Python科学计算工具包：NumPy
NumPy is the fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. It contains among other things:
1）a powerful N-dimensional array object
2）sophisticated (broadcasting) functions
3）tools for integrating C/C++ and Fortran code
4） useful linear algebra, Fourier transform, and random number capabilitiesBesides its obvious scientific uses, NumPy can also be used as an efficient multi-dimensional container of generic data. Arbitrary data-types can be defined. This allows NumPy to seamlessly and speedily integrate with a wide variety of databases.
NumPy几乎是一个无法回避的科学计算工具包，最常用的也许是它的N维数组对象，其他还包括一些成熟的函数库，用于整合C/C++和Fortran代码的工具包，线性代数、傅里叶变换和随机数生成函数等。NumPy提供了两种基本的对象：ndarray（N-dimensional array object）和 ufunc（universal function object）。ndarray是存储单一数据类型的多维数组，而ufunc则是能够对数组进行处理的函数。