PyQt基本操作

twaby47sq 9年前

来自： http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/archive/2011/11/16/2251904.html

PyQt的简介和基本安装方法读者可以自行google解决。先声明，本文章教基础，参考《征服Python》相关章节。不过不得不说，pyQt的教程真的好少，╮(╯▽╰)╭，悲催，大家有什么好的资料推荐一下，谢谢了。

先建立一个基本的界面看看：

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

def __init__( self ):

QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__( self )

self .setWindowTitle( "PyQt" )

self .resize( 300 , 200 )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

mywindow = MyWindow()

mywindow.show()

app.exec_()

运行结果：

然后我们添加一个标签：

#coding=utf-8

#标签的使用

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 200 , 300 )

#添加标签

label = QtGui.QLabel( "label" )

label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

self .setCentralWidget( label )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo = Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

效果如下：

基本布局：

#coding=gbk

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 500 , 500 )

hBoxLayout1 = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()

label1 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label1" )

label2 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label2" )

label3 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label3" )

label4 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label4" )

label5 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label5" )

#---------添加表格布局

gridLayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

gridLayout.addWidget( label1 , 0 , 0 )

gridLayout.addWidget( label2 , 0 , 1 )

gridLayout.addWidget( label3 , 0 , 2 )

gridLayout.addWidget( label4 , 1 , 0 )

gridLayout.addWidget( label5 , 1 , 1 )

self .setLayout( gridLayout )

#-------添加水平布局

# hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label1 )

# hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label2 )

# hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label3 )

# hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label4 )

# hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label5 )

#

# self.setLayout( hBoxLayout1 )

#---------添加垂直布局

# vBoxLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()

# vBoxLayout.addWidget( label1 )

# vBoxLayout.addWidget( label2 )

# vBoxLayout.addWidget( label3 )

# vBoxLayout.addWidget( label4 )

# vBoxLayout.addWidget( label5 )

#

# self.setLayout( vBoxLayout )

#

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo = Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

效果：

按钮基本使用

#coding=utf-8

#按钮操作

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 500 , 500 )

gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

button1 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button1" )

gridlayout.addWidget( button1, 0 , 0 , 1 , 3 )

button2 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button2" )

button2.setFlat( True )

gridlayout.addWidget( button2, 1 , 1 , 1 , 3 )

self .setLayout( gridlayout )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo = Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

不过按钮2当你点击的时候才显示出来哦

现在看看单行文本和多行文本

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 500 , 500 )

gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

str = "hello" #这里中文乱码，纠结

label = QtGui.QLabel( str )

label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

textFile = QtGui.QLineEdit()

gridlayout.addWidget( label, 0 , 0 )

gridlayout.addWidget( textFile )

passwordFile = QtGui.QLineEdit()

passwordFile.setEchoMode( QtGui.QLineEdit.Password )

gridlayout.addWidget( passwordFile )

textArea = QtGui.QTextEdit()

textArea.setText( "asdasda" )

gridlayout.addWidget( textArea )

self .setLayout( gridlayout )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

window = Window()

window.show()

app.exec_()

单选和复选框

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 500 , 500 )

hboxlayout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()

self .radio1 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio1" )

self .radio2 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio2" )

self .radio3 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio3" )

self .radio1.setChecked( True )

hboxlayout.addWidget( self .radio1 )

hboxlayout.addWidget( self .radio2 )

hboxlayout.addWidget( self .radio3 )

checkbox1 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox1" )

checkbox2 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox2" )

checkbox3 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox3" )

checkbox1.setChecked( True )

hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox1 )

hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox2 )

hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox3 )

self .button = QtGui.QPushButton( "Ok" )

hboxlayout.addWidget( self .button )

self .connect( self .button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnButton )

self .setLayout( hboxlayout )

def OnButton( self ):

if self .radio2.isChecked():

self .radio2.setText( "haha" )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win = Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

现在看看菜单：

#coding=utf-8

#菜单事件

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 500 , 500 )

menubar = self .menuBar()

self . file = menubar.addMenu( '&File' )

open = self . file .addAction( 'Open' )

self .connect( open , QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self .OnOpen )

save = self . file .addAction( 'Save' )

self .connect( save, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self .OnSave )

self . file .addSeparator()

close = self . file .addAction( "Close" )

self .connect( close, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self .OnClose )

self .label = QtGui.QLabel( "this is a google test" )

self .label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

self .setCentralWidget( self .label )

def OnOpen( self ):

self .label.setText( "open" )

def OnSave( self ):

self .label.setText( "save" )

def OnClose( self ):

self .close()

def contextMenuEvent( self , event ):

self . file .exec_( event.globalPos() )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win = Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

点击右键也可以看看哦

现在是对话框的代码：

#coding=utf-8

#对话框

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 500 , 500 )

gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

self .AboutButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "About" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .AboutButton, 0 , 0 )

self .AboutQtButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "AboutQt" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .AboutQtButton, 0 , 1 )

self .CriticalButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "CriticalButton" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .CriticalButton, 1 , 0 )

self .InfoButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Info" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .InfoButton, 1 , 1 )

self .QuestionButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Question" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .QuestionButton, 2 , 0 )

self .WarningButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Warning" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .WarningButton, 2 , 1 )

spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200 , 80 )

gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3 , 1 , 1 , 5 )

self .setLayout( gridlayout )

self .connect( self .AboutButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnAboutButton )

self .connect( self .AboutQtButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnAboutQtButton )

self .connect( self .CriticalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnCriticalButton )

self .connect( self .InfoButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnInfoButton )

self .connect( self .QuestionButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnQuestionButton )

self .connect( self .WarningButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnWarningButton )

def OnAboutButton( self ):

QtGui.QMessageBox.about( self , 'PyQt' , "About" )

def OnAboutQtButton( self ):

QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt( self , "PyQt" )

def OnCriticalButton( self ):

r = QtGui.QMessageBox.critical( self , "PyQT" , "CriticalButton" , QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort,

QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry, QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore )

if r = = QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort:

self .setWindowTitle( "Abort" )

elif r = = QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry:

self .setWindowTitle( "Retry" )

elif r = = QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore:

self .setWindowTitle( "Ignore" )

else :

pass

def OnInfoButton( self ):

QtGui.QMessageBox.information( self , "Pyqt" , "information" )

def OnQuestionButton( self ):

r = QtGui.QMessageBox.question( self , "PyQt" , "Question" , QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel )

def OnWarningButton( self ):

r = QtGui.QMessageBox.warning( self , "PyQT" , "warning" , QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win = Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

现在是文件选择，字体选择，颜色选择框：

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 500 , 500 )

gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

self .button1 = QtGui.QPushButton( "File" )

self .button2 = QtGui.QPushButton( "Font" )

self .button3 = QtGui.QPushButton( "Color" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .button1 )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .button2 )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .button3 )

spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200 , 80 )

gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3 , 1 , 1 , 3 )

self .setLayout( gridlayout )

self .connect( self .button1, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnButton1 )

self .connect( self .button2, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnButton2 )

self .connect( self .button3, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnButton3 )

def OnButton1( self ):

fileName = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName( self , 'Open' )

if not fileName.isEmpty():

self .setWindowTitle( fileName )

def OnButton2( self ):

font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()

if ok:

self .setWindowTitle( font.key() )

def OnButton3( self ):

color = QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()

if color.isValid():

self .setWindowTitle( color.name() )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win = Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

现在还是对话框：

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( MyDialog, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "Dialog" )

self .gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

self .label = QtGui.QLabel( "Please Input:" )

self .textField = QtGui.QLineEdit()

self .okButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "OK" )

self .cancalButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Cancel" )

self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .label , 0 , 0 )

self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .textField , 0 , 1 )

self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .cancalButton , 0 , 2 )

self .gridlayout.addWidget( self .okButton , 0 , 3 )

self .connect( self .okButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnOk )

self .connect( self .cancalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnCancel )

self .setLayout( self .gridlayout )

def OnOk( self ):

self .text = self .textField.text()

self .done( 1 )

def OnCancel( self ):

self .done( 0 )

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( Window, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 400 , 300 )

hboxlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

self .creatDialogButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Create a new Dialog" )

hboxlayout.addWidget( self .creatDialogButton )

self .setLayout( hboxlayout )

self .connect( self .creatDialogButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnButton )

def OnButton( self ):

dialog = MyDialog()

r = dialog.exec_()

if r:

self .creatDialogButton.setText( dialog.text )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win = Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

最后一个是利用Designer写的

利用他设计一个简单的界面，只有一个标签和一个文本框

代码如下：

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore, uic

class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( MyDialog, self ).__init__()

uic.loadUi( "res.ui" , self )

class MyWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

def __init__( self ):

super ( MyWindow, self ).__init__()

self .setWindowTitle( "hello" )

self .resize( 300 , 200 )

gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

self .button = QtGui.QPushButton( "CreateDialog" )

gridlayout.addWidget( self .button )

self .setLayout( gridlayout )

self .connect( self .button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self .OnButtoN )

def OnButtoN( self ):

dialog = MyDialog()

r = dialog.exec_();

if r:

self .button.setText( dialog.textField.text() )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo = MyWindow()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

PyQt基本操作

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