CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建

jopen 9年前

环境:

CentOS X64 6.4

nginx 1.5.6

Python 2.7.5

正文:

一:安装需要的类库及Python2.7.5

安装必要的开发包

yum groupinstall "Development tools"    yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

CentOS 自带Python2.6.6,但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5:

cd ~  wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2  tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2  cd Python-2.7.5  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local  make && make altinstall

安装完毕后,可是使用”python2.7”命令进入python2.7的环境。

二:安装Python包管理

easy_install包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

方便安装Python的开发包

cd ~  wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz  tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz  cd distribute-0.6.49 python2.7 setup.py install  easy_install --version

红色部分必须是“python2.7”,否则将安装到默认的2.6环境内。

pip包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理Python包, easy_install没有这个功能,只有uninstall

easy_install pip  pip --version

三:安装uwsgi

uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI

uwsgi参数详解:http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html

pip install uwsgi  uwsgi --version

测试uwsgi是否正常:

新建test.py文件,内容如下:

def application(env, start_response):          start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])          return "Hello World"

然后在终端运行:

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8001,看是否有“Hello World”输出,若没有输出,请检查你的安装过程。

四:安装django

pip install django

测试django是否正常,运行:

django-admin.py startproject demosite  cd demosite python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8002,检查django是否运行正常。

五:安装nginx

cd ~  wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz  tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz  cd nginx-1.5.6  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 \  --with-http_stub_status_module \  --with-http_gzip_static_module  make && make install

六:配置uwsgi

uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式,但个人感觉ini更方便:

在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini,添加如下配置:

[uwsgi]  socket = 127.0.0.1:9090  master = true         //主进程  vhost = true          //多站模式  no-stie = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件  workers = 2           //子进程数  reload-mercy = 10       vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件  max-requests = 1000     limit-as = 512  buffer-sizi = 30000  pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件,用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程  daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

设置uwsgi开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件,内容如下:

#! /bin/sh  # chkconfig: 2345 55 25  # Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and  # run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your  # distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'     ### BEGIN INIT INFO  # Provides:          uwsgi  # Required-Start:    $all  # Required-Stop:     $all  # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5  # Default-Stop:      0 1 6  # Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server  # Description:       starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon  ### END INIT INFO     # Author:   licess  # website:  http://lnmp.org     PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin  DESC="uwsgi daemon"  NAME=uwsgi9090  DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi  CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini  PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid  SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME     set -e  [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0     do_start() {      $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"  }     do_stop() {      $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"      rm -f $PIDFILE      echo "$DAEMON STOPED."  }     do_reload() {      $DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"  }     do_status() {      ps aux|grep $DAEMON  }     case "$1" in   status)      echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"      do_status   ;;   start)      echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"      do_start   ;;   stop)      echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"      do_stop   ;;   reload|graceful)      echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"      do_reload   ;;   *)      echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2      exit 3   ;;  esac     exit 0    uwsgi9090

然后在终端执行:

-- 添加服务  chkconfig --add uwsgi9090   -- 设置开机启动  chkconfig uwsgi9090 on

七:设置nginx

找到nginx的安装目录,打开conf/nginx.conf文件,修改server配置

server {          listen       80;          server_name  localhost;                    location / {                          include  uwsgi_params;              uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致              uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;  //入口文件,即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置,“.”相当于一层目录              uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite;       //项目根目录              index  index.html index.htm;              client_max_body_size 35m;          }      }

设置nginx开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建nginx文件,内容如下:

#!/bin/sh  #  # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon  #  # chkconfig:   - 85 15  # description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \  #               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server  # processname: nginx  # config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  # pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid      # Source function library.  . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions      # Source networking configuration.  . /etc/sysconfig/network      # Check that networking is up.  [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0      nginx="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/sbin/nginx"  prog=$(basename $nginx)    NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/conf/nginx.conf"      [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx      lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx       start() {      [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5      [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6      echo -n $"Starting $prog: "      daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE      retval=$?      echo      [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile      return $retval  }      stop() {      echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "      killproc $prog -QUIT      retval=$?      echo      [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile      return $retval  }      restart() {      configtest || return $?      stop      sleep 1      start  }      reload() {      configtest || return $?      echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "      killproc $nginx -HUP      RETVAL=$?      echo  }      force_reload() {      restart  }      configtest() {    $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE  }      rh_status() {      status $prog  }      rh_status_q() {      rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1  }      case "$1" in      start)          rh_status_q && exit 0          $1          ;;      stop)          rh_status_q || exit 0          $1          ;;      restart|configtest)          $1          ;;      reload)          rh_status_q || exit 7          $1          ;;      force-reload)          force_reload          ;;      status)          rh_status          ;;      condrestart|try-restart)          rh_status_q || exit 0              ;;      *)          echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"          exit 2  esac    nginx

然后在终端执行:

-- 添加服务  chkconfig --add nginx   -- 设置开机启动  chkconfig nginx on

八:测试

OK,一切配置完毕,在终端运行

service uwsgi9090 start  service nginx start

在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1,恭喜你可以看到django的“It work”了~

九:多站配置

我采用运行多个uwsgi服务的方法来实现多个站点。

重复第六步,创建uwsgi9091.ini,并相应修改文件中的

socket = 127.0.0.1:9091  pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9091.pid  daemonize = /website/uwsgi9091.log

并创建服务uwsgi9091,设置开机启动。

然后修改nginx的配置文件为:

server {          listen       80;          server_name  localhost;                    location / {                          include  uwsgi_params;              uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;              uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/demosite;              index  index.html index.htm;              client_max_body_size 35m;          }      }        server {          listen       1300;                    location / {                          include  uwsgi_params;              uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9091;              uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT DjangoStudy.wsgi;              uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/DjangoStudy;              index  index.html index.htm;          }      }    nginx

然后我们就可以通过http://127.0.0.1:1300来访问新的网站了。

十:其他配置

防火墙设置

CentOS默认关闭外部对80、3306等端口的访问,所以要在其他计算机访问这台服务器,就必须修改防火墙配置,打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables

在“-A INPUT –m state --state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”,下添加:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 80 -j ACCEPT  -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

然后保存,并关闭该文件,在终端内运行下面的命令,刷新防火墙配置:

service iptables restart

安装Mysqldb

yum -y install mysql-devel easy_install-2.7 MySQL-python

注意红色部分,easy_install-2.7,否则它将默认安装到Python2.6环境内。

  

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2014年12月02日添加: 

CentOS 7中默认使用Firewalld做防火墙,所以修改iptables后,在重启系统后,根本不管用。 

Firewalld中添加端口方法如下: 

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent 

firewall-cmd --reload