redis windows下的环境搭建

来自： http://blog.csdn.net/wgw335363240/article/details/24469159

感觉这东西跟mongodb差不多，安装和布置挺简单，
下载地址：https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/downloads 下载下来的包里有两个，
一个是32位的，一个是64位的。根据自己的实情情况选择，我的是64bit，
把这个文件夹复制到其它地方，比如E:\TRS\redis目录下。
打开一个cmd窗口  使用cd命令切换目录到E:\TRS\redis 运行 redis-server.exe redis.conf
如果想方便的话，可以把redis的路径加到系统的环境变量里，这样就省得再输路径了，后面的那个redis.conf可以省略，如果省略，会启用默认的。输入之后，会显示如下界面：

这时候别启一个cmd窗口，原来的不要关闭，不然就无法访问服务端了
切换到redis目录下运行 redis-cli.exe -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 出现下图：

这时候，就已经完成配置了，现在说下它的的redis.conf配置文件。下面是相关项的说明，

# Redis configuration file example         # Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy    # it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:    #    # 1k => 1000 bytes    # 1kb => 1024 bytes    # 1m => 1000000 bytes    # 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes    # 1g => 1000000000 bytes    # 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes    #    # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.         # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.    # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.    daemonize no      Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程         # When running daemonized, Redis writes a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by    # default. You can specify a custom pid file location here.    pidfile /var/run/redis.pid    当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定    # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379.    # If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.    port 6379    指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379    # If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not    # specified all the interfaces will listen for incoming connections.    #    # bind 127.0.0.1    绑定的主机地址    # Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for    # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen    # on a unix socket when not specified.    #    # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock    # unixsocketperm 755         # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)    timeout 0    当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能    # Set server verbosity to 'debug'    # it can be one of:    # debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)    # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)    # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)    # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)    loglevel verbose    指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose    # Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force    # Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard    # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null    logfile stdout    日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null    # To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,    # and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.    # syslog-enabled no         # Specify the syslog identity.    # syslog-ident redis         # Specify the syslog facility.  Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.    # syslog-facility local0         # Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select    # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where    # dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1    databases 16    设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id    ################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################    #    # Save the DB on disk:    #    #   save <seconds> <changes>    #    #   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given    #   number of write operations against the DB occurred.    #    #   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:    #   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed    #   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed    #   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed    #    #   Note: you can disable saving at all commenting all the "save" lines.         save 900 1    save 300 10    save 60 10000    分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。    指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合    # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?    # For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.    # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but    # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.    rdbcompression yes    指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大    # The filename where to dump the DB    dbfilename dump.rdb    指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb    # The working directory.    #    # The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified    # above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.    #     # Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.    #     # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.    dir ./    指定本地数据库存放目录    ################################# REPLICATION #################################         # Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of    # another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave    # so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a    # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.    #    # slaveof <masterip> <masterport>    slaveof <masterip> <masterport> 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步    # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration    # directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before    # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will    # refuse the slave request.    #    # masterauth <master-password>    masterauth <master-password> 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码    # When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication    # is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:    #    # 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will    #    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the    #    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.    #    # 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with    #    an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands    #    but to INFO and SLAVEOF.    #    slave-serve-stale-data yes         # Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change    # this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10    # seconds.    #    # repl-ping-slave-period 10         # The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and    # master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.    #    # It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value    # specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected    # every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.    #    # repl-timeout 60         ################################## SECURITY ###################################         # Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other    # commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust    # others with access to the host running redis-server.    #    # This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most    # people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).    #     # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to    # 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should    # use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.    #    # requirepass foobared     requirepass foobared 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭    # Command renaming.    #    # It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared    # environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something    # of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use    # tools but not available for general clients.    #    # Example:    #    # rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52    #    # It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into    # an empty string:    #    # rename-command CONFIG ""         ################################### LIMITS ####################################         # Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there    # is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process    # is able to open. The special value '0' means no limits.    # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending    # an error 'max number of clients reached'.    #    # maxclients 128    maxclients 128 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息    # Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.    # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an    # EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire    # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.    # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.    #    # If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands    # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue    # to reply to most read-only commands like GET.    #    # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a    # 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real    # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if    # it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time    # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get    # errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.    #    # maxmemory <bytes>     maxmemory <bytes>指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区    # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory    # is reached? You can select among five behavior:    #     # volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm    # allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm    # volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set    # allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key    # volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)    # noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations    #     # Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write    #       operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.    #    #       At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append    #       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd    #       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby    #       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby    #       getset mset msetnx exec sort    #    # The default is:    #    # maxmemory-policy volatile-lru         # LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated    # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample    # size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and    # pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size    # using the following configuration directive.    #    # maxmemory-samples 3         ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################         # By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live    # with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash    # happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot    # about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should    # enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append    # every write operation received in the file appendonly.aof. This file will    # be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.    #    # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you    # like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).    # Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the    # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.    #    # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append    # log file in background when it gets too big.         appendonly no    appendonly no指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no    # The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")    # appendfilename appendonly.aof     appendfilename appendonly.aof指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof    # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk    # instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush     # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.    #    # Redis supports three different modes:    #    # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.    # always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.    # everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.    #    # The default is "everysec" that's usually the right compromise between    # speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to    # "no" that will will let the operating system flush the output buffer when    # it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of    # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),    # or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than    # everysec.    #    # If unsure, use "everysec".         # appendfsync always    appendfsync everysec    # appendfsync no    指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：    no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）    always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）    everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）    # When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background    # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is    # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations    # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for    # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block    # our synchronous write(2) call.    #    # In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option    # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a    # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.    #    # This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is    # the same as "appendfsync none", that in pratical terms means that it is    # possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the    # default Linux settings).    #     # If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as    # "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.    no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no         # Automatic rewrite of the append only file.    # Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling    # BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.    #     # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the    # latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of    # the AOF at startup is used).    #    # This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is    # bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also    # you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this    # is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase    # is reached but it is still pretty small.    #    # Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF    # rewrite feature.         auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100    auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb         ################################## SLOW LOG ###################################         # The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified    # execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations    # like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,    # but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only    # stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve    # other requests in the meantime).    #     # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis    # what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the    # command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the    # slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the    # queue of logged commands.         # The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent    # to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while    # a value of zero forces the logging of every command.    slowlog-log-slower-than 10000         # There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.    # You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.    slowlog-max-len 1024         ################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ###############################         ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4    ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.         ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4    ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.         # Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual    # amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.    # In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys    # are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do    # with memory pages.    #    # To enable VM just set 'vm-enabled' to yes, and set the following three    # VM parameters accordingly to your needs.         vm-enabled no    指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）    # vm-enabled yes         # This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files    # can't be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap    # file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the    # swap file is already in use.    #    # The best kind of storage for the Redis swap file (that's accessed at random)     # is a Solid State Disk (SSD).    #    # *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting    # the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted    # only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there.    vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap    虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享    # vm-max-memory configures the VM to use at max the specified amount of    # RAM. Everything that deos not fit will be swapped on disk *if* possible, that    # is, if there is still enough contiguous space in the swap file.    #    # With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good    # default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it's    # better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM    # that's more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM.    vm-max-memory 0    将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0    # Redis swap files is split into pages. An object can be saved using multiple    # contiguous pages, but pages can't be shared between different objects.    # So if your page is too big, small objects swapped out on disk will waste    # a lot of space. If you page is too small, there is less space in the swap    # file (assuming you configured the same number of total swap file pages).    #    # If you use a lot of small objects, use a page size of 64 or 32 bytes.    # If you use a lot of big objects, use a bigger page size.    # If unsure, use the default :)    vm-page-size 32    Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值    # Number of total memory pages in the swap file.    # Given that the page table (a bitmap of free/used pages) is taken in memory,    # every 8 pages on disk will consume 1 byte of RAM.    #    # The total swap size is vm-page-size * vm-pages    #    # With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will    # use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table.    #    # It's better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,    # but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.    vm-pages 134217728    设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。    # Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.    # This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they    # also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger    # number of threads can help with big objects even if they can't help with    # I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many    # reads/writes operations at the same time.    #    # The special value of 0 turn off threaded I/O and enables the blocking    # Virtual Memory implementation.    vm-max-threads 4    设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4    ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################         # Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they    # have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not    # exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following    # configuration directives.    hash-max-zipmap-entries 512    hash-max-zipmap-value 64    指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法    # Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order    # to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when    # you are under the following limits:    list-max-ziplist-entries 512    list-max-ziplist-value 64         # Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed    # of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range    # of 64 bit signed integers.    # The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the    # set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.    set-max-intset-entries 512         # Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in    # order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and    # elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:    zset-max-ziplist-entries 128    zset-max-ziplist-value 64         # Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in    # order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level    # keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c)    # performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table    # that is rhashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the    # server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used    # by the hash table.    #     # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to    # active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.    #    # If unsure:    # use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is    # not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time    # to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.    #    # use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but    # want to free memory asap when possible.    activerehashing yes         ################################## INCLUDES ###################################         # Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you    # have a standard template that goes to all redis server but also need    # to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include    # other files, so use this wisely.    #    # include /path/to/local.conf    # include /path/to/other.conf