Git 服务器 Gitosis 架设指南
jopen
12年前
Git是非常著名的分布式版本控制系统。
Gitosis则是方便通过Git与ssh架设中央服务器的软件。这篇文章的安装流程写得很明了,但使用中还是遇到了些许问题,本文算是该流程的补充。如果打算通过Gitosis架设服务器通过本文或许可以少走不少弯路。
一、架设步骤
1. 下载并安装python setuptools
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools2. 下载并安装gitosis
cd ~/srcgit clone git://eagain.net/gitosis.git
cd gitosis
python setup.py install
3. 添加用户git
sudo adduser \ --system \ --shell /bin/sh \ --gecos 'git version control' \ --group \ --disabled-password \ --home /home/git \ git
4. 生成本机密钥
切换到个人机,如果已有~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub略过此步ssh-keygen -t rsa
5. 上传密钥到服务器临时目录
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 用户名@主机:/tmp6. 初使化gitosis
切回到服务器sudo -H -u git gitosis-init < /tmp/id_rsa.pub
7. 修改post-update权限
sudo chmod 755 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update8. clone gitosis管理平台
git clone git@主机名:gitosis-admin.gitcd gitosis-admin
9. 安装完成
通过修改gitosis-admin管理gitosis用户权限添加公密到keydir,添加用户
修改完后commit,push到中服务器即可完成仓库权限的相关操作。
二、实例
目标:添加用户 john 和仓库 foo 到gitosis,并和管理员miao合作管理1. 用户john添加并发送id_rsa.pub给miao
- john:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
- Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/john/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/john/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
- john:~$ cp /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /tmp
2. gitosis管理员miao分配john权限
- miao:~$ cd ~/projects
- git clone git@192.168.1.115:gitosis-admin
- cd gitosis-admin
- cat gitosis.conf
-
[gitosis] [group gitosis-admin] writable = gitosis-admin members = miao@u32-192-168-1-110
- ls keydir/
- miao@u32-192-168-1-110.pub
- cp /tmp/id_rsa.pub keydir/john.pub
- vi gitosis.conf
-
[gitosis] [group gitosis-admin] writable = gitosis-admin members = miao@u32-192-168-1-110 [group foo] writable = foo members = miao@u32-192-168-1-110 john
- git add .
- git commit -am "add member john and project foo"
- git push
3. 用户 miao 添加项目foo
- miao:~$ cd ~/projects
- mkdir foo
- cd foo
- git init
- touch hello.txt
- git add hello.txt
- git commit -am 'first commit'
- git remote add origin git@192.168.1.115:foo.git
- git push origin master
4. 用户 john clone Foo并修改hello.txt
- john:~$ git clone git@192.168.1.115:foo.git
- cd foo
- ls
- date > hello.txt
- git commit -am 'add time to hello.txt' && git push
5. 用户 miao pull Foo
- miao:~/projects/foo$ vi .git/config
-
[core] repositoryformatversion = 0 filemode = true bare = false logallrefupdates = true [remote "origin"] url = git@192.168.1.115:foo.git fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* [branch "master"] remote = origin merge = refs/heads/master
- git pull
三、常见问题
首先确定 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update 为可执行即属性为 07551. git操作需要输入密码
- 原因
- 公密未找到
- 解决
- 上传id_pub.rsa到keydir并改为'gitosis帐号.pub'形式,如miao.pub。扩展名.pub不可省略
2. ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository read access denied
- 原因
- gitosis.conf中的members与keydir中的用户名不一致,如gitosis中的members = foo@bar,但keydir中的公密名却叫foo.pub
- 解决
- 使keydir的名称与gitosis中members所指的名称一致。
改为members = foo 或 公密名称改为foo@bar.pub