Android之自动化压力测试工具：Monkey详解

monkey 压力测试
adb -d shell monkey -p your.package.name -v 6000

 一、  什么是Monkey

    Monkey是Android中的一个命令行工具，可以运行在模拟器里或实际设备中。它向系统发送伪随机的用户事件流（如按键输入、触摸屏输入、手势输入等），实现对正在开发的应用程序进行压力测试。Monkey测试是一种为了测试软件的稳定性、健壮性的快速有效的方法。

    二、 Monkey的特征

    1、测试的对象仅为应用程序包，有一定的局限性。

    2、 Monky测试使用的事件流数据流是随机的，不能进行自定义。

    3、可对MonkeyTest的对象，事件数量，类型，频率等进行设置。

    三、Monkey的基本用法

    基本语法如下：

    $ adb shell monkey [options]

    如果不指定options，Monkey将以无反馈模式启动，并把事件任意发送到安装在目标环境中的全部包。下面是一个更为典型的命令行示例，它启动指定的应用程序，并向其发送1500个伪随机事件：

    $ adb shell monkey -p your.package.name -v 1500

    $ monkey -p（package的意思）  指定文件名 -v（测试的次数和频率） number（次数）

    四、Monkey测试的一个实例

    通过这个实例，我们能理解Monkey测试的步骤以及如何知道哪些应用程序能够用Monkey进行测试。

    Windows下（注：2—4步是为了查看我们可以测试哪些应用程序包，可省略）：

    1、 通过eclipse启动一个Android的emulator

    2、 在命令行中输入：adb devices查看设备连接情况

    C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>adb devices

    List of devices attached

    emulator-5554   device

    3、 在有设备连接的前提下，在命令行中输入：adb shell 进入shell界面

    C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>adb shell

    #

    4、 查看data/data文件夹下的应用程序包。注：我们能测试的应用程序包都在这个目录下面

    C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>adb shell

    # ls data/data

    ls data/data

    com.google.android.btrouter

    com.android.providers.telephony

    com.android.mms

    com.android.providers.downloads

    com.android.deskclock

    com.android.email

    com.android.providers.media

    com.android.settings

    jp.co.omronsoft.openwnn

    com.android.providers.userdictionary

    com.android.quicksearchbox

    com.android.protips

    com.android.browser

    com.android.launcher

    com.android.term

    com.android.speechrecorder

    com.android.server.V*N

    com.android.defcontainer

    com.svox.pico

    com.android.customlocale

    com.android.development

    com.android.soundrecorder

    com.android.providers.drm

    com.android.spare_parts

    com.android.providers.downloads.ui

    com.android.fallback

    com.android.providers.applications

    com.android.netspeed

    com.android.wallpaper.livepicker

    android.tts

    com.android.htmlviewer

    com.android.music

    com.android.certinstaller

    com.android.inputmethod.pinyin

    com.android.providers.subscribedfeeds

    com.android.inputmethod.latin

    com.android.gallery

    com.android.systemui

    com.android.contacts

    com.android.phone

    com.android.sdksetup

    com.android.calculator2

    com.android.packageinstaller

    com.android.camera

    com.android.providers.settings

    com.thestore.main

    com.android.providers.contacts

    5、 以com.android.camera作为对象进行MonkeyTest

    #monkey -p com.android.camera -v 500

    其中-p表示对象包 –v 表示事件数量

    运行过程中，Emulator中的应用程序在不断地切换画面。

    按照选定的不同级别的反馈信息，在Monkey中还可以看到其执行过程报告和生成的事件。

    注：具体参数的设定可参考：

    http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/monkey.html

    五、关于Monkey测试的停止条件

    Monkey Test执行过程中在下列三种情况下会自动停止：

    1、如果限定了Monkey运行在一个或几个特定的包上，那么它会监测试图转到其它包的操作，并对其进行阻止。

    2、如果应用程序崩溃或接收到任何失控异常，Monkey将停止并报错。

    3、如果应用程序产生了应用程序不响应（application not responding）的错误，Monkey将会停止并报错。

    通过多次并且不同设定下的Monkey测试才算它是一个稳定性足够的程序。
    
    
下面是开发文档的原文,对其他的命令也有详细解释::   
http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/monkey.html:    
    
Basic Use of the Monkey

You can launch the Monkey using a command line on your development machine or from a script. Because the Monkey runs in the emulator/device environment, you must launch it from a shell in that environment. You can do this by prefacing adb shell to each command, or by entering the shell and entering Monkey commands directly.

The basic syntax is:

$ adb shell monkey [options] <event-count>

With no options specified, the Monkey will launch in a quiet (non-verbose) mode, and will send events to any (and all) packages installed on your target. Here is a more typical command line, which will launch your application and send 500 pseudo-random events to it:

$ adb shell monkey -p your.package.name -v 500



General     --help     Prints a simple usage guide.

-v
Each -v on the command line will increment the verbosity level. Level 0 (the default) provides little information beyond startup notification, test completion, and final results. Level 1 provides more details about the test as it runs, such as individual events being sent to your activities. Level 2 provides more detailed setup information such as activities selected or not selected for testing.


Events     

-s <seed>     
Seed value for pseudo-random number generator. If you re-run the Monkey with the same seed value, it will generate the same sequence of events.

--throttle <milliseconds>     
Inserts a fixed delay between events. You can use this option to slow down the Monkey. If not specified, there is no delay and the events are generated as rapidly as possible.

--pct-touch <percent>    

Adjust percentage of touch events. (Touch events are a down-up event in a single place on the screen.)

--pct-motion <percent>    

Adjust percentage of motion events. (Motion events consist of a down event somewhere on the screen, a series of pseudo-random movements, and an up event.)

--pct-trackball <percent>   

Adjust percentage of trackball events. (Trackball events consist of one or more random movements, sometimes followed by a click.)

--pct-nav <percent>    

Adjust percentage of "basic" navigation events. (Navigation events consist of up/down/left/right, as input from a directional input device.)

--pct-majornav <percent>    

Adjust percentage of "major" navigation events. (These are navigation events that will typically cause actions within your UI, such as the center button in a 5-way pad, the back key, or the menu key.)

--pct-syskeys <percent>   

 Adjust percentage of "system" key events. (These are keys that are generally reserved for use by the system, such as Home, Back, Start Call, End Call, or Volume controls.)

--pct-appswitch <percent>    

Adjust percentage of activity launches. At random intervals, the Monkey will issue a startActivity() call, as a way of maximizing coverage of all activities within your package.

--pct-anyevent <percent>    

Adjust percentage of other types of events. This is a catch-all for all other types of events such as keypresses, other less-used buttons on the device, and so forth.

Constraints     

-p <allowed-package-name>    

If you specify one or more packages this way, the Monkey will only allow the system to visit activities within those packages. If your application requires access to activities in other packages (e.g. to select a contact) you'll need to specify those packages as well. If you don't specify any packages, the Monkey will allow the system to launch activities in all packages. To specify multiple packages, use the -p option multiple times — one -p option per package.

 

-c <main-category>   

 If you specify one or more categories this way, the Monkey will only allow the system to visit activities that are listed with one of the specified categories. If you don't specify any categories, the Monkey will select activities listed with the category Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER or Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY. To specify multiple categories, use the -c option multiple times — one -c option per category.

 

Debugging  

--dbg-no-events    

When specified, the Monkey will perform the initial launch into a test activity, but will not generate any further events. For best results, combine with -v, one or more package constraints, and a non-zero throttle to keep the Monkey running for 30 seconds or more. This provides an environment in which you can monitor package transitions invoked by your application.

 

--hprof    

If set, this option will generate profiling reports immediately before and after the Monkey event sequence. This will generate large (~5Mb) files in data/misc, so use with care. See Traceview for more information on trace files.

 

--ignore-crashes   

 Normally, the Monkey will stop when the application crashes or experiences any type of unhandled exception. If you specify this option, the Monkey will continue to send events to the system, until the count is completed.

 

--ignore-timeouts    

Normally, the Monkey will stop when the application experiences any type of timeout error such as a "Application Not Responding" dialog. If you specify this option, the Monkey will continue to send events to the system, until the count is completed.

 

--ignore-security-exceptions   

 Normally, the Monkey will stop when the application experiences any type of permissions error, for example if it attempts to launch an activity that requires certain permissions. If you specify this option, the Monkey will continue to send events to the system, until the count is completed.

 

--kill-process-after-error    

Normally, when the Monkey stops due to an error, the application that failed will be left running. When this option is set, it will signal the system to stop the process in which the error occurred. Note, under a normal (successful) completion, the launched process(es) are not stopped, and the device is simply left in the last state after the final event.

 

--monitor-native-crashes    

Watches for and reports crashes occurring in the Android system native code. If --kill-process-after-error is set, the system will stop.

--wait-dbg     Stops the Monkey from executing until a debugger is attached to it.