（实用）拿到一个新的阿里云64位centOS系统后，手把手教你安装PHP生产环境（lnmp）
jopen
9年前
本次使用的是centOS6.7 64位系统
第一步：处理阿里云磁盘挂载问题
查看磁盘情况，本次机器系统盘为阿里云赠送的20G，数据盘为100G
其中/dev/xvda为系统盘，/dev/xvdb为数据盘，数据盘暂未做任何操作，要使用的话，先做挂载
输入fdisk /dev/xvdb 对数据盘进行分区。根据提示，输入 n， p， 1， 回车，回车， wq
紧接着输入命令mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1，格式化磁盘，耐心等待即可
接下来挂载此磁盘到目录，挂载目录因人而异，我习惯挂载到/data0下（因为假如以后又买了第二块数据盘，我可以挂载到/data1、/data2......等等以此类推）
输入mkdir /data0，然后输入mount /dev/xvdb1 /data0
然后写入分区表：echo '/dev/xvdb1 /data0 ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
磁盘挂载大功告成，然后输入命令df -h查看，就能看到/dev/xvdb1已经挂在到/data0目录下了，以后cd /data0其实就是访问这块数据盘，而不是系统盘了，我们可以将网站和数据库以及日志等容易占用磁盘空间的文件放在这里
第二步：安装MySQL
先安装所依赖包，执行下面的命令：
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf cmake libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng \ libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel \ glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel \ curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel \ openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients \ openldap-servers gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel perl-CPAN
创建MySQL用户和组：
groupadd mysql seradd -g mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin mysql mkdir -p /data0/mysql/data mkdir /data0/mysql/logs chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
编译MySQL:
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.28.tar.gz cd mysql-5.6.28/ cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/data \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci make && make install cd ..
配置MySQL开机自启动
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on添加MySQL的软链接以适应init脚本
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/mysql ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/sbin/mysqladmin ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/sbin/mysqldump修改配置文件
cp ./support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf vi /etc/my.cnf # 输入以下内容（可以先清空默认内容）: [mysqld] datadir=/data0/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock user=mysql symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data0/mysql/logs/mysqld.log pid-file=/data0/mysql/mysqld.pid user=mysql tmpdir=/tmp初始化数据库
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/data启动MySQL
service mysqld start # 或 /etc/init.d/mysqld start进入MySQL（输入mysql或者/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql直接回车即可进入）
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql #回车直接进入mysql（下面这步操作非必须，这只是我个人习惯）输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; #这句可以创建一个允许远程访问的账户 DELETE FROM user WHERE User!='admin'; #删除原先默认的用户，仅保留新建的admin用户（这招狠吧，连root用户都删了）
第三步：安装Tengine（nginx）
添加www用户和组、创建网站虚拟目录
groupadd www useradd -g www -s /usr/sbin/nologin www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/
安装Nginx所需的pcre库
tar zxvf pcre-8.33.tar.gz cd tar zxvf pcre-8.33 ./configure make && make install ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1 cd ..安装Nginx
tar zxvf tengine-2.1.2.tar.gz cd tar zxvf tengine-2.1.2 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_concat_module make && make install cd ..创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data0/logs chmod +w /data0/logs chown -R www:www /data0/logs创建Nginx配置文件，在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf输入以下内容：
user www www; worker_processes 4; error_log /data0/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #charset gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/*; }新建sites-available目录专门存放虚拟网站配置，创建sites-enabled目录专门存放正在使用的网站配置 mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled新建www网站配置文件，vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available/www ，输入以下内容：
server { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data0/htdocs/www; access_log /data0/logs/www_access.log access; #limit_conn crawler 20; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 1h; } } vi fcgi.conf，并输入下面内容:
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;发布sites-available里的www网站：
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available/www /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/www启动nginx：
ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
第四步：安装PHP
安装PHP所需依赖包：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.14 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make && make install cd .. tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ # 对共享库做符号链接 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../安装PHP：
tar zxvf php-5.5.31.tar.gz cd tar zxvf php-5.5.31 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \ --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization \ --with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap \ --enable-opcache --without-pear --disable-fileinfo #注：如果内存较大 可以去掉--disable-fileinfo make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' make install cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini cd ../ cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf修改
user = nobody group = nobody
为
user = www group = www
# 将;pid = run/php-fpm.pid前的;去掉并修改为 pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid启动php-fpm
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm将Nginx与fpm加入自启动
vi /etc/rc.local # 输入 ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx编译PHP扩展模块memcache、redis 、pdo_mysql、imagick
tar zxvf memcache-3.0.8.tgz cd memcache-3.0.8 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar zxvf redis-2.2.7.tgz cd redis-2.2.7 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/* /usr/local/include/ make make install cd ../ tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/ ./configure make make install cd ../ tar zxvf imagick-3.2.0RC1.tgz cd imagick-3.2.0RC1 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
修改php.ini配置文件
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #在最后一行加入以下 extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/" extension=memcache.so extension=redis.so extension=pdo_mysql.so extension=imagick.so zend_extension=opcache.so [opcache] opcache.memory_consumption=128 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8 opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000 opcache.revalidate_freq=60 opcache.fast_shutdown=1 opcache.enable=1 opcache.enable_cli=1
执行下面的命令使配置文件立即生效：
kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
此时已经大功告成，在/data0/htdocs/www目录下建一个index.php写入phpinfo()看看扩展是都都正常加载
其他（可选）：
优化linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf在末尾增加以下内容：
# Add net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
修改php.ini时区：
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #找到;date.timezone = 去掉前面的分号并改为date.timezone = Asia/Chongqing
常用命令：
#修改完php.ini后执行： kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid` #修改完nginx.conf后执行 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重启mysql服务执行： service mysqld (start|stop|restart)
有兴趣研究的留邮箱，打包发送所有安装所需文件：
