15-Angular的路由
jopen
9年前
现在非常流行单页面应用，传统都是通过ajax请求数据，前端拿到数据渲染到页面，这种无刷新的视图切换非常棒！但是致命的缺点就是刷新後无法保持原来的视图，解决此问题的一个方法是使用 hash，监听hashchange事件来进行视图切换，另一个方法是用HTML5的history API，通过pushState()记录操作历史，监听popstate事件来进行视图切换，也有人把这叫pjax技术。
现在开始介绍angular的$route！
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>' }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>' }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行 redirectTo : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ }]); </script> </body> </html> 上面的例子很简单， 除了用template之外还可以用templateUrl引入html的模板文件。
在when传入控制器的指向，实现不同的页面显示不同的数据。
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectTo : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa'; }]); m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb'; }]); m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html> 以事件的方式映射路由页面。
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa')">首页</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectTo : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location',function($scope,$location){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa'; $scope.$location = $location; }]); m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb'; }]); m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html> 项目更复杂，页面相同(首页&index)，数据不同，需要对url进行传参。
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/123')">首页</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/456')">index</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa/:num',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Aaa' }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectTo : '/aaa/:num' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location','$routeParams',function($scope,$location,$routeParams){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa'; $scope.$location = $location; console.log($routeParams); //不同的数据 }]); m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb'; }]); m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html> 
路由的事件监听。
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.run(['$rootScope',function($rootScope){ //路由切换之前触发的事件 $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',function(event,current,pre){ console.log(event); //事件对象 console.log(current); //路径对应的数据值 console.log(pre); //上一个路径 }); }]); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>' //templateUrl : 'temp.html' }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>' }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行 redirectTo : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ }]); </script> </body> </html> 补充：angular事件的传播机制。
<div ng-controller="Aaa"> {{count}} <div ng-controller="Aaa" ng-click="$emit('myEvent')"> {{count}} <div ng-controller="Aaa"> {{count}} </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',[]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.count = 0; $scope.$on('myEvent',function(e){ //console.log(e.targetScope); //当前的 //console.log(e.currentScope); //目标的 //console.log(e.name); //事件名 //e.stopPropagation(); //阻止冒泡 $scope.count++; }); }]); </script> 前面嵌套了三个controller，我们在中间的controller上绑定了click事件，使用$emit点击的时候，上面的controller也会触发事件。
如果是$broadcast点击就是往下传播。
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最後，微博求粉，谢谢。
