硬盘监控和分析工具：Smartctl
f824
10年前
Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。
Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。
在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。
安装 Smartctl
对于 Ubuntu
$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools
对于 CentOS & RHEL
# yum install smartmontools
启动Smartctl服务
对于 Ubuntu
$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start
对于 CentOS & RHEL
# service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on
样例
样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6 Device Model: ST9320325AS Serial Number: 5VD2V59T LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4 Firmware Version: 0002BSM1 User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4 SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled
这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。
样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION === SMART Enabled.
样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION === SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.
样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive
样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check. Please note the following marginal Attributes: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 067 045 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)
样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘
Long测试
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION === Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode". Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful. Testing has begun. Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014 Use smartctl -X to abort test.
或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text
Short测试
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION === Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode". Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful. Testing has begun. Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014 Use smartctl -X to abort test.
或
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text
注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。
样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222 # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
样例：8 计算测试时间估值
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity was never started. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled. Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having the read element of the test failed. Total time to complete Offline data collection: ( 0) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 102) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported.
样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb Sample Output smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Error Log Version: 1 ATA Error Count: 5 CR = Command Register [HEX] FR = Features Register [HEX] SC = Sector Count Register [HEX] SN = Sector Number Register [HEX] CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX] CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX] DH = Device/Head Register [HEX] DC = Device Command Register [HEX] ER = Error register [HEX] ST = Status register [HEX] Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes, SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days. Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- 25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT 25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT 25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT 25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT 25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT
via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/smartctl-monitoring-analysis-tool-hard-drive/
作者：Pradeep Kumar 译者：GOLinux 校对：wxy