Unity学习笔记(5) --- Unity的界面排版:AutoLayout详解——关于高度height的计算

ikog7018 9年前

来自: http://blog.csdn.net//likendsl/article/details/50556749


该文转自:原文链接,写的是深入浅出,如果你也觉得精彩,可以移步去打赏一下。大笑

首先看一个例子,新建一个Panel,在下面添加两个Button,分别命名为Button、Button2。
1、给Panel添加一个VerticalLayoutGroup组件,ChildForceExpand属性中勾上Width。
2、给Button、Button2添加LayoutElement组件,其中Button的FlexibleHeight设置为0.3,Button2的FlexibleHeight设置为0.1
3、将Panel的高度设置为100


1-1


1-2

这时我们发现,Button的高度是70,Button2的高度是30。奇怪,这个高度是怎么算出来的呢?

网上搜索一番,竟然很少有人讨论uGUI的AutoLayout,尤其是flexibleWidth/Height属性的意义,官方文档也语焉不详。这时只能放大招了,uGUI已经开源,索性把代码拉下来看看到底怎么实现的。下面是托管代码的地址:
https://bitbucket.org/Unity-Technologies/ui

uGUI的AutoLayout有三个核心接口,定义在ILayoutElement.cs文件中:
ILayoutElement
ILayoutController
ILayoutIgnorer

结构很清晰,由ILayoutElement提供布局信息,ILayoutController来控制布局,ILayoutIgnore提供给UI忽略AutoLayout的能力。

例子中使用的VerticalLayoutGroup继承自HorizontalOrVerticalLayoutGroup,这个类实现了布局的核心逻辑,代码量不多,我就直接贴上来了

protected void CalcAlongAxis(int axis, bool isVertical) {      float combinedPadding = (axis == 0 ? padding.horizontal : padding.vertical);        float totalMin = combinedPadding;      float totalPreferred = combinedPadding;      float totalFlexible = 0;        bool alongOtherAxis = (isVertical ^ (axis == 1));      for (int i = 0; i < rectChildren.Count; i++)      {          RectTransform child = rectChildren[i];          float min = LayoutUtility.GetMinSize(child, axis);          float preferred = LayoutUtility.GetPreferredSize(child, axis);          float flexible = LayoutUtility.GetFlexibleSize(child, axis);          if ((axis == 0 ? childForceExpandWidth : childForceExpandHeight))              flexible = Mathf.Max(flexible, 1);            if (alongOtherAxis)          {              totalMin = Mathf.Max(min + combinedPadding, totalMin);              totalPreferred = Mathf.Max(preferred + combinedPadding, totalPreferred);              totalFlexible = Mathf.Max(flexible, totalFlexible);          }          else          {              totalMin += min + spacing;              totalPreferred += preferred + spacing;                // Increment flexible size with element's flexible size.              totalFlexible += flexible;          }      }        if (!alongOtherAxis && rectChildren.Count > 0)      {          totalMin -= spacing;          totalPreferred -= spacing;      }      totalPreferred = Mathf.Max(totalMin, totalPreferred);      SetLayoutInputForAxis(totalMin, totalPreferred, totalFlexible, axis);  }    protected void SetChildrenAlongAxis(int axis, bool isVertical) {      float size = rectTransform.rect.size[axis];        bool alongOtherAxis = (isVertical ^ (axis == 1));      if (alongOtherAxis)      {          float innerSize = size - (axis == 0 ? padding.horizontal : padding.vertical);          for (int i = 0; i < rectChildren.Count; i++)          {              RectTransform child = rectChildren[i];              float min = LayoutUtility.GetMinSize(child, axis);              float preferred = LayoutUtility.GetPreferredSize(child, axis);              float flexible = LayoutUtility.GetFlexibleSize(child, axis);              if ((axis == 0 ? childForceExpandWidth : childForceExpandHeight))                  flexible = Mathf.Max(flexible, 1);                float requiredSpace = Mathf.Clamp(innerSize, min, flexible > 0 ? size : preferred);              float startOffset = GetStartOffset(axis, requiredSpace);              SetChildAlongAxis(child, axis, startOffset, requiredSpace);          }      }      else      {          float pos = (axis == 0 ? padding.left : padding.top);          if (GetTotalFlexibleSize(axis) == 0 && GetTotalPreferredSize(axis) < size)              pos = GetStartOffset(axis, GetTotalPreferredSize(axis) - (axis == 0 ? padding.horizontal : padding.vertical));            float minMaxLerp = 0;          if (GetTotalMinSize(axis) != GetTotalPreferredSize(axis))              minMaxLerp = Mathf.Clamp01((size - GetTotalMinSize(axis)) / (GetTotalPreferredSize(axis) - GetTotalMinSize(axis)));            float itemFlexibleMultiplier = 0;          if (size > GetTotalPreferredSize(axis))          {              if (GetTotalFlexibleSize(axis) > 0)                  itemFlexibleMultiplier = (size - GetTotalPreferredSize(axis)) / GetTotalFlexibleSize(axis);          }            for (int i = 0; i < rectChildren.Count; i++)          {              RectTransform child = rectChildren[i];              float min = LayoutUtility.GetMinSize(child, axis);              float preferred = LayoutUtility.GetPreferredSize(child, axis);              float flexible = LayoutUtility.GetFlexibleSize(child, axis);              if ((axis == 0 ? childForceExpandWidth : childForceExpandHeight))                  flexible = Mathf.Max(flexible, 1);                float childSize = Mathf.Lerp(min, preferred, minMaxLerp);              childSize += flexible * itemFlexibleMultiplier;              SetChildAlongAxis(child, axis, pos, childSize);              pos += childSize + spacing;          }      }  }

其中SetChildrenAlongAxis方法清晰地阐释了minHeight,preferredHeight,flexibleHeight的涵义。

为了帮助理解,我们先定义几个概念。我们把当前UI所有同级并参与自动布局的组件的preferredHeight总和称为totalPreferredHeight,minHeight的总和称为totalMinHeight,父UI的真实高度称为realHeight。总结如下:

1、minHeight
在自动布局中,此UI最小高度不会小于minHeight。这个参数定义了realHeight < totalMinHeight时,当前子UI的height为minHeight。

2、preferredHeight
可以理解为,UI自身希望的高度。
当totalMinHeight < realHeight < totalPreferredHeight时,realHeight处于totalMinHeight和totalPreferredHeight之间一定百分比,把这个比例应用到每一个接受自动布局的子UI上,即是我们最终得到的效果


1-3

3、flexibleHeight
当realHeight > totalPreferredHeight时,父UI会剩下一部分高度。flexibleHeight就是告诉AutoLayout系统,应该怎么瓜分剩下的高度,使子UI填充满父UI。flexibleHeight默认是-1,不会进行扩充。当flexibleHeight > 0时,flexibleHeight值作为权重来计算当前子UI最终的高度,公式如下:

height = preferredHeight + (flexibleHeight / totalFlexibleHeight) * (realHeight - totalPreferredHeight)


flexibleHeight示意图

弄清楚这些概念后,我们再看一下文章开头的例子。
button1的flexibleHeight=0.3,button2的flexibleHeight=0.1,minHeight和preferredHeight都没有设置,按道理高度应该分别是75、25。为什么会出现70、30?

查一下ILayoutElement的实现类


ILayoutElement实现类

发现Image和Text实现了ILayoutElement,而我们的按钮中默认是有一个Image组件的,用脚本获取这个Image然后打印它的preferredHeight,发现等于10
再套用flexibleHeight的计算公式:
Button1:10 + 0.3/0.4 (100 - 20) = 70
Button2:10 + 0.1/0.4 
(100 - 20) = 30

这里有个问题,一个GameObject上挂载两个ILayoutElement组件,是怎么决定用哪个的?这个可以在LayoutUtility.cs中找到答案:

LayoutUtility.cs

public static float GetLayoutProperty(RectTransform rect, System.Func<ILayoutElement, float> property, float defaultValue, out ILayoutElement source) {      source = null;      if (rect == null)          return 0;      float min = defaultValue;      int maxPriority = System.Int32.MinValue;      var components = ComponentListPool.Get();      rect.GetComponents(typeof(ILayoutElement), components);        for (int i = 0; i < components.Count; i++)      {          var layoutComp = components[i] as ILayoutElement;          if (layoutComp is Behaviour && (!(layoutComp as Behaviour).enabled || !(layoutComp as Behaviour).isActiveAndEnabled))              continue;            int priority = layoutComp.layoutPriority;          // If this layout components has lower priority than a previously used, ignore it.          if (priority < maxPriority)              continue;          float prop = property(layoutComp);          // If this layout property is set to a negative value, it means it should be ignored.          if (prop < 0)              continue;            // If this layout component has higher priority than all previous ones,          // overwrite with this one's value.          if (priority > maxPriority)          {              min = prop;              maxPriority = priority;              source = layoutComp;          }          // If the layout component has the same priority as a previously used,          // use the largest of the values with the same priority.          else if (prop > min) {              min = prop;              source = layoutComp;          }      }        ComponentListPool.Release(components);      return min;  }

原来LayoutElement有一个layoutPriority属性用来决定优先级,这个属性暂时还没有在编辑器中暴露,也许后续版本会加强这方面的能力。
AutoLayout系统会选用优先级最高的ILayoutElement里相应属性返回。Image和Text的优先级默认是0,LayoutElement默认优先级是1。所以正常情况会使用LayoutElement中的设置,但我们的例子中,LayoutElement没有设置preferredHeight,LayoutElement里布局相关的初始值都是-1,所以还是使用了Image的preferredHeight:10。

【结语】
其实,只要官方文档描述详细一些,根本没必要浪费时间去查这个来龙去脉。这几天在学习swift,苹果人性化的Programming Guide加上iBooks的配合,使得学习这门语言真是件轻松愉快的事情。相比之下,Unity简直是在虐待开发者。Unity、Unreal、Cryengine等最近也为争市场弄得头破血流,除了降价开源提供新特性之外,完善文档也是不容忽视的工作,毕竟开发者才是这些厂商真正的衣食父母。