Android Http请求方法汇总
jopen
12年前
这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。
1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源
(1)get请求
public String executeHttpGet() { String result = null; URL url = null; HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStreamReader in = null; try { url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (connection != null) { connection.disconnect(); } if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; } 注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2
(2)post请求
public String executeHttpPost() { String result = null; URL url = null; HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStreamReader in = null; try { url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setDoInput(true); connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8"); DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream( connection.getOutputStream()); dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou"); dop.flush(); dop.close(); in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (connection != null) { connection.disconnect(); } if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; } 如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：
URLEncoder.encode("测试","utf-8") URLDecoder.decode("测试","utf-8"); 2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
(1)get请求
public String executeGet() { String result = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try { HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet request = new HttpGet(); request.setURI(new URI( "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou")); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response .getEntity().getContent())); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); String line = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null) { try { reader.close(); reader = null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; } （2）post请求
public String executePost() { String result = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try { HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(); request.setURI(new URI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/")); List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("token", "alexzhou")); UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity( postParameters); request.setEntity(formEntity); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response .getEntity().getContent())); StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); String line = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { strBuffer.append(line); } result = strBuffer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null) { try { reader.close(); reader = null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; } 3.服务端代码实现
上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：
#coding=utf-8 import json from flask import Flask,request,render_template app = Flask(__name__) def send_ok_json(data=None): if not data: data = {} ok_json = {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data} return json.dumps(ok_json) @app.route('/data/get/',methods=['GET']) def data_get(): token = request.args.get('token') ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'get') return send_ok_json(ret) @app.route('/data/post/',methods=['POST']) def data_post(): token = request.form.get('token') ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'post') return send_ok_json(ret) if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True) 运行服务器，如图：
4. 编写单元测试代码
右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：
在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:
public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase { @Override protected void setUp() throws Exception { Log.e("HttpTest", "setUp"); } @Override protected void tearDown() throws Exception { Log.e("HttpTest", "tearDown"); } public void testExecuteGet() { Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteGet"); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executeGet(); Log.e("HttpTest", result); } public void testExecutePost() { Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecutePost"); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executePost(); Log.e("HttpTest", result); } public void testExecuteHttpGet() { Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpGet"); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executeHttpGet(); Log.e("HttpTest", result); } public void testExecuteHttpPost() { Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpPost"); HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); String result = client.executeHttpPost(); Log.e("HttpTest", result); } } 附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：
public class HttpClientTest { private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object(); private static HttpClientTest mInstance; private HttpClientTest() { } public static HttpClientTest getInstance() { synchronized (mSyncObject) { if (mInstance != null) { return mInstance; } mInstance = new HttpClientTest(); } return mInstance; } /**...上面的四个方法...*/ } 现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="15" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" /> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_main" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" /> </manifest>
注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名
5.测试结果
展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：
(2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：
(3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：
(4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：