java字节码框架ASM的学习

jopen 11年前

一、什么是ASM

  ASM是一个java字节码操纵框架,它能被用来动态生成类或者增强既有类的功能。ASM 可以直接产生二进制 class 文件,也可以在类被加载入 Java 虚拟机之前动态改变类行为。Java class 被存储在严格格式定义的 .class文件里,这些类文件拥有足够的元数据来解析类中的所有元素:类名称、方法、属性以及 Java 字节码(指令)。ASM从类文件中读入信息后,能够改变类行为,分析类信息,甚至能够根据用户要求生成新类。

  使用ASM框架需要导入asm的jar包,下载链接:asm-3.2.jar

  二、如何使用ASM

  ASM框架中的核心类有以下几个:

  ①  ClassReader:该类用来解析编译过的class字节码文件。

  ②  ClassWriter:该类用来重新构建编译后的类,比如说修改类名、属性以及方法,甚至可以生成新的类的字节码文件。

  ③  ClassAdapter:该类也实现了ClassVisitor接口,它将对它的方法调用委托给另一个ClassVisitor对象。

  示例1.通过asm生成类的字节码

package com.asm3;    import java.io.File;  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;  import java.io.FileOutputStream;  import java.io.IOException;    import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;  import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;    /**   * 通过asm生成类的字节码   * @author Administrator   *   */  public class GeneratorClass {        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {          //生成一个类只需要ClassWriter组件即可          ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0);          //通过visit方法确定类的头部信息          cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_5, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT+Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE,                  "com/asm3/Comparable", null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{"com/asm3/Mesurable"});          //定义类的属性          cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,                  "LESS", "I", null, new Integer(-1)).visitEnd();          cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,                  "EQUAL", "I", null, new Integer(0)).visitEnd();          cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,                  "GREATER", "I", null, new Integer(1)).visitEnd();          //定义类的方法          cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT, "compareTo",                  "(Ljava/lang/Object;)I", null, null).visitEnd();          cw.visitEnd(); //使cw类已经完成          //将cw转换成字节数组写到文件里面去          byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();          File file = new File("D://Comparable.class");          FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);          fout.write(data);          fout.close();      }  }
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  生成一个类的字节码文件只需要用到ClassWriter类即可,生成Comparable.class后用javap指令对其进行反编译:javap -c Comparable.class >test.txt  ,编译后的结果如下:

package com.asm5;    public class C {      public void m() throws InterruptedException{          Thread.sleep(100);       }  }
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  注:一个编译后的java类不包含package和import段,因此在class文件中所有的类型都使用的是全路径。

  示例2.修改类的字节码文件

C.java

 
package com.asm5;    public class C {      public static long timer;      public void m() throws InterruptedException{          timer -= System.currentTimeMillis();          Thread.sleep(100);           timer += System.currentTimeMillis();      }  }

将C.java类的内容改为如下:

 1 package com.asm5; 2  3 public class C { 4     public static long timer; 5     public void m() throws InterruptedException{ 6         timer -= System.currentTimeMillis(); 7         Thread.sleep(100);  8         timer += System.currentTimeMillis(); 9     }10 }
复制代码
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  为了弄清楚ASM是如何实现的,我们先编译这两个类,然后比对它们的TraceClassVisitor的输出,我们可以发现如下的不同(粗体表示)

GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LSUB
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
LDC 100
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/Thread.sleep(J)V
GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LADD
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
RETURN
MAXSTACK=4
MAXLOCALS=1

  通过比对上面的指令,我们可以发现必须在m()方法的最前面增加四条指令,在RETURN指令前也增加四条指令,同时这四条必须位于xRETURN和ATHROW之前,因为这些指令都会结束方法的执行。

具体代码如下:

AddTimeClassAdapter.java

package com.asm5;    import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;  import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;  import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor;  import org.objectweb.asm.MethodAdapter;  import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;  import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;    public class AddTimeClassAdapter extends ClassAdapter {      private String owner;      private boolean isInterface;      public AddTimeClassAdapter(ClassVisitor cv) {          super(cv);      }      @Override      public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature,              String superName, String[] interfaces) {          cv.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces);          owner = name;          isInterface = (access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0;      }      @Override      public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc,              String signature, String[] exceptions) {          MethodVisitor mv = cv.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);          if(!name.equals("<init>") && !isInterface && mv!=null){              //为方法添加计时功能              mv = new AddTimeMethodAdapter(mv);          }          return mv;      }      @Override      public void visitEnd() {          //添加字段          if(!isInterface){              FieldVisitor fv = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "timer", "J", null, null);              if(fv!=null){                  fv.visitEnd();              }          }          cv.visitEnd();      }            class AddTimeMethodAdapter extends MethodAdapter{          public AddTimeMethodAdapter(MethodVisitor mv) {              super(mv);          }          @Override          public void visitCode() {              mv.visitCode();              mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");              mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");              mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LSUB);              mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");          }          @Override          public void visitInsn(int opcode) {              if((opcode>=Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode<=Opcodes.RETURN) || opcode==Opcodes.ATHROW){                  mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");                  mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");                  mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LADD);                  mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");              }              mv.visitInsn(opcode);          }          @Override          public void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocal) {              mv.visitMaxs(maxStack+4, maxLocal);          }      }        }
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Generator.java

 
package com.asm5;    import java.io.File;  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;  import java.io.FileOutputStream;  import java.io.IOException;    import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;  import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;  import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;        public class Generator {        public static void main(String[] args){          try {              ClassReader cr = new ClassReader("com/asm5/C");              ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS);              ClassAdapter classAdapter = new AddTimeClassAdapter(cw);              //使给定的访问者访问Java类的ClassReader              cr.accept(classAdapter, ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG);              byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();              File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\WebRoot\\WEB-INF\\classes\\com\\asm5\\C.class");              FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);              fout.write(data);              fout.close();              System.out.println("success!");          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {              e.printStackTrace();          } catch (IOException e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }      }    }

下面是一个测试类:


package com.asm5;    public class Test {      public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {          C c = new C();          c.m();          Class cc = c.getClass();          System.out.println(cc.getField("timer").get(c));      }  }

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输出结果为:100
来自:http://www.cnblogs.com/liuling/archive/2013/05/25/asm.html