Nginx1.2.3入门指南

jopen 12年前

http://wiki.nginx.org/GettingStarted

 

Nginx1.2.3入门指南

Nginx is a reverse proxy first and HTTP server second.

Nginx首先是反向代理，其次是HTTP服务器。

 

  1. 源码编译安装过程
  2. 进入Nginx的解压缩目录

Nginx的安装需要如下第三方包：

  • pcre，The PCRE library is a setof functions that implement regularexpression pattern matchingusing the same syntax and semantics asPerl 5.（www.pcre.org）
  • zlib，The zlib  library is designed to be afree, general-purpose, legally unencumbered -- that is, not covered by anypatents -- lossless data-compressionlibraryfor use on virtually any computer hardware and operating system.（www.zlib.net）
  • openssl

如果缺少上述包，会提示错误。

 

  1. 下载源代码编译的过程如下：

执行./configure，提示如下错误：

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRElibrary.

You can either disable the module by using--without-http_rewrite_module

option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or buildthe PCRE library

statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path>option.

 

安装PCRE

sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev

 

再次执行./configure，提示如下错误：

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zliblibrary.

You can either disable the module by using--without-http_gzip_module

option, or install the zlib library into the system, or buildthe zlib library

statically from the source with nginx by using--with-zlib=<path> option.

 

安装zlib

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

 

再次执行./configure，提示如下错误：

./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions

from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using

–without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library intothe system,

or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source withnginx by using

–with-http_ssl_module –with-openssl= options.

 

安装OpenSSL

sudo apt-get install openssl

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

 

再次执行./configure成功，提示如下：

Configuration summary

  + using system PCRElibrary

  + OpenSSL library is notused

  + using builtin md5 code

  + sha1 library is notfound

  + using system zliblibrary

 

  nginx path prefix:"/usr/local/nginx"

  nginx binary file:"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

  nginx configurationprefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"

  nginx configurationfile: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

  nginx pid file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

  nginx error log file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"

  nginx http access logfile: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"

  nginx http clientrequest body temporary files: "client_body_temp"

  nginx http proxytemporary files: "proxy_temp"

  nginx http fastcgitemporary files: "fastcgi_temp"

  nginx http uwsgitemporary files: "uwsgi_temp"

  nginx http scgitemporary files: "scgi_temp"

 

执行make

 

执行sudo makeinstall

 

  1. 默认安装在/usr/local/nginx，包括如下文件：

hanxb@ubuntu :/usr/local/nginx$ ll

total 24

drwxr-xr-x  6 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 ./

drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2012-09-17 02:12 ../

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 conf/

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 html/

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 logs/

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root4096 2012-09-17 02:12 sbin/

 

 

  1. 启动Nginx

进入sbin目录，Ubuntu下直接执行其中的可执行文件Nginx，提示如下：

hanxb@ubuntu :/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ./nginx

 

启动结果如图：

 

具体的启动参数如下：

启动参数

含义

-c </path/to/config> 

Specify which configuration file Nginx should use instead of the default.

-g 

Set global directives. (version >=0.7.4)

-t 

Don't run, just test the configuration file. Nginx checks configuration for correct syntax and then try to open files referred in configuration.

-s signal 

Send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload. (version >= 0.7.53)

-v 

Print version.

-V 

Print nginx version, compiler version and configure parameters.

-p prefix 

Set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/). (version >= 0.7.53)

-h,-? 

Print help.

如：/usr/local/nginx-t -c~/mynginx.conf -g"pid /var/run/nginx.pid;worker_processes 2;"

 

打开浏览器访问http://localhost/，Nginx默认使用80端口。出现如下页面：

 

 

  • Nginx的配置

The Nginx configuration file is an inheriting-hierarchy, directives specified in a higher block willfilter down to lower blocks as a default value. So we should specify things inthe top most hierarchy whenever possible. 3 hierarchies are usually referred toas blocks: 

  • the HTTP-block
  • the server-block,which is what in Apache would be considered a virtual host.
  • and the location block,usually referrers to the URI. locationswork on the URI without any query parameters and only one location block willever be run. 

The hierarchy goes like this: http -> server ->location.

There are two other special locations (contain only a minoramount of directives), an event blockand the rootwhich the event blockand the http block reside in. 

 

Nginx的配置文件为/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，默认内容如下：

 

#user  nobody;

worker_processes  1;

 

#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

 

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

 

 

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

 

 

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

 

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

 

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

 

    sendfile        on;

    #tcp_nopush     on;

 

    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

 

    #gzip  on;

 

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

 

        #charset koi8-r;

 

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

 

        location / {

            root   html;

            index  index.html index.htm;

        }

 

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

 

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

        #

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {

            root   html;

        }

 

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

        #

        #location ~ \.php$ {

        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;

        #}

 

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

        #

        #location ~ \.php$ {

        #    root           html;

        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;

        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

        #    include        fastcgi_params;

        #}

 

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

        # concurs with nginx's one

        #

        #location ~ /\.ht {

        #    deny  all;

        #}

    }

 

 

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

    #

    #server {

    #    listen       8000;

    #    listen       somename:8080;

    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

 

    #    location / {

    #        root   html;

    #        index  index.html index.htm;

    #    }

    #}

 

 

    # HTTPS server

    #

    #server {

    #    listen       443;

    #    server_name  localhost;

 

    #    ssl                  on;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;

    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

 

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

 

    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

 

    #    location / {

    #        root   html;

    #        index  index.html index.htm;

    #    }

    #}

 

}

 

Nginx will always choose the mostspecific match. Adding the default_serverflag to the listen directive, you can create a default virtual host to catchall domains without a proper match.

server {

  listen          80 default_server;

  server_name     _;

 

  index           index.html;

  root            /var/www/default;

}

server_name _;meansnothing and does nothing.

 

The requests for /forum aretransferred to new subdomain (forum.domain.com), while requests to files not in/forum will be served from /home/domain.com.

server {

  listen          80 default_server;

  server_name     www.domain.com;

 

  root            /home/domain.com;

 

  # This will match any URI beginning with /forum

  location /forum {

    # We capture the URI and redirect it to the subdomain.

    rewrite forum(.*) http://forum.domain.com$1 permanent;

  }

}

 

server {

  listen          80;

  server_name     forum.domain.com;

 

  index           index.php;

  root            /home/domain.com/forum;

}

 

修改配置文件后，需要停止当前运行的Nginx主进程，Ubuntu命令如下：

kill -HUPcat/var/run/nginx.pid

 

Nginx的主进程（master process）能够接收的信号如下：

TERM, INT

Quick shutdown

QUIT

Graceful shutdown

KILL

Halts a stubborn process

HUP

Configuration reload
Start the new worker processes with a new configuration
Gracefully shutdown the old worker processes

USR1

Reopen the log files

USR2

Upgrade Executable on the fly

WINCH

Gracefully shutdown the worker processes

 

Nginx的工作进程（work process）能够接收的信号如下：

TERM, INT

Quick shutdown

QUIT

Graceful shutdown

USR1

Reopen the log files


然后重新启动。