Android的三种网络通讯方式详解
Android平台有三种网络接口可以使用,他们分别是:java.net.*(标准Java接口)、Org.apache接口和Android.net.*(Android网络接口)。下面分别介绍这些接口的功能和作用。
1.标准Java接口
java.net.*提供与联网有关的类,包括流、数据包套接字(socket)、Internet协议、常见Http处理等。比如:创建URL,以及URLConnection/HttpURLConnection对象、设置链接参数、链接到服务器、向服务器写数据、从服务器读取数据等通信。这些在Java网络编程中均有涉及,我们看一个简单的socket编程,实现服务器回发客户端信息。
下面用个例子来说明:
A、客户端:
新建Android项目工程:SocketForAndroid(这个随意起名字了吧,我是以这个建立的!)
下面是main_activity.xml的代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/message" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:hint="@string/hint" /> <Button android:id="@+id/send" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/send" /> </LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java的代码入下:
package com.yaowen.socketforandroid; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.Socket; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private EditText message; private Button send; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //初始化两个UI控件 message = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.message); send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send); //设置发送按钮的点击事件响应 send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Socket socket = null; //获取message输入框里的输入的内容 String msg = message.getText().toString() + "\r\n"; try { //这里必须是192.168.3.200,不可以是localhost或者127.0.0.1 socket = new Socket("192.168.3.200", 18888); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter( socket.getOutputStream() ) ), true); //发送消息 out.println(msg); //接收数据 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( socket.getInputStream() ) ); //读取接收的数据 String msg_in = in.readLine(); if (null != msg_in) { message.setText(msg_in); System.out.println(msg_in); } else { message.setText("接收的数据有误!"); } //关闭各种流 out.close(); in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (null != socket) { //socket不为空时,最后记得要把socket关闭 socket.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }); } }
最后别忘记添加访问网络权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
B、服务端:
package service; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class ServerAndroid implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { Socket socket = null; try { ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(18888); // 循环监听客户端链接请求 while (true) { System.out.println("start..."); // 接收请求 socket = server.accept(); System.out.println("accept..."); // 接收客户端消息 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); String message = in.readLine(); System.out.println(message); // 发送消息,向客户端 PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())), true); out.println("Server:" + message); // 关闭流 in.close(); out.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != socket) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } // 启动服务器 public static void main(String[] args) { Thread server = new Thread(new ServerAndroid()); server.start(); } }
C、启动服务器,控制台会打印出“start...”字符串!
D、运行Android项目文件,如下图:
在输入框里输入如下字符串,点发送按钮:
服务器收到客户端发来的消息并打印到控制台:
2、Apache接口
对于大部分应用程序而言JDK本身提供的网络功能已远远不够,这时就需要Android提供的Apache HttpClient了。它是一个开源项目,功能更加完善,为客户端的Http编程提供高效、最新、功能丰富的工具包支持。
下面我们以一个简单例子来看看如何使用HttpClient在Android客户端访问Web。
首先,要在你的机器上搭建一个web应用test,有两个很简单的PHP文件:hello_get.php和hello_post.php!
内容如下:
hello_get.php的代码如下:
<html> <body> Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?><br> You connected this page on : <?php echo $_GET["get"]; ?> </body> </html>
hello_post.php的代码如下:
<html> <body> Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?><br> You connected this page on : <?php echo $_POST["post"]; ?> </body> </html>
在原来的Android项目里新建一个Apache活动类:Apache.java,代码如下:
package com.yaowen.socketforandroid; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * Created by YAOWEN on 2015/11/10. */ public class ApacheActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private TextView textView; private Button get1, post1; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.apache); textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView); get1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.get); post1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.post); get1.setOnClickListener(this); post1.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (v.getId() == R.id.get) { //注意:此处ip不能用127.0.0.1或localhost,Android模拟器已将它自己作为了localhost String url = "http://192.168.3.200/test/hello_get.php?name=yaowen&get=GET"; textView.setText(get(url)); } if (v.getId() == R.id.post) { String url="http://192.168.3.200/test/hello_post.php"; textView.setText(post(url)); } } /** * 以post方式发送请求,访问web * * @param url web地址 * @return 响应数据 */ private String post(String url) { BufferedReader reader = null; StringBuffer sb = null; String result = ""; HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost requset = new HttpPost(url); //保存要传递的参数 List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); //添加参数 params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "yaowen")); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("post","POST")); try { HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8"); requset.setEntity(entity); HttpResponse response = client.execute(requset); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { System.out.println("post success"); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent())); sb = new StringBuffer(); String line = ""; String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator"); while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line); } } } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != reader) { try { reader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != sb) { result = sb.toString(); } } return result; } /** * 以get方式发送请求,访问web * * @param url web地址 * @return 响应数据 */ private static String get(String url) { BufferedReader bufferedReader = null; StringBuffer sb = null; String result = ""; HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url); //发送请求,得到响应 try { HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); //请求成功 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { bufferedReader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( response.getEntity() .getContent() ) ); sb = new StringBuffer(); String line = ""; String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator"); while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line); } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != bufferedReader) { try { bufferedReader.close(); //bufferedReader=null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != sb) { result = sb.toString(); } } return result; } }
新建一个apache.XML文件,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:text="通过按钮选择不同方式访问网页" /> <Button android:id="@+id/get" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="get" /> <Button android:id="@+id/post" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="post" /> </LinearLayout>
结果运行如下:
3.android.net编程:
常常使用此包下的类进行Android特有的网络编程,如:访问WiFi,访问Android联网信息,邮件等功能。
这里就不详细做例子了,因为这个接触比较多~~~。
来自:http://my.oschina.net/yaowen424/blog/528523