntSupplier(IntSupplier intSupplier) {          return intSupplier;      }      public static IntToDoubleFunction asIntToDoubleFunction(IntToDoubleFunction intToDoubleFunction) {          return intToDoubleFunction;      }      public static IntToLongFunction asIntToLongFunction(IntToLongFunction intToLongFunction) {          return intToLongFunction;      }      public static IntUnaryOperator asIntUnaryOperator(IntUnaryOperator intUnaryOperator) {          return intUnaryOperator;      }      public static LongBinaryOperator asLongBinaryOperator(LongBinaryOperator longBinaryOperator) {          return longBinaryOperator;      }      public static LongConsumer asLongConsumer(LongConsumer longConsumer) {          return longConsumer;      }      public static <R> LongFunction<R> asLongFunction(LongFunction<R> longFunction) {          return longFunction;      }      public static LongPredicate asLongPredicate(LongPredicate longPredicate) {          return longPredicate;      }      public static <T> LongSupplier asLongSupplier(LongSupplier longSupplier) {          return longSupplier;      }      public static LongToDoubleFunction asLongToDoubleFunction(LongToDoubleFunction longToDoubleFunction) {          return longToDoubleFunction;      }      public static LongToIntFunction asLongToIntFunction(LongToIntFunction longToIntFunction) {          return longToIntFunction;      }      public static LongUnaryOperator asLongUnaryOperator(LongUnaryOperator longUnaryOperator) {          return longUnaryOperator;      }      public static <T> ObjDoubleConsumer<T> asObjDoubleConsumer(ObjDoubleConsumer<T> objDoubleConsumer) {          return objDoubleConsumer;      }      public static <T> ObjIntConsumer<T> asObjIntConsumer(ObjIntConsumer<T> objIntConsumer) {          return objIntConsumer;      }      public static <T> ObjLongConsumer<T> asObjLongConsumer(ObjLongConsumer<T> objLongConsumer) {          return objLongConsumer;      }      public static <T> Predicate<T> asPredicate(Predicate<T> predicate) {          return predicate;      }      public static <T> Supplier<T> asSupplier(Supplier<T> supplier) {          return supplier;      }      public static <T, U> ToDoubleBiFunction<T, U> asToDoubleBiFunction(ToDoubleBiFunction<T, U> toDoubleBiFunction) {          return toDoubleBiFunction;      }      public static <T> ToDoubleFunction<T> asToDoubleFunction(ToDoubleFunction<T> toDoubleFunction) {          return toDoubleFunction;      }      public static <T, U> ToIntBiFunction<T, U> asToIntBiFunction(ToIntBiFunction<T, U> toIntBiFunction) {          return toIntBiFunction;      }      public static <T> ToIntFunction<T> asToIntFunction(ToIntFunction<T> ioIntFunction) {          return ioIntFunction;      }      public static <T, U> ToLongBiFunction<T, U> asToLongBiFunction(ToLongBiFunction<T, U> toLongBiFunction) {          return toLongBiFunction;      }      public static <T> ToLongFunction<T> asToLongFunction(ToLongFunction<T> toLongFunction) {          return toLongFunction;      }      public static <T> UnaryOperator<T> asUnaryOperator(UnaryOperator<T> unaryOperator) {          return unaryOperator;      }      private FunctionCastUtil() {      }  }</code></pre>    <p>在静态导入了相关方法之后,我们就可以这样写:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">Stream.of("A", "", "B").filter(asPredicate(String::isEmpty).negate()).count();</code></pre>    <h2>一个更好的解决方案</h2>    <p>如果 <strong>函数接口本身</strong> 就包含一个接收方法引用并将其转换为某类函数接口的静态方法,那就更好了。举例来说,标准的Java Predicated 函数接口就会变成这样:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">@FunctionalInterface  public interface Predicate<T> {      boolean test(T t);      default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {...}      default Predicate<T> negate() {...}      default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {...}      static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {...}      // New proposed support method to return a       // Predicate view of a Functional Reference       public static <T> Predicate<T> of(Predicate<T> predicate) {          return predicate;      }  }</code></pre>    <p>因此,我们可以这样写:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">Stream.of("A", "", "B").filter(Predicate.of(String::isEmpty).negate()).count();</code></pre>    <p>笔者觉得这样看起来好极了!</p>    <p>快联系离你最近的Open JDK开发人员,提出你的修改建议吧!</p>    <p>OneAPM 能为您提供端到端的Java 应用性能解决方案,我们支持所有常见的 Java 框架及应用服务器,助您快速发现系统瓶颈,定位异常根本原因。分钟级部署,即刻体验,Java 监控从来没有如此简单。想阅读更多技术文章,请访问OneAPM 官方技术博客。</p>    <p>via: http://blog.oneapm.com/apm-tech/692.html</p>