检查和收集 Linux 硬件信息的 7 个命令

jopen 11年前

在Linux系统中,有许多命令可用于查询主机的硬件信息。一些命令只针对特定的硬件组件,比如CPU、内存,一些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。

这篇文章只是简单的让每个人了解查询硬件信息的基本命令使用,包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。

1. lscpu用于查询CPU信息

[root@devops ~]# lscpu  Architecture:          x86_64  CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit  Byte Order:            Little Endian  CPU(s):                1  On-line CPU(s) list:   0  Thread(s) per core:    1  Core(s) per socket:    1  CPU socket(s):         1  NUMA node(s):          1  Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel  CPU family:            6  Model:                 45  Stepping:              7  CPU MHz:               2194.842  BogoMIPS:              4389.68  Hypervisor vendor:     Xen  Virtualization type:   full  L1d cache:             32K  L1i cache:             32K  L2 cache:              256K  L3 cache:              15360K  NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0

2. lshw显示硬件信息表

这个命令应用普遍,它可通过个人需求而列出多种不同的硬件参数:CPU、内存、硬盘、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等,本质上就是从/proc目录不同文件中中提取对应的硬件信息。

按照下面的步骤去安装lshw工具,然后就可以使用了。

 wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz   tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz   cd lshw-B.02.14   make && make install

示例:

[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short  H/W path          Device       Class      Description  =====================================================                                 system     HVM domU  /0                             bus        Motherboard  /0/0                           memory     96KiB BIOS  /0/1                           processor  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz  /0/2                           memory     System Memory  /0/2/0                         memory     512MiB DIMM RAM  /0/2/1                         memory     512MiB DIMM RAM  /0/3                           memory     96KiB BIOS  /0/4                           processor  CPU  /0/5                           memory     System Memory  /0/6                           memory       /0/7                           memory       /0/100                         bridge     440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]  /0/100/1                       bridge     82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]  /0/100/1.1        scsi1        storage    82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]  /0/100/1.1/0.0.0  /dev/cdrom1  disk       SCSI CD-ROM  /0/100/1.2                     bus        82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]  /0/100/1.2/1      usb1         bus        UHCI Host Controller  /0/100/1.2/1/2                 input      QEMU USB Tablet  /0/100/1.3                     bridge     82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI  /0/100/2                       display    GD 5446  /0/100/3                       generic    Xen Platform Device  /1                eth0         network    Ethernet interface  /2                eth1         network    Ethernet interface  [root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#

3. hwinfo-硬件信息

hwinfo类似于lshw,也能查询硬件信息,且应用广泛。它也能输出多个硬件部分的详细或者简要信息,但是不同的是有时hwinfo比lshw的信息更详细。

默认情况下,Linux系统没有安装hwinfo工具,所以你需要按照以下步骤自己安装:

CentOS 6

#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm  #yum list hwinfo  #yum install hwinfo

CentOS 5

#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm  #yum list hwinfo  #yum install hwinfo
[root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm  Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm  warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY  Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]     1:gf-release             ########################################### [100%]  [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile   * base: mirrors.aliyun.com   * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com   * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com  gf                                                                                                         00:00       gf/primary_db                                                                                          00:00       Available Packages  hwinfo.x86_64  [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile   * base: mirrors.aliyun.com   * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com   * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com  gf                                                                                                        00:00       gf/primary_db                                                                                               00:00       Available Packages  hwinfo.x86_64                                                20.2-1.gf.el6
[root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile   * base: mirrors.aliyun.com   * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com   * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com  Setting up Install Process  Resolving Dependencies  --> Running transaction check  ---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed  .....

示例:

[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short  oops: don't know what to do with "short"  [root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short  cpu:                                                                                     Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz  keyboard:    /dev/input/event3    AT Translated Set 2 keyboard    /dev/ttyS0           serial console  mouse:    /dev/input/mice      Adomax QEMU USB Tablet    /dev/input/mice      Macintosh mouse button emulation    /dev/input/mice      ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse  graphics card:                         Cirrus Logic GD 5446  storage:                         Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]                         Xen Virtual Storage 0                         Xen Virtual Storage 1                         Xen Virtual Storage 2  network:    eth0                 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0    eth1                 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1  network interface:    lo                   Loopback network interface    eth0                 Ethernet network interface    eth1                 Ethernet network interface  disk:    /dev/xvda            Disk    /dev/xvdb            Disk  partition:    /dev/xvda1           Partition    /dev/xvdb1           Partition  cdrom:    /dev/sr0             QEMU DVD-ROM  usb controller:                         Qumranet Qemu virtual machine  bios:                         BIOS  bridge:                         Qumranet Qemu virtual machine                         Qumranet Qemu virtual machine                         Qumranet Qemu virtual machine  hub:                         Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller  memory:                         Main Memory  unknown:                         FPU                         DMA controller                         PIC                         Timer                         Keyboard controller                         XenSource Xen Platform Device  [root@devops tmp]#

4. lspci

lsppci命令可列出PCI总线的信息以及连接到PCI总线上的设备信息,比如VGA适配器、SATA控制器、其他模块等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分,所以在安装lspci之前,你需要安装pciutils包。

安装pciutils包使用下面的命令:

#yum install pciutils
[root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile   * base: mirrors.aliyun.com   * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com   * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com  Setting up Install Process  Resolving Dependencies  --> Running transaction check  ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed  --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64  --> Running transaction check  ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated  ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update  --> Finished Dependency Resolution    Dependencies Resolved    Installing:   pciutils                         x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6                         85 k  Updating for dependencies:   pciutils-libs                    x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6                           34 k    .....      Dependency Updated:    pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6                                                                                Complete!

示例:

[root@devops tmp]# lspci   00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)  00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]  00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]  00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)  00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01)  00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446  00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01)  [root@devops tmp]#

5. lsusb-列出USB总线信息

这个命令可列出USB控制器的设备信息。

lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分,所以你需要按照如下命令安装:

#yum install usbutils

[root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile   * base: mirrors.aliyun.com   * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com   * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com  Setting up Install Process  Resolving Dependencies  --> Running transaction check  ---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed  --> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64  --> Running transaction check  ---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed  --> Finished Dependency Resolution    Dependencies Resolved    ============================================    ============   Package                     Arch                      Version                                        Size  =======================================================  ============  Installing:   usbutils                    x86_64                    003-4.el6                                            71 k  Installing for dependencies:   libusb1                     x86_64                    1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6                                80 k    Transaction Summary  ================================================================    ============  Install       2 Package(s)    Total download size: 152 k  Installed size: 377 k  Is this ok [y/N]: y  Downloading Packages:  (1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                          00:00       (2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                    00:00       --------------------------------------------------------    ------------  Total                                                                                          00:00       Running rpm_check_debug  Running Transaction Test  Transaction Test Succeeded  Running Transaction    Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/2     Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                    2/2     Verifying  : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                    1/2     Verifying  : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64                                                                             2/2     Installed:    usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6                                                                                        Dependency Installed:    libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6                                                                                 Complete!

示例:

[root@devops tmp]# lsusb  Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub  Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd   [root@devops tmp]#

6. lsblk-列出块设备的信息

[root@devops tmp]# lsblk  NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT  xvda    202:0    0    20G  0 disk   └─xvda1 202:1    0    20G  0 part /  xvdb    202:16   0    10G  0 disk   └─xvdb1 202:17   0    10G  0 part /alidata  sr0      11:0    1   362K  0 rom

7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的设备信息

列出SCSI/SDAT设备的信息,比如硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器。

[root@devops tmp]# lsscsi  [1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  QEMU     QEMU DVD-ROM     0.10  /dev/sr0   [root@devops tmp]#

完毕!Enjoy this!