Linux下Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡和动静分离配置要点

bwnx 9年前

本文使用的Linux发行版:CentOS6.7 下载地址:https://wiki.centos.org/Download

一、安装Nginx

下载源:wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm

安装源:yum install nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm -y(注意-y参数)

安装Nginx:yum install nginx

启动Nginx服务:service nginx start

停止Nginx服务:service nginx stop

查看Nginx运行状态:service nginx status

检查Nginx配置文件:nginx -t

服务运行中重新加载配置:nginx -s reload

添加Nginx服务自启动:chkconfig nginx on

二、修改防火墙规则

修改Nginx所在主机的防火墙配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,将nginx使用的端口添加到允许列表中。

例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT (表示允许80端口通过)

修改Tomcat所在主机的防火墙配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,将tomcat使用的端口添加到允许列表中。

例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT (表示允许8080端口通过)

如果主机上有多个tomcat的话,则按此规则添加多条,修改对应的端口号即可。

保存后重启防火墙:service iptables restart

三、Tomcat负载均衡配置

Nginx启动时默认加载配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,而nginx.conf里会引用/etc/nginx/conf.d目录里的所有.conf文件。

因此可以将自己定制的一些配置写到单独.conf文件里,只要文件放在/etc/nginx/conf.d这个目录里即可,方便维护。

创建tomcats.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcats.conf,内容如下:

1 upstream tomcats {  2     ip_hash;  3     server 192.168.0.251:8080;  4     server 192.168.0.251:8081;  5     server 192.168.0.251:8082;  6 }

修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,修改如下:

#注释原有的配置  #location / {  #    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  #    index  index.html index.htm;  #}    #新增配置默认将请求转发到tomcats.conf配置的upstream进行处理  location / {      proxy_set_header Host $host;      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;      proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;      proxy_pass http://tomcats; #与tomcats.conf里配置的upstream同名  }

保存后重新加载配置:nginx -s reload

四、静态资源分离配置

修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,添加如下配置:

#所有js,css相关的静态资源文件的请求由Nginx处理  location ~.*\.(js|css)$ {      root    /opt/static-resources; #指定文件路径      expires     12h; #过期时间为12小时  }  #所有图片等多媒体相关静态资源文件的请求由Nginx处理  location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {      root    /opt/static-resources; #指定文件路径      expires     7d; #过期时间为7天  }

五、修改SELinux安全规则

如果访问Nginx时出现502 Bad Gateway错误,则可能是Nginx主机上的SELinux限制了其使用http访问权限引起的,输入命令setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1 开启权限即可。

文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf完整配置如下:

user  nginx;  worker_processes  auto;    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;  pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;  worker_rlimit_nofile    100000;      events {      use epoll;      multi_accept on;       worker_connections  1024;  }      http {      include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;      default_type  application/octet-stream;        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '      #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '      #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;        sendfile        on;      server_tokens off;      #tcp_nopush     on;        keepalive_timeout  65;        gzip on;      gzip_disable "msie6";      gzip_static on;      gzip_proxied any;      gzip_min_length 1000;      gzip_comp_level 4;      gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  }

文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf完整配置如下:

server {      listen       80;      server_name  localhost;        #charset koi8-r;      #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;        #location / {      #    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;      #    index  index.html index.htm;      #}        location / {          proxy_set_header Host $host;          proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;          proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;          proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;          proxy_pass http://web_servers;      }        location ~.*\.(js|css)$ {          root    /opt/static-resources;          expires     12h;      }        location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {          root    /opt/static-resources;          expires     7d;      }        #error_page  404              /404.html;        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html      #      error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;      location = /50x.html {          root   /usr/share/nginx/html;      }        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80      #      #location ~ \.php$ {      #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;      #}        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000      #      #location ~ \.php$ {      #    root           html;      #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;      #    fastcgi_index  index.php;      #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;      #    include        fastcgi_params;      #}        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root      # concurs with nginx's one      #      #location ~ /\.ht {      #    deny  all;      #}  }

(温馨提示:如果执行命令时没有root权限,请在命令前面加上 sudo 执行)

来自:http://www.cnblogs.com/liujiduo/p/5044854.html