iOS中的系统通知
iOS系统可支持本地通知和远程通知,一个通知在客户端收到的时候可能是一个通知窗体,可能会播放一段通知声音,还有可能在程序图标上增加一个数字,还有可能三者皆有。
本文描述ios系统中计划local notification,注册 remote notification,以及处理 local和remote notification的步骤。本文中客户端API中notification推送指的就是remote notfication的推送
第一个知识点:准备个人定制音频作为提示音,
请注意下面四个小问题-----
1,
系统能播放的四种音频数据格式
Linear PCM
MA4 (IMA/ADPCM)
µLaw
aLaw
对应的后缀名可以是aiff, wav, or caf file. Then,
2, 可以用afconvert来转换音频,例如把16位的线性PCM系统音频格式文件 Submarine.aiff 转换成IMA4音频,存为.CAF文件。
在终端执行即可
afconvert /System/Library/Sounds/Submarine.aiff ~/Desktop/sub.caf -d ima4 -f caff -v
3, 如何确定音频格式呢。
打开QuickTime Player-> Movie menu->Show Movie Inspector
4, 个人定制音频必须是30s以下。否则就播放默认的声音了。
第二个知识点:预定一个Local Notification
需要了解下面5个步骤
1, Allocate 和 initialize 一个 UILocalNotification对象。
2, fireDate属性赋值
3, 设置别的几个体型要素 提示框,提示音,图标上的提示数字。也可以带别的个性化数据:通过userInfo带出去。
4, 然后Schedule这个通知。通过UIApplication.scheduleLocalNotification来预定执行或者立马执行presentLocalNotificationNow:
5, 也可以取消这个通知。用这个方法:cancelLocalNotification和cancelAllLocalNotifications这个方法
看下代码
/
/如何创建设定一个Notification - (void)scheduleNotificationWithItem:(ToDoItem *)item interval:(int)minutesBefore { NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar autoupdatingCurrentCalendar]; NSDateComponents *dateComps = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init]; [dateComps setDay:item.day]; [dateComps setMonth:item.month]; [dateComps setYear:item.year]; [dateComps setHour:item.hour]; [dateComps setMinute:item.minute]; NSDate *itemDate = [calendar dateFromComponents:dateComps]; [dateComps release]; UILocalNotification *localNotif = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init]; if (localNotif == nil) return; localNotif.fireDate = [itemDate addTimeInterval:-(minutesBefore*60)]; localNotif.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone]; localNotif.alertBody = [NSString stringWithFormat:NSLocalizedString(@"%@ in %i minutes.", nil), item.eventName, minutesBefore]; localNotif.alertAction = NSLocalizedString(@"View Details", nil); localNotif.soundName = UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName; localNotif.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 1; NSDictionary *infoDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:item.eventName forKey:ToDoItemKey]; localNotif.userInfo = infoDict; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:localNotif]; [localNotif release]; } //程序运行在后台时候如何提交一个UILocalNotification。 - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application { NSLog(@"Application entered background state."); // bgTask is instance variable NSAssert(self->bgTask == UIInvalidBackgroundTask, nil); bgTask = [application beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler: ^{ dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ [application endBackgroundTask:self->bgTask]; self->bgTask = UIInvalidBackgroundTask; }); }]; dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ while ([application backgroundTimeRemaining] > 1.0) { NSString *friend = [self checkForIncomingChat]; if (friend) { UILocalNotification *localNotif = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init]; if (localNotif) { localNotif.alertBody = [NSString stringWithFormat: NSLocalizedString(@"%@ has a message for you.", nil), friend]; localNotif.alertAction = NSLocalizedString(@"Read Message", nil); localNotif.soundName = @"alarmsound.caf"; localNotif.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 1; [application presentLocalNotificationNow:localNotif]; [localNotif release]; friend = nil; break; } } } [application endBackgroundTask:self->bgTask]; self->bgTask = UIInvalidBackgroundTask; }); }
第三个知识点:注册 Remote Notifications
需要注册Apple Push Notification service ,有三步
1,调用 registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:方法
2,通过实现application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:这个delegate来接受从APNs传过来的device token。这个token是个binary的值
3,程序启动即需调用theregisterForRemoteNotificationTypes: 方法来注册推送。后期可以调用enabledRemoteNotificationTypes这个方法来改通知类型。
需要注意的事情:
如果网络不通,application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken这个方法和 application:didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:都不会被调用哦。 Wifi的时候,通过5223端口链接APNs通常连不上哟因为网管把端口封掉了哟。
建议每次程序启动的时候都调用registerForRemoteNotificationTypes来重新获取设备相关的token,而不要缓存token.
这是因为,如果用户重装了iOS或者用户换了设备并且恢复程序备份到一个新的设备,都将导致这个token值不一样。
那通知就收不到了呗。
看下代码:
Listing 2-3 Registering for remote notifications - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)app { // other setup tasks here.... [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound)]; } // Delegation methods - (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)devToken { const void *devTokenBytes = [devToken bytes]; self.registered = YES; [self sendProviderDeviceToken:devTokenBytes]; // custom method } - (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)err { NSLog(@"Error in registration. Error: %@", err); }
第四个知识点:处理 Local and Remote Notifications
一般通知来时,程序有两种状态。
1,后台运行发送,需要窗体,声音和数字
点击窗体,启动程序。程序启动了在application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: 方法里面获取传递的数据
notification payload (for remote notifications) or
local-notification object (for local notifications).
点击图标,启动程序。同样调用application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions,但是传参将不会有远程消息的任何信息
2,程序在前台跑着呢。
程序直接就调用application:didReceiveRemoteNotification: (for remote notifications)这个方法了
application:didReceiveLocalNotification: method (for local notifications)
总之要实现UIApplicationDelegate协议
实现application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:方法
实现application:didReceiveRemoteNotification:方法
或者实现application:didReceiveLocalNotification:方法
3,那如何判断区别前台还是后台这两种状况呢。
用这个属性applicationState来判断。
若为UIApplicationStateInactive就是用户点击通知框按钮进来的。
若为UIApplicationStateActive,就是前台正跑着呢。
当iOS收到远程消息时,
看下代码
//Handling a local notification when an application is launched - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)app didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { UILocalNotification *localNotif = [launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey]; if (localNotif) { NSString *itemName = [localNotif.userInfo objectForKey:ToDoItemKey]; [viewController displayItem:itemName]; // custom method application.applicationIconBadgeNumber = localNotif.applicationIconBadgeNumber-1; } [window addSubview:viewController.view]; [window makeKeyAndVisible]; return YES; }
这里可以通过UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey来获取通知传递过来的自定义数据
之后即可从provider方下数据了。
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)opts { // check launchOptions for notification payload and custom data, set UI context [self startDownloadingDataFromProvider]; // custom method app.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 0; // other setup tasks here.... } Listing 2-6 Handling a local notification when an application is already running - (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notif { NSString *itemName = [notif.userInfo objectForKey:ToDoItemKey] [viewController displayItem:itemName]; // custom method application.applicationIconBadgeNumber = notification.applicationIconBadgeNumber-1; }
本文为意译,原文地址:https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation /NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/RemoteNotificationsPG/IPhoneOSClientImp/IPhoneOSClientImp.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008194-CH103-SW1