通C#访问MongoDB数据
webphp
13年前
<div id="article_content" class="article_content"> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">开始：</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">先下载个C#的驱动。MongoDB提供各种主流与非主流预言的开发驱动。</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">C# Driver 下载地址：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" title="猛击这里" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788589786922">猛击这里</a></p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a></p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">下载文件安装或者解压缩包</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">如果您是安装，请到安装位置寻找，如果是ZIP压缩包，解压缩包得到如下两个文件：</p> <ol style="line-height:19px;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;margin-left:2em;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoDB.Bson.dll ：序列化、Json相关</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoDB.Driver.dll ：我们的驱动</li> </ol> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">没了，只有这两个文件是我们的最爱。</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;"> </p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">继续：</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">新建一个C#的项目，不管你是vs2008，还是vs2010，也许您手中有vs2012？也发给我一份吧。感谢共享：）</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">添加引用，将上面两个DLL引入到项目里面</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;"><img style="border-right-width:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;" border="0" alt="通C#访问MongoDB数据" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/d6511222ac7a1b6546bea29a2e00030d.jpg" width="363" height="396" /></p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;"> </p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">您启动Mongod.exe了吗？启动服务。</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;"> </p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">代码里面添加命名空间：</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">using MongoDB.Bson;<br /> using MongoDB.Driver;</p> <p style="line-height:19px;margin:5px auto;font-family:verdana,Arial,helvetica,sans-seriff;color:#4b4b4b;">跟着[CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a>]继续做。如果您没有打开[CSharp Driver Tutorial]就不要开了，看完全文再看，以免分散精力。</p> <div style="border-bottom:#cccccc 1px solid;border-left:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-bottom:5px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;background-color:#f5f5f5;padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px;font-family:'Courier New';word-break:break-all;border-top:#cccccc 1px solid;border-right:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-top:5px;" class="cnblogs_code"> <div> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> MongoDB连接串，以[mongodb:</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">]开头。这里，我们连接的是本机的服务</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#0000ff;">string</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> connectionString </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">mongodb://localhost</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">;<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 连接到一个MongoServer上</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">MongoServer server </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> MongoServer.Create(connectionString);</span> </div> </div> <ol style="margin-left:2em;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoDb的连接串<br /> <ul style="list-style-type:disc;margin:0px 0px 10px 45px;padding-left:5px;font-size:11px;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">在连接串中，我们可以指定其他机器上的服务和连接端口格式如下：</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">mongodb://[username:password@]hostname[:port][/[database][?options]]</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">简单示例：mongodb://server1,server2:27017,server2:27018</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">更进一步详细的信息请查看[CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a>]</li> </ul> </li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoServer<br /> <ul style="list-style-type:disc;margin:0px 0px 10px 45px;padding-left:5px;font-size:11px;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">有几种不同的重载了的创建方式：</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoServer Create() 如果只是连接本机，并且本机只启动了一个服务，直接调用这个方法，完全不需要连接串</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoServer Create(MongoConnectionStringBuilder builder)</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoServer Create(MongoUrl url)</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoServer Create(string connectionString)</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoServer Create(Uri uri)</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">更进一步详细的信息请查看[CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a>]</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p style="margin:5px auto;">继续：</p> <p style="margin:5px auto;">再增加几行代码： </p> <div style="border-bottom:#cccccc 1px solid;border-left:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-bottom:5px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;background-color:#f5f5f5;padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px;font-family:'Courier New';word-break:break-all;border-top:#cccccc 1px solid;border-right:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-top:5px;" class="cnblogs_code"> <div id="cnblogs_code_open_b70a4a0d-d5a3-442c-aaa2-de34c6f4e08b"> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> MongoDB连接串，以[mongodb:</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">]开头。这里，我们连接的是本机的服务</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">string</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> connectionString </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">mongodb://localhost</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">;<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 连接到一个MongoServer上</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">MongoServer server </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> MongoServer.Create(connectionString); <br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> -------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 打开数据库testdb</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">MongoDatabase db </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> server.GetDatabase(</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">testdb</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">);<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 获取集合employees</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">MongoCollection collection </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> db.GetCollection(</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">employees</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">);</span> </div> </div> <ol style="margin-left:2em;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">server.GetDatabase(<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">testdb</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span>) <ul style="list-style-type:disc;margin:0px 0px 10px 45px;padding-left:5px;font-size:11px;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">打开数据库：testdb</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">我没有testdb库啊？？不要担心，不要疑惑，不要在这个问题上浪费时间，如果没有这个库存在，MongoDB会自动替你创建它的</li> </ul> </li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">db.GetCollection(<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">employees</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span>) <ul style="list-style-type:disc;margin:0px 0px 10px 45px;padding-left:5px;font-size:11px;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">获取集合：employees</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">好吧有了前一个教训，管他呢，爱存在不存在，MongoDB的开发人员都会替我们创建吧？</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p style="margin:5px auto;">继续： </p> <div style="border-bottom:#cccccc 1px solid;border-left:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-bottom:5px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;background-color:#f5f5f5;padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px;font-family:'Courier New';word-break:break-all;border-top:#cccccc 1px solid;border-right:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-top:5px;" class="cnblogs_code"> <div> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> MongoDB连接串，以[mongodb:</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">]开头。这里，我们连接的是本机的服务</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">string</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> connectionString </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">mongodb://localhost</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">;<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 连接到一个MongoServer上</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">MongoServer server </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> MongoServer.Create(connectionString); <br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> -------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 打开数据库testdb</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">MongoDatabase db </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> server.GetDatabase(</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">testdb</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">);<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 获取集合employees</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">MongoCollection collection </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;"> db.GetCollection(</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">employees</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:silver;">);</span> </div> <div> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- <br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 创建一个employee</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">BsonDocument employee </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#0000ff;">new</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> BsonDocument <br /> {<br /> { </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">name</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">, </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">Ernest Hemingway</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> },<br /> { </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">title</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">, </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">For Whom the Bell Tolls</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> }<br /> };<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 把它写到上面那个集合里面去</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">collection.Insert(employee);</span> </div> </div> <p style="margin:5px auto;"> 如果您的程序没有抛出任何异常，那么数据已经进去了。不知到BsonDocument是个啥东西？</p> <p style="margin:5px auto;">看个简单的例子吧：</p> <p style="margin:5px auto;">BsonDocument document = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> BsonDocument {<br /> { <span class="code-quote">"name"</span>, name },<br /> { <span class="code-quote">"city"</span>, city }, <span class="code-comment">// not added <span class="code-keyword">if</span> city is <span class="code-keyword">null</span><br /> </span> { <span class="code-quote">"dob"</span>, dob, dobAvailable } <span class="code-comment">// not added <span class="code-keyword">if</span> dobAvailable is <span class="code-keyword">false</span><br /> </span> };<br /> 它以键值对的方式、JSON的格式，保存数据。MongoDB通过BsonDocument套BsonDocument的方式，使您可以存储复杂格式的数据。</p> <ul style="margin:0px 0px 10px 45px;padding-left:5px;font-size:11px;"> <li>有一些重要的概念，看完文章以后，你一定要去过一遍：BsonType、BsonValue、BsonElement、BsonDocument、MongoServer、MongoDatabase、MongoCollection</li> <li>在这里： [CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a>]</li> </ul> <p style="margin:5px auto;"> 继续：</p> <p style="margin:5px auto;">最后几行小代码：</p> <div style="border-bottom:#cccccc 1px solid;border-left:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-bottom:5px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;background-color:#f5f5f5;padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px;font-family:'Courier New';word-break:break-all;border-top:#cccccc 1px solid;border-right:#cccccc 1px solid;padding-top:5px;" class="cnblogs_code"> <div> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> -------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 查询上面那个刚刚插进去的数据，就这格式了，看看QueryDocument的文档吧</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">var query </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">=</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#0000ff;">new</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> QueryDocument(</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">name</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">, </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">Ernest Hemingway</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">); <br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> 遍历结果</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#0000ff;">foreach</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> (BsonDocument emp </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#0000ff;">in</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> collection.Find(query))<br /> {<br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;">//</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"> BsonValue有两种取值方式，下面两个都用了一个是AsXXX,一个是ToXXX</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#008000;"><br /> </span> <span style="line-height:1.5;"> Console.WriteLine(</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">name:{0}\ttitle:{1}</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">, emp[</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">name</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">].AsString, emp[</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">title</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;color:#800000;">"</span> <span style="line-height:1.5;">].ToString());<br /> }</span> </div> </div> <ol style="margin-left:2em;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">QueryDocument <ul style="list-style-type:disc;margin:0px 0px 10px 45px;padding-left:5px;font-size:11px;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">MongoCollection <bsondocument> books; <br /> <span class="code-keyword">var</span> query = Query.And( <br /> Query.EQ( <span class="code-quote">"author"</span>, <span class="code-quote">"Kurt Vonnegut"</span>), <br /> Query.EQ( <span class="code-quote">"title"</span>, <span class="code-quote">"Cats Craddle"</span>) <br /> ); <br /> </bsondocument></li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">不解释了，查询的各种细节用法看各种文档吧（因为我还没看呢，解释不了，呵呵）。作为第一步，这里知道有这个东西，量和细节的积累在不断的实践中获得。[CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a>]</li> </ul> </li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">BsonValue 的取值 <ul style="list-style-type:disc;margin:0px 0px 10px 45px;padding-left:5px;font-size:11px;"> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">emp[<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">name</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span>].AsString 这是第一种取值方式。相关的有AsInt32,AsBoolean等等</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">emp[<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">title</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span>].ToString() 这是第二种取值方式。相关的有ToInt32,ToBoolean等等</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">请注意细节：</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">AsXXX取值方式，如果类型不一致，可以抛出异常InvalidCastException</li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;">ToXXX取值方式，不会抛出异常，会返回默认值。[CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a>]</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p style="margin:5px auto;">至此，已经完成第一次C#程序访问MongoDB的全过程。</p> <p style="margin:5px auto;">PS:重要概念：</p> <p style="margin:5px auto;">BsonType、BsonValue、BsonElement、BsonDocument、MongoServer、MongoDatabase、MongoCollection</p> <p style="margin:5px auto;">一定要看。[CSharp Driver Tutorial：<a style="color:#6fbc4c;" href="/misc/goto?guid=4959500788677835777">猛击这里</a>]</p> </div>