在 Azure 上使用 Docker 运行 Mono

Docker 是最近相当热门的一个名词，它是一个基于 Linux Container 的轻量化的虚拟技术，而微软也相当积极与 Docker 合作，在 Azure 上支持这个火热的技术，并且提供简单的方式来建立 Docker Host，本文将会介绍如何在 Azure 上使用 Docker运行DockerMono镜像。

Docker 简介

Docker 是一个开源的项目，主要的特点是能将应用程序包装在一个 LXC (Linux Container) 容器中，当这些应用被包装进容器后，部署、迁移都变得更为简单。与传统的虚拟化技术相比，虚拟机需要安装操作系统才能执行应用程序，而 Container 则不需要安装操作系统就能运行应用程序。Container 技术是一种在 操作系统内的 Kernel 层所打造虚拟运行环境，所以 Container 彼此之间共享了 Host OS 的 Kernel，但通过namespace 区分来达到隔离每个容器的目的。

本文并不会针对 Docker 这个技术做深入的介绍，主要着重在 Azure 对于 Docker 所提供的支持做介绍,详细了解可以参考 Docker 入门教程。

在 Azure 上建立 Docker Host

Docker 可以运行在 Linux 操作系统之下，所以如果要在 Azure 上使用 Docker，您也可以自行建立一个Linux VM，并在上面安装 并运行Docker Deamon 。而微软在正式宣布与 Docker 密切合作后，推出了对 Docker 的直接支持，CentOS 7 中 Docker 的安装

Docker 软件包已经包括在默认的 CentOS-Extras 软件源里。因此想要安装 docker，只需要运行下面的 yum 命令：

[root@Mono ~]# yum install docker

启动 Docker 服务

[root@ Mono ~]# systemctl start docker.service  [root@ Mono ~]# systemctl enable docker.service

下载官方的 CentOS 镜像到本地

[root@Mono ~]# docker pull centos  centos:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified  511136ea3c5a: Pull complete  5b12ef8fd570: Pull complete  34943839435d: Pull complete  Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest

确认 CentOS 镜像已经被获取：

[root@Mono ~]# docker images centos  REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE  centos latest 34943839435d 13 days ago 224 MB

运行一个 Docker 容器：

[root@Mono ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash  [root@5d841f64f6f0 /]# ls /etc  BUILDTIME group nsswitch.conf rpm  DIR_COLORS group- openldap sasl2  DIR_COLORS.256color gshadow opt securetty  DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor gshadow- os-release security  GREP_COLORS gss pam.d selinux  X11 host.conf passwd services  aliases hostname passwd- shadow  alternatives hosts pkcs11 shadow-  bash_completion.d hosts.allow pki shells  bashrc hosts.deny pm skel  binfmt.d init.d popt.d ssl  centos-release inputrc prelink.conf.d sysconfig  chkconfig.d iproute2 printcap sysctl.d  cron.daily issue profile system-release  cron.hourly issue.net profile.d system-release-cpe  csh.cshrc krb5.conf protocols systemd  csh.login ld.so.conf rc.d terminfo  dbus-1 ld.so.conf.d rc0.d tmpfiles.d  default libaudit.conf rc1.d udev  dracut.conf.d libuser.conf rc2.d virc  environment localtime rc3.d xdg  exports login.defs rc4.d xinetd.d  filesystems logrotate.d rc5.d yum  fstab magic rc6.d yum.conf  gcrypt modules-load.d redhat-release yum.repos.d  gnupg motd resolv.conf  groff mtab rpc

我们可以看到，CentOS 容器已经被启动，并且我们得到了 bash 提示符。在 docker 命令中我们使用了 “-i 捕获标准输入输出”和 “-t 分配一个终端或控制台”选项。若要断开与容器的连接，输入 exit。

[root@5d841f64f6f0 /]# exit  Exit

我们还可以搜索基于 mono的容器。 发现已经有非常多的mono容器，我们开始玩docker mono。

[root@Mono ~]# docker search mono  NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED  mono Mono is an open source implementation of M... 24 [OK]  akoeplinger/mono-aspnetvnext Image containing everything needed to play... 14 [OK]  monokrome/wine 4 [OK]  monokrome/node 3 [OK]  friism/mono 2 [OK]  benhall/docker-mono Docker file at https://github.com/Ben Hall/... 2  devdiv/ubuntu-mono 1  nacyot/fsharp-mono 1 [OK]  caseyjbenko/docker-mono 1 [OK]  nacyot/csharp-mono 1 [OK]  rexm/mono-docker 1 [OK]  prozachj/docker-mono-aspnetvnext 1 [OK]  clarktlaugh/mono 0 [OK]  marcells/mono 0 [OK]  seif/docker-mono-fastcgi-nginx 0 [OK]  fghedin/docker-mono 0 [OK]  shaunol/mono-owin-webapi 0 [OK]  seif/mono-runit 0 [OK]  timefairy/debian-mono 0 [OK]  shaunol/learning-mono 0 [OK]  rmacdonaldsmith/docker-debian-mono-devel 0 [OK]  misakai/mono Mono and LLVM on Debian 0  bryanayers/centos7-mono-snapshot 0 [OK]  fghedin/docker-mono-hello 0 [OK]  acazau/docker-mono 0 [OK]  andmos/mono Baseimage for Mono-runtime. 0  eflab/mono 0  jbonhag/mono-hosting-wcf 0 [OK]  thachmai/mono-complete 0 [OK]  andrefernandes/docker-mono 0 [OK]  mikehadlow/ubuntu-monoxide-mono-devel 0 [OK]  allunite/mono-base Ubuntu with Mono base image 0  wimperdt/mono-in-docker 0 [OK]  ahmet/docker-mono-build 0 [OK]  pmcgrath/mono 0  allunite/buildimage-mono Drone.io build image for mono apps 0  tomrijntjes/monoculture 0 [OK]  pjvds/mono 0  basecrm/mono 0  monokrome/btsync 0 [OK]  basespace/mono 0  robzhu/mono 0  monokrome/zmq 0 [OK]  bowery/mono 0  wbonner/unity-mono 0  wayneo/mono 0  rwentzel/ubuntu-mono Ubuntu 13.04 with Mono 3.2.3 0  scottrudy/mono 0  haaf/mono-baseline A Mono 3.8 baseline with F# installed . So... 0  monokrome/minecraft 0 [OK]  bryanayers/centos7-mono3.10.0 0 [OK]  tilde/mono 0  junsuzuki/mono 0  virkokka/mono-fsharp Ubuntu 14.04 with mono and F# 0  pcherng/phasingapp-mono-dev 0  bryanayers/centos7-mono3.8.0 0 [OK]  monokrome/gitreceive 0 [OK]  kolektiv/mono 0  octohost/mono 0  leptonix/mono 0  monokrome/azure-cli 0 [OK]  monokrome/renderize 0 [OK]  monokrome/gitolite 0 [OK]  paulbrennan/mono 0  monokrome/sshd 0 [OK]  basespace/centos-mono 0  monokrome/nibbler 0 [OK]  saltosystems/mono-xsp4-app 0  clintonalee/centos6-mono 0  endeavour/nginx-mono 0  monokrome/chat 0 [OK]  armbuild/crosbymichael-mono 0  jpina/centos-mono 0  bjornno/mono-phonebook 0  pcherng/jellyfish-mono 0  petee/centos-mono 0  menziesbenwiles/test-mono 0  nyasara/azurepymono A base ubuntu image with Mono, Azure SDK f... 0 [OK]  allanlei/mono-fastcgi-server2 0  petee/centos-mono-2.10.2 0  nyasara/monobase Adds Azure SDK and IronPython to a mo no image 0  hack13/mono310 opensuse mono 3.10 0  originalsurfmex/monode development sandbox (uses 8080): node , exp... 0  jgarverick/monocent Linux image with Mono framework pre-i nstalled 0  pgrm/mono_baseimage 0  pcherng/puma00-14-07-09-mono 0  jgarverick/monodeb 0  azraelrabbit/monup mono opt for jexus web server 0 [OK]  afilimonov/hcci-solr 0 [OK]  afilimonov/docker-solr 0 [OK]  fireantik/fireantmonodocker 0 [OK]  monolive/centos 0  monofraps/centos65-base 0  callumelgrant/docker-mono-aspnetvnext 0 [OK]  seif/mono Debian based mono container using xam arin ... 0 [OK]  smartprocure/mono 0 [OK]  jamesottaway/mono Mono is an open source implementation of M... 0 [OK]  cuda/mono Mono latest release container based o n Ubu... 0 [OK]  crosbymichael/mono 0 [OK]  derekslager/mono 0 [OK]  shaunol/centos-mono 0 [OK]  matsprea/mono-aspnetvnext Repository with MONO and the Asp.Net vnext... 0 [OK]  djsell/mono 0 [OK]  andystanton/exec-mono 0 [OK]  ndelitski/mono 0 [OK]  [root@Mono ~]#

下载Mono的 docker镜像

[root@Mono ~]# docker pull mono  mono:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified  f10807909bc5: Pull complete  f6fab3b798be: Pull complete  3c43ebb7883b: Pull complete  7a1f8e485667: Pull complete  a342319da8ea: Pull complete  3774d7ea06a6: Pull complete  9da8fc8d2ff5: Pull complete  511136ea3c5a: Already exists  Status: Downloaded newer image for mono:latest  [root@Mono ~]#

使用docker运行mono

[root@Mono ~]# docker run -i -t mono bash  )  root@66f9d4b4c73b:/# mono -V  Mono JIT compiler version 3.10.0 (tarball Wed Nov 5 12:50:04 UTC 2014)  Copyright (C) 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com  TLS: __thread  SIGSEGV: altstack  Notifications: epoll  Architecture: amd64  Disabled: none  Misc: softdebug  LLVM: supported, not enabled.  GC: sgen  root@66f9d4b4c73b:/#