管理 RabbitMQ 服务器的几种方式

jopen 11年前

1.通过 rabbitmqctl 脚本</strong></span>

rabbitmqctl 是 shell 脚本,其通过 exec 调用了 erl 程序。会间接调用到如下两个 shell 脚本:

  • rabbitmq-env
  • rabbitmq-defaults
在使用该脚本时允许用户定制的环境变量为:
  • RABBITMQ_NODENAME          默认值 ${NODENAME}
  • RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS       默认值 ${CTL_ERL_ARGS}
下面分别看下这几个脚本都干了哪些事情。
rabbitmqctl</strong>】</span>
[root@Betty chapter-9]# vi /usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl     #!/bin/sh  ##  The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License  ##  Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in  ##  compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License  ##  at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/  ##  ##  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"  ##  basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See  ##  the License for the specific language governing rights and  ##  limitations under the License.  ##  ##  The Original Code is RabbitMQ.  ##  ##  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is VMware, Inc.  ##  Copyright (c) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.  All rights reserved.  ##    # Get default settings with user overrides for (RABBITMQ_)<var_name>  # Non-empty defaults should be set in rabbitmq-env  . `dirname $0`/rabbitmq-env     # $0 为 /usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl 所以 `dirname $0`/rabbitmq-env                                   # 为 /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-env                                  # 这里是初始化了一些默认的环境变量值(详见下面)    ##--- Set environment vars RABBITMQ_<var_name> to defaults if not set    # 若未手动设置 $RABBITMQ_NODENAME 则设置其为默认值 ${NODENAME}  [ "x" = "x$RABBITMQ_NODENAME" ] && RABBITMQ_NODENAME=${NODENAME}  # 若未手动设置 $RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS 则设置其值为默认值 ${CTL_ERL_ARGS}  [ "x" = "x$RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS" ] && RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS=${CTL_ERL_ARGS}    ##--- End of overridden <var_name> variables    exec ${ERL_DIR}erl \      -pa "${RABBITMQ_HOME}/ebin" \      -noinput \      -hidden \      ${RABBITMQ_CTL_ERL_ARGS} \      -sname rabbitmqctl$$ \                  # $$ 为当前进程的 pid      -boot "${CLEAN_BOOT_FILE}" \      -s rabbit_control_main \      -nodename $RABBITMQ_NODENAME \      -extra "$@"
rabbitmq-env</strong>】</span>
[root@Betty ~]# vi /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-env    #!/bin/sh  ##  The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License  ##  Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in  ##  compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License  ##  at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/  ##  ##  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"  ##  basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See  ##  the License for the specific language governing rights and  ##  limitations under the License.  ##  ##  The Original Code is RabbitMQ.  ##  ##  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is VMware, Inc.  ##  Copyright (c) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.  All rights reserved.  ##    # Determine where this script is really located (if this script is  # invoked from another script, this is the location of the caller)  SCRIPT_PATH="$0"    # $0 的值应该为 /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-env  while [ -h "$SCRIPT_PATH" ] ; do       # -h 用于判定是否为符号链接      # readlink -f 获取符号链接 rabbitmq-env 所对应的完整路径 /usr/lib/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-env      FULL_PATH=`readlink -f $SCRIPT_PATH 2>/dev/null`      if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then   # 判定上一步执行结果是否为成功      # 直接执行 readlink 将获取符号链接 rabbitmq-env 所对应的相对路径 ../lib/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-env        REL_PATH=`readlink $SCRIPT_PATH`        # expr STRING : REGEXP 判定 $REL_PATH 是不是以 '/' 开头        if expr "$REL_PATH" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then          SCRIPT_PATH="$REL_PATH"   # 以 '/' 开头        else          SCRIPT_PATH="`dirname "$SCRIPT_PATH"`/$REL_PATH"        fi      else        SCRIPT_PATH=$FULL_PATH      fi  done    SCRIPT_DIR=`dirname $SCRIPT_PATH`    # 得到 SCRIPT_DIR = /usr/lib/rabbitmq/sbin  RABBITMQ_HOME="${SCRIPT_DIR}/.."     # 得到 RABBITMQ_HOME = /usr/lib/rabbitmq/  [ "x" = "x$HOSTNAME" ] && HOSTNAME=`env hostname`  # 得到 HOSTNAME = Betty  NODENAME=rabbit@${HOSTNAME%%.*}      # 得到 NODENAME = rabbit@Betty 其中 ${HOSTNAME%%.*} 的含义是                                       # 以 '.' 为分隔位置,从后开始作最长匹配的删除                                       # 如果是一个 '%' 则为最短匹配    ## Set defaults  . ${SCRIPT_DIR}/rabbitmq-defaults    # 初始化默认环境变量(详见下面)    ## Common defaults  SERVER_ERL_ARGS="+K true +A30 +P 1048576 \    -kernel inet_default_connect_options [{nodelay,true}]"    # 默认的通用配置选项    # warn about old rabbitmq.conf file, if no new one  if [ -f /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf ] && \     [ ! -f ${CONF_ENV_FILE} ] ; then      echo -n "WARNING: ignoring /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf -- "   # echo -n 不输出换行符      echo "location has moved to ${CONF_ENV_FILE}"  fi    ## Get configuration variables from the configure environment file  [ -f ${CONF_ENV_FILE} ] && . ${CONF_ENV_FILE} # 如果存在 ${CONF_ENV_FILE} 文件则执行该 环境配置 文件
rabbitmq-defaults
[root@Betty ~]# vi /usr/sbin/rabbitmq-defaults     #!/bin/sh  ##  The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License  ##  Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in  ##  compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License  ##  at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/  ##  ##  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"  ##  basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See  ##  the License for the specific language governing rights and  ##  limitations under the License.  ##  ##  The Original Code is RabbitMQ.  ##  ##  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is VMware, Inc.  ##  Copyright (c) 2012-2013 VMware, Inc.  All rights reserved.  ##    ### next line potentially updated in package install steps  SYS_PREFIX=    ### next line will be updated when generating a standalone release  ERL_DIR=    CLEAN_BOOT_FILE=start_clean  SASL_BOOT_FILE=start_sasl    ## Set default values    CONFIG_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq                 # 配置文件路径  LOG_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/log/rabbitmq                         # 日志文件路径  MNESIA_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia               # 数据库路径  ENABLED_PLUGINS_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins # 记录已使能插件的文件    PLUGINS_DIR="${RABBITMQ_HOME}/plugins"                          # 插件所在路径    CONF_ENV_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf      # 环境配置文件

2. 通过 RabbitMQ Management plugin</strong></span>
首先想到的问题是:为什么有了 rabbitmqctl 还要 RabbitMQ Management plugin ?
  • 原因一,若想通过 rabbitmqctl 来对 rabbitmq server 进行操作,要求必须要有 Erlang 运行环境、必须要能够访问到启动 rabbitmq server 时使用的 erlang cookie 文件。
  • 原因二,一旦满足了上述条件,那么该访问者将拥有对当前 rabbitmq server 为所欲为的能力,非常危险。
  • 原因三,不是所有人都喜欢敲、以及会敲 CLI 命令。
  • 原因四,难于与其他编程语言或工具进行集成。
RabbitMQ Management plugin 提供了如下几种入口:
  • Web interface    --  通过鼠标点击就可以查看各种信息
  • REST interface   --   通过 HTTP URI 实现对各种功能的访问
  • CLI interface      --   通过 rabbitmqadmin 脚本访问 (Python2.x)
与《Rabbitmq in Action》中的说明进行对照:
  • Management: Web UI
  • Management: HTTP API
  • Management: Command Line Tool 
其中,
  • WEB UI 提供了在 rabbitmq server 上的可视化操作;
  • REST API 提供了一种与其他语言和工具集成的方式。返回的结构均以 JSON 格式提供,故需要支持 JSON 解析;需要支持 HTTP basic authentication ;需要手动构造完整的 HTTP request 。支持对返回结果的排序、显示过滤,以及获取历史数据。(参考 http://youripaddir:15672/api/)
  • CLI interface 优于 REST-based API 的地方是不需要构建 request 中的全部内容,提供了优雅的格式化的输出。rabbitmqadmin 已经实现了对 REST API 的封装,提供了更加简洁的调用接口,能够对 rabbitmq server 进行管理和监控。
      官网原文如下介绍该工具:rabbitmqadmin 提供了 Web UI 上所具有的全部功能,且更易于在脚本中使用。rabbitmqadmin 是一个特化的 HTTP 客户端,但如果你打算在自己的应用程序中调用 rabbitmqadmin ,那么还是建议你采用直接访问 HTTP API 的方式 </span> 另外, rabb</span> itmqadmin 一般会在增加可执行权限后放到 /usr/local/bin 中。

来自:http://my.oschina.net/moooofly/blog/170965