使用WPF来创建 Metro UI
openkk
12年前
当我第一次运行Zune时,我为这些美丽的UI所折服。当时就说这肯定不是用WPF做的,因为这些字体是如此的清晰而且UI反映的也非常快速。。而且我从维基百科上也了解到Zune的第一个版本是2006年发布的,而WPF与.NET 3.0却是 2006 年11月发布的。
那么问题来了,如果它不是WPF做的,那它是用什么技术做到的呢?为了找到答案,我使用Process Explorer工具来看看Zune是如何启动的,默认情况下,.NET应用程序都是被用黄色高亮显示的。
很好,这说明Zune肯定是.net 应用程序了,然后我们可以看到Zune需要如下库
然后用 Reflector一看:
如你所见,根名空间是 Microsoft.Iris. 我在Google上搜到这玩意看上去就像某种原始的WPF组件 -- MCML
WPF能创造出类似的UI吗?
第一个难点就是就是设定WindowStyle为None。因为这有这有才能让标题栏以及边框不可见
那该如何移动窗体呢?
首先添加一个Shape(Rectangle),然后为它订阅PreviewMouseDown事件处理。
// Is this a double-click? if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(m_headerLastClicked) <= s_doubleClick) { // Execute the code inside the event handler for the // restore button click passing null for the sender // and null for the event args. HandleRestoreClick(null, null); } m_headerLastClicked = DateTime.Now; if (Mouse.LeftButton == MouseButtonState.Pressed) { DragMove(); }
该如何任意改变窗体大小?
在主窗体的四个角分别添加一个Shape(比如Rectangle)然后为它们都订阅PreviewMouseDown事件处理:
Rectangle clickedRectangle = (Rectangle)sender; switch (clickedRectangle.Name) { case "top": Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Top); break; case "bottom": Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Bottom); break; // ... }
下面就是用鼠标重新调整窗体大小的代码
////// Resizes the window. /// /// The direction. private void ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection direction) { NativeMethods.SendMessage(m_hwndSource.Handle, WM_SYSCOMMAND, (IntPtr)(61440 + direction), IntPtr.Zero); } [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] internal static extern IntPtr SendMessage( IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
如何为窗体添加阴影效果。
实际上有两种做法:
第一种就是试用DWM API。这个方法需要订阅SourceInitialized事件。
///无阴影的窗体/// Raises the /// Theevent. /// This method is invoked whenever /// /// is set to true internally. /// /// that contains the event data. protected override void OnInitialized(EventArgs e) { AllowsTransparency = false; ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize; Height = 480; Width = 852; WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.CenterScreen; WindowStyle = WindowStyle.None; SourceInitialized += HandleSourceInitialized; base.OnInitialized(e); } /// /// Handles the source initialized. /// /// The sender. /// The/// instance containing the event data. private void HandleSourceInitialized(Object sender, EventArgs e) { m_hwndSource = (HwndSource)PresentationSource.FromVisual(this); // Returns the HwndSource object for the window // which presents WPF content in a Win32 window. HwndSource.FromHwnd(m_hwndSource.Handle).AddHook( new HwndSourceHook(NativeMethods.WindowProc)); // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa969524(VS.85).aspx Int32 DWMWA_NCRENDERING_POLICY = 2; NativeMethods.DwmSetWindowAttribute( m_hwndSource.Handle, DWMWA_NCRENDERING_POLICY, ref DWMWA_NCRENDERING_POLICY, 4); // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa969512(VS.85).aspx NativeMethods.ShowShadowUnderWindow(m_hwndSource.Handle); }
有阴影的窗体
第二种方法就是使用四个外部的透明窗体来制造了阴影的假象,如下图所示
1,用代码的方式创建一个透明的窗体
2,找到Main Window 在屏幕上的坐标,尤其是左上角
3,计算4个透明窗口的坐标
4,当我们移动Main Window时,4个边框透明窗口也需要跟着移动
5,当我们重新设定 Main Window大小时,4个边框透明窗口也要跟着变化大小。
说这么多看上去好像很难,来让我们看看实现的代码吧。
创建透明窗体的代码
////// Initializes the surrounding windows. /// private void InitializeSurrounds() { // Top. m_wndT = CreateTransparentWindow(); // Left. m_wndL = CreateTransparentWindow(); // Bottom. m_wndB = CreateTransparentWindow(); // Right. m_wndR = CreateTransparentWindow(); SetSurroundShadows(); } ////// Creates an empty window. /// ///private static Window CreateTransparentWindow() { Window wnd = new Window(); wnd.AllowsTransparency = true; wnd.ShowInTaskbar = false; wnd.WindowStyle = WindowStyle.None; wnd.Background = null; return wnd; } /// /// Sets the artificial drop shadow. /// /// if set totrue [active]. private void SetSurroundShadows(Boolean active = true) { if (active) { Double cornerRadius = 1.75; m_wndT.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/ACTIVESHADOWTOP.PNG"); m_wndL.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/ACTIVESHADOWLEFT.PNG", cornerRadius); m_wndB.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/ACTIVESHADOWBOTTOM.PNG"); m_wndR.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/ACTIVESHADOWRIGHT.PNG", cornerRadius); } else { m_wndT.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/INACTIVESHADOWTOP.PNG"); m_wndL.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/INACTIVESHADOWLEFT.PNG"); m_wndB.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/INACTIVESHADOWBOTTOM.PNG"); m_wndR.Content = GetDecorator( "Images/INACTIVESHADOWRIGHT.PNG"); } } [DebuggerStepThrough] private Decorator GetDecorator(String imageUri, Double radius = 0) { Border border = new Border(); border.CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(radius); border.Background = new ImageBrush( new BitmapImage( new Uri(BaseUriHelper.GetBaseUri(this), imageUri))); return border; }
计算位置高度的代码
原文链接 , OSChina.NET原创翻译
////// Raises the /// Theevent. /// This method is invoked whenever /// /// is set to true internally. /// /// that contains the event data. protected override void OnInitialized(EventArgs e) { // ... LocationChanged += HandleLocationChanged; SizeChanged += HandleLocationChanged; StateChanged += HandleWndStateChanged; InitializeSurrounds(); ShowSurrounds(); base.OnInitialized(e); } /// /// Handles the location changed. /// /// The sender. /// The/// instance containing the event data. private void HandleLocationChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e) { m_wndT.Left = Left - c_edgeWndSize; m_wndT.Top = Top - m_wndT.Height; m_wndT.Width = Width + c_edgeWndSize * 2; m_wndT.Height = c_edgeWndSize; m_wndL.Left = Left - m_wndL.Width; m_wndL.Top = Top; m_wndL.Width = c_edgeWndSize; m_wndL.Height = Height; m_wndB.Left = Left - c_edgeWndSize; m_wndB.Top = Top + Height; m_wndB.Width = Width + c_edgeWndSize * 2; m_wndB.Height = c_edgeWndSize; m_wndR.Left = Left + Width; m_wndR.Top = Top; m_wndR.Width = c_edgeWndSize; m_wndR.Height = Height; } /// /// Handles the windows state changed. /// /// The sender. /// The/// instance containing the event data. private void HandleWndStateChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e) { if (WindowState == WindowState.Normal) { ShowSurrounds(); } else { HideSurrounds(); } }
原文链接 , OSChina.NET原创翻译