SSH2框架搭建
jopen
12年前
SSH框架，当今最为流行的项目开发框架，那么掌握他的第一步自然是学习如何配置环境，java Web开发的无论哪种框架都离不开各种xml配置，虽然说配置在网上到处都有，但是要成为高手，必须要明白配置中每一部分的意义，分析它的规律，因此走好这第一步至关重要。
SSH分为SSH1和SSH2，区别主要在于Struts的版本，即Struts1和Struts2，Struts1与Struts2在配置上有所差别，但每一步配置的意义区别不大。对于Struts1框架的搭建我已经在之前的文章介绍过了：http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6897757
这回主要为大家介绍的是基于Struts2的SSH2框架搭建。
我们在搭建框架之前，首先一定要注意各个框架的版本，不同的版本集成方式和所需的jar包是有区别的。
SSH2框架的版本为：struts-2.2.3 + spring-2.5.6 + hibernate-3.6.8
1. 所需jar包
struts2：
struts2-core-2.2.3.jar
struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar
xwork-core-2.2.3.jar
commons-io-2.0.1.jar
commons-lang-2.5.jar
commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar
freemarker-2.3.16.jar
ognl-3.0.1.jar
javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar（hibernate同样需要）
spring：
spring.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
common-annotations.jar
aspectjrt.jar
aspectjweaver.jar
cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar
（如果用BasicDataSource来配置数据库连接，还要加入以下2个包）
commons-dbcp.jar
commons-pool.jar
hibernate：
hibernate3.jar
hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar
antlr-2.7.6.jar
commons-collections-3.1.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar
jta-1.1.jar
slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar
slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar（这个jar包要去slf4j官网下载slf4j-1.6.4集成包）
jdbc：
ojdbc14.jar（oracle）
2. web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>testSSH</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 配置资源 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置自定义filter，并由spring管理 --> <!-- <filter> <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> --> <!-- 配置CharacterEncoding，设置字符集 --> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 将HibernateSession开关控制配置在Filter，保证一个请求一个session，并对lazy提供支持 --> <filter> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置struts2 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/config/struts.xml</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置spring --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 页面session配置 --> <session-config> <session-timeout>20</session-timeout> </session-config> <!-- 错误页面 --> <error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/error404.html</location> </error-page> </web-app>
注意：
① 配置自定义filter即DelegatingFilterProxy时，参数targetFilterLifecycle设为true是将filter放入web容器中成为真正意义上的filter。否则只是个代理filter，不具有filter的生命周期，因此无法执行filter的init、destroy方法。因为统一交由spring管理，所以在spring资源配置文件（如applicationContext.xml）中必须相应的并且名称为myFilter的bean。
② OpenSessionInViewFilter要将参数singleSession设置为true，否则意义不大。
③ 配置struts2建议采用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter。struts.xml默认放在src根目录下，若想放置到其他地方还要将struts-default.xml和struts-plugin.xml一同配置下，否则在于其他框架结合时（如spring）就会报错。配置struts2的filter标签要放到所有filter标签的最下面，否则会有问题。
3. struts.xml配置
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 将Action的创建交给spring来管理 --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /> <!-- 更改struts2请求Action的后缀名，默认为action。若想去掉后缀，设为","即可 --> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant> <package name="struts" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 配置拦截器 --> <interceptors> <interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="myInterceptor"></interceptor> <interceptor-stack name="myDefult"> <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"></interceptor-ref> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref> </interceptor-stack> </interceptors> <action name="myLogin" class="loginAction"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result> </action> <action name="testSession" class="sessionAction"> <interceptor-ref name="myDefult"></interceptor-ref> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
注意：
① 执行完自定义拦截器后，还要执行struts2默认的拦截器defaultStack，否则可能会出错。
② action标签的class属性，与spring结合后要写成spring中bean的名称name。
4. applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <!-- 启用spring注解支持 --> <context:annotation-config/> <!-- 第一种方法配置sessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property> </bean> <!-- 第二种方法配置sessionFactory <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:wang"/> <property name="username" value="wang"/> <property name="password" value="wang"/> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>classpath:test/entity/User.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> </bean> --> <!-- 第一种方法配置事务 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean> <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/> <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="MyException"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods" expression="execution(* test.dao.*.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/> </aop:config> <!-- 第二种方法配置事务 <bean id="transactionProxy" class= "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true"> 必须为true时CGLIB才不用强制编写DAO接口 <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" /> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -Exception</prop> <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +MyException</prop> <prop key="update">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="userService" parent="transactionProxy"> <property name="target" ref="iUserService"></property> </bean> <bean id="iUserService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean> --> <bean id="userService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean> <bean id="userDao" class="test.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- spring管理的自定义filter --> <bean id="myFilter" class="test.service.MyFilter"></bean> <!-- spring管理struts2的Action --> <bean id="loginAction" class="test.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype"></bean> <bean id="sessionAction" class="test.action.SessionAction" scope="prototype"></bean> <bean id="myInterceptor" class="test.service.MyInterceptor" scope="prototype"></bean> </beans>
注意：
① 配置事务时，如果事务是与含有sessionFactory的DAO层关联的话，要将<aop:config>标签的proxy-target-class属性设为true（第二种方法是proxyTargetClass属性），否则就会报错
② 采用Resource或Autowired注解时，bean中无需配置property属性标签。
③ 采用第二种方法配置sessionFactory时，还需要另外引入两个包（详见上述“所需jar”部分）。
5. filter与拦截器
● MyFilter.java
package test.service; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; public class MyFilter implements Filter { private String encoding; @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); chain.doFilter(request, response); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException { System.out.println("========" + config.getInitParameter("encoding") + "========"); encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding"); } } ● MyInterceptor.java
package test.service; import java.util.Map; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor{ @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void init() { } @Override public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { Map sessionMap = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession(); String username = (String)sessionMap.get("username"); if (username != null) { return invocation.invoke(); } return "error"; } } filter与拦截器（interceptor）的区别：
二者不论从结构还是功能都非常相似，但是二者是有区别的,：
① filter是基于servlet容器的，而interceptor仅限于struts2，因此filter的作用域要远大于interceptor。
② filter中doFilter方法是基于回调函数，而interceptor中intercept方法则是基于java反射。
③ filter的功能要远大于interceptor，filter除了过滤请求外通过通配符可以保护页面，图片，文件，还可以进行加密、安全过滤、权限管理等等，而Interceptor基本只能过滤请求。
④ filter拦截请求的粒度较粗，interceptor拦截请求的粒度较细。
6. action层
● LoginAction.java
package test.action; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import test.entity.User; import test.service.IUserService; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport { @Resource private IUserService userService; private String username; private String password; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { User user = new User(); user.setUsername(username); user.setPassword(password); try { userService.addUser(user); HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest(); request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username); return "success"; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "error"; } } 7. service层
● UserServiceImpl.java
package test.service; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import test.dao.IUserDao; import test.entity.User; public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{ @Resource private IUserDao userDao; @Override public void addUser(User user) throws Exception { userDao.addUser(user); if (!"admin".equals(user.getUsername()) || !"admin".equals(user.getPassword())) { throw new Exception(); } } @Override public boolean updateUser(User user) { return false; } @Override public boolean delUser(String username) { return false; } @Override public List<User> findAllUser() { return null; } } 接口因为很简单，就不展示了，这里我将filter和拦截器也放到了service层，仅是个示例而已，filter或interceptor最好单独放在一层。
8. dao层
● UserDaoImpl.java
package test.dao; import java.util.Date; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import test.entity.User; public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDao{ @Override public void addUser(User user){ user.setName("wang"); user.setCreateTime(new Date()); user.setModifyTime(new Date()); this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user); } } 9. entity层
package test.entity; import java.util.Date; public class User { private String username; private String password; private String name; private String email; private String tell; private Date createTime; private Date modifyTime; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getTell() { return tell; } public void setTell(String tell) { this.tell = tell; } public Date getCreateTime() { return createTime; } public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) { this.createTime = createTime; } public Date getModifyTime() { return modifyTime; } public void setModifyTime(Date modifyTime) { this.modifyTime = modifyTime; } } 这里其实提到用到了很多的知识点，需要学习和深入的地方很多，希望通过本篇的引领的为大家打开一扇窗户。