使用 Nginx Upload Module 实现上传文件功能
jopen
9年前
普通网站在实现文件上传功能的时候,一般是使用Python,Java等后端程序实现,比较麻烦。Nginx有一个Upload模块,可以非常简单的实现文件上传功能。此模块的原理是先把用户上传的文件保存到临时文件,然后在交由后台页面处理,并且把文件的原名,上传后的名称,文件类型,文件大小set到页面。下面和大家具体介绍一下。
一、编译安装Nginx
为了使用Nginx Upload Module,需要编译安装Nginx,将upload module编译进去。upload module的代码可以去Github上下载: Upload Module
之后的编译安装Nginx这里就不介绍,不了解的可以参考: Ubuntu 14.10下源码编译安装Nginx 1.8.0
二、Nginx配置
Nginx upload module的简单配置如下:
server { listen *:80 default_server; server_name 192.168.1.251; client_max_body_size 20m; client_body_buffer_size 512k; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header REMOTE_ADD $remote_addr; location /upload { # 转到后台处理URL,表示Nginx接收完上传的文件后,然后交给后端处理的地址 upload_pass @python; # 临时保存路径, 可以使用散列 # 上传模块接收到的文件临时存放的路径, 1 表示方式,该方式是需要在/tmp/nginx_upload下创建以0到9为目录名称的目录,上传时候会进行一个散列处理。 upload_store /tmp/nginx_upload; # 上传文件的权限,rw表示读写 r只读 upload_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw; set $upload_field_name "file"; # upload_resumable on; # 这里写入http报头,pass到后台页面后能获取这里set的报头字段 upload_set_form_field "${upload_field_name}_name" $upload_file_name; upload_set_form_field "${upload_field_name}_content_type" $upload_content_type; upload_set_form_field "${upload_field_name}_path" $upload_tmp_path; # Upload模块自动生成的一些信息,如文件大小与文件md5值 upload_aggregate_form_field "${upload_field_name}_md5" $upload_file_md5; upload_aggregate_form_field "${upload_field_name}_size" $upload_file_size; # 允许的字段,允许全部可以 "^.*$" upload_pass_form_field "^.*$"; # upload_pass_form_field "^submit$|^description$"; # 每秒字节速度控制,0表示不受控制,默认0, 128K upload_limit_rate 0; # 如果pass页面是以下状态码,就删除此次上传的临时文件 upload_cleanup 400 404 499 500-505; # 打开开关,意思就是把前端脚本请求的参数会传给后端的脚本语言,比如:http://192.168.1.251:9000/upload/?k=23,后台可以通过POST['k']来访问。 upload_pass_args on; } location @python { proxy_pass http://localhost:9999; # return 200; # 如果不需要后端程序处理,直接返回200即可 } }
三、后端处理程序
这里我们使用Django作为后端处理程序,比较简单,具体如下:
首先创建Django项目:
django-admin.py startproject uploadmodule
然后,创建views.py文件,代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os import json from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt UPLOAD_FILE_PATH = '/tmp/nginx_upload/' @csrf_exempt def upload(request): request_params = request.POST file_name = request_params['file_name'] file_content_type = request_params['file_content_type'] file_md5 = request_params['file_md5'] file_path = request_params['file_path'] file_size = request_params['file_size'] ip_address = request.META.get('HTTP_X_REAL_IP') or request.META.get('HTTP_REMOTE_ADD') # save file to tmp new_file_name = '%s_%s' % (file_md5, ip_address) new_file_path = ''.join([UPLOAD_FILE_PATH, new_file_name, os.path.splitext(file_name)[-1]]) with open(new_file_path, 'a') as new_file: with open(file_path, 'rb') as f: new_file.write(f.read()) content = json.dumps({ 'name': file_name, 'content_type': file_content_type, 'md5': file_md5, 'path': file_path, 'size': file_size, 'ip': ip_address, }) response = HttpResponse(content, content_type='application/json; charset=utf-8') return response
四、示例
上面的代码完成之后,我们通过下面的命令启动Django后端程序:
cd uploadmodule/ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9999
然后,模拟POST请求:http://192.168.1.251/upload/,上传一个jpg文件,返回结果如下:
{ "name": "6125444419718417450.jpg", "ip": "192.168.1.121", "content_type": "image/jpeg", "path": "/tmp/nginx_upload/0000000002", "md5": "c3b1bd2e72694a8d5fc4548b9ecd9e18", "size": "37980" }
参考:
Ubuntu 14.10下源码编译安装Nginx 1.8.0
HttpUploadModule - Nginx Community
vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module at 2.2
Uploading to nginx using the nginx upload module with php_handler