Java 并发专题 : Timer的缺陷 用ScheduledExecutorService替代

jopen 9年前

继续并发,上篇博客对于ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor没有进行介绍,说过会和Timer一直单独写一篇Blog.

1、Timer管理延时任务的缺陷

a、以前在项目中也经常使用定时器,比如每隔一段时间清理项目中的一些垃圾文件,每个一段时间进行数据清洗;然而Timer是存在一些缺陷的,因为Timer在执行定时任务时只会创建一个线程,所以如果存在多个任务,且任务时间过长,超过了两个任务的间隔时间,会发生一些缺陷:下面看例子:

Timer的源码:

public class Timer {      /**       * The timer task queue.  This data structure is shared with the timer       * thread.  The timer produces tasks, via its various schedule calls,       * and the timer thread consumes, executing timer tasks as appropriate,       * and removing them from the queue when they're obsolete.       */      private TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();        /**       * The timer thread.       */      private TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);

TimerThread是Thread的子类,可以看出内部只有一个线程。下面看个例子:

package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;    import java.util.Timer;  import java.util.TimerTask;    public class TimerTest  {   private static long start;     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception   {      TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()    {     @Override     public void run()     {        System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "        + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));      try      {       Thread.sleep(3000);      } catch (InterruptedException e)      {       e.printStackTrace();      }       }    };    TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()    {     @Override     public void run()     {      System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "        + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));     }    };    Timer timer = new Timer();    start = System.currentTimeMillis();    timer.schedule(task1, 1000);    timer.schedule(task2, 3000);     }  }

定义了两个任务,预计是第一个任务1s后执行,第二个任务3s后执行,但是看运行结果:
task1 invoked ! 1000  task2 invoked ! 4000
task2实际上是4后才执行,正因为Timer内部是一个线程,而任务1所需的时间超过了两个任务间的间隔导致。下面使用ScheduledThreadPool解决这个问题:

package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;    import java.util.TimerTask;  import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;    public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest  {   private static long start;     public static void main(String[] args)   {    /**     * 使用工厂方法初始化一个ScheduledThreadPool     */    ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool = Executors      .newScheduledThreadPool(2);        TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()    {     @Override     public void run()     {      try      {         System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "         + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));       Thread.sleep(3000);      } catch (Exception e)      {       e.printStackTrace();      }       }    };      TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()    {     @Override     public void run()     {      System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "        + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));     }    };    start = System.currentTimeMillis();    newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task1, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);    newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task2, 3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);   }  }

输出结果:

task1 invoked ! 1001  task2 invoked ! 3001
符合我们的预期结果。因为ScheduledThreadPool内部是个线程池,所以可以支持多个任务并发执行。

2、Timer当任务抛出异常时的缺陷

如果TimerTask抛出RuntimeException,Timer会停止所有任务的运行:

package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;    import java.util.Date;  import java.util.Timer;  import java.util.TimerTask;      public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01  {       public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException   {      final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()    {       @Override     public void run()     {      throw new RuntimeException();     }    };      final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()    {       @Override     public void run()     {      System.out.println("task2 invoked!");     }    };        Timer timer = new Timer();    timer.schedule(task1, 100);    timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, new Date(), 1000);             }  }

上面有两个任务,任务1抛出一个运行时的异常,任务2周期性的执行某个操作,输出结果:

task2 invoked!  Exception in thread "Timer-0" java.lang.RuntimeException   at com.zhy.concurrency.timer.ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01$1.run(ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01.java:24)   at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:512)   at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:462)

由于任务1的一次,任务2也停止运行了。。。下面使用ScheduledExecutorService解决这个问题:

package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;    import java.util.Date;  import java.util.Timer;  import java.util.TimerTask;  import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;      public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01  {       public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException   {      final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()    {       @Override     public void run()     {      throw new RuntimeException();     }    };      final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()    {       @Override     public void run()     {      System.out.println("task2 invoked!");     }    };                ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);    pool.schedule(task1, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);    pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, 0 , 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);     }  }

代码基本一致,但是ScheduledExecutorService可以保证,task1出现异常时,不影响task2的运行:

task2 invoked!  task2 invoked!  task2 invoked!  task2 invoked!  task2 invoked!<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...</span>

3、Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间

Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间,如果当前系统时间发生变化会出现一些执行上的变化,ScheduledExecutorService基于时间的延迟,不会由于系统时间的改变发生执行变化。


上述,基本说明了在以后的开发中尽可能使用ScheduledExecutorService(JDK1.5以后)替代Timer。


好了,如果博客中存在错误,请留言指出~


来自: http://blog.csdn.net//lmj623565791/article/details/27109467