基于总线的消息服务(BBMS)的设计与实现
前言
异步事件的通知机制在比较有规模的软件设计中必然会有涉及,比如GUI程序中的事件监听器,应用程序模块之间的通信,以及分布式应用中的消息机制等。如果使用语言原生的对象注册通信,则耦合度不可避免的会增大,也就是说,当时间发生时,A要通知B,则A必须知道B的存在。耦合度的增大在一定程度上必然会影响灵活性。所以,另一种模式就是今天要说的总线模式(BUS Based),即所有的监听器将自己挂在总线上,这些监听器互相之间是无法直接通信的,它们可以向总线上push消息,或者从总线上得到消息,从而实现相互间的通信,当然,这种模式会在性能上有一定的额外开销。
BBMS的主页在google code上:http://code.google.com/p/bbms/
总线机制
bbms的客户端程序通过将自己注册在BUS Server上来等待异步事件,这个过程可以是本地的,也可以是远程的。本地的BUS可以作为GUI框架中的事件分发者 (dispatcher).JMS(Java Message Service)提供企业级的软件模块之间的通信机制,可以使得多个不同的应用集成为一个大型的应用。通过使用BBMS的远程接口,同样可以达到这样的效果。
BBMS的API
- /**
- *
- * @author juntao.qiu
- *
- */
- public class Test{
- public static void main(String[] args) throws RemoteException{
- /*
- * create a notifiable entry, declare that it's care of
- * TIMEOUT, CLOSE, and READY event.
- */
- Configuration config = new RMIServerConfiguration(null, 0);
- CommonNotifiableEntry entry1 =
- new CommonNotifiableEntry(config, "client1",
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_TIMEOUT |
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_CLOSE |
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_READY);
- /*
- * create another notifiable entry, declare that it's care of
- * OPEN, CLOSE, and TIMEOUT event.
- */
- CommonNotifiableEntry entry2 =
- new CommonNotifiableEntry(config, "client2",
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_OPEN |
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_CLOSE |
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_TIMEOUT);
- // register them to the remote Message BUS to listener events
- entry1.register();
- entry2.register();
- // new a message, of type MESSAGE_OPEN.
- Message msg = new CommonMessage(
- entry1.getId(),
- entry2.getId(),
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_OPEN,
- "busying now");
- // deliver it to entry2, which is from entry1
- entry1.post(msg);
- // create a message, of type MESSAGE_CLICKED, the entry2
- // does not handle this type, it'll not be deliver to entry2
- Message msgCannotBeReceived = new CommonMessage(
- entry1.getId(),
- entry2.getId(),
- MessageTypes.MESSAGE_CLICKED,
- "cliked evnet");
- entry1.post(msgCannotBeReceived);
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- // re use the message object to send another message entry
- msg.setSource(entry2.getId());
- msg.setTarget(entry1.getId());
- msg.setType(MessageTypes.MESSAGE_READY);
- msg.setBody("okay now");
- entry2.post(msg);
- // unregister self when all works are done or
- // don't want to listen any more
- entry1.unregister();
- entry2.unregister();
- }
- }
API的设计,最好可以做到简单,易用。BBMS也尽力要做到这一点,每一个notifiable(可别通知的)的对象,可以将自己注册到BUS上,当消息抵达时,BUS管理器会调用这个对象上的update方法,进行通知。
- This is client2, get message from : client1, it said that : busying now
- This is client1, get message from : client2, it said that : okay now
这个是MS运行的一个简单流程图。
BUS的实现
BUS接口的定义,可以向BUS上注册一个notifiableEntry(可被通知的对象),或者卸载这个对象,同时,可以向BUS中post一条消息。
- package bbms.framework;
- /**
- * @author juntao.qiu
- */
- public interface Bus extends java.rmi.Remote{
- /**
- * mount an notifiable entry on bus
- * @param entry
- */
- public void mount(NotifiableEntry entry) throws java.rmi.RemoteException;
- /**
- * unmount the notifiable entry on bus
- * @param entry
- */
- public void unmount(NotifiableEntry entry) throws java.rmi.RemoteException;
- /**
- * post a new message to Message Bus
- * @param message
- */
- public void post(Message message) throws java.rmi.RemoteException;
- }
BUS的实现比较有意思,其中维护两个链表,一个是监听器链表,一个是消息链表,挂载在总线上的实体向BUS发送一条消息,这个过程会立即返回。因为发送消息的过程可能由于网络原因或其他原因而延迟,而消息的发送者没有必要等待消息的传递,所以BUS中有一个主动线程,这个线程在BUS中放入新的消息时被唤醒,并对监听器链表进行遍历,将消息分发出去。由于BUS是一个服务级的程序,所以这个主动线程被设计成为一个daemon线程,除非显式的退出或者出错,否则BUS将会一直运行。
- /**
- *
- * @author juntao.qiu
- * worker thread, dispatch message to appropriate listener
- *
- */
- private class Daemon implements Runnable{
- private boolean loop = true;
- public void run(){
- while(loop){
- if(messages.size() == 0){
- synchronized(messages){
- try {messages.wait();}
- catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- processIncomingMessage();
- }
- }
- }
- BUS中的内部工作者线程。它被作为一个Daemon线程:
- private MessageBus() throws RemoteException{
- listeners = new LinkedList<NotifiableEntry>();
- messages = new LinkedList<Message>();
- Daemon daemon = new Daemon();
- daemonThread = new Thread(daemon);
- daemonThread.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY + 3);
- daemonThread.setDaemon(true);
- daemonThread.start();
- while(!daemonThread.isAlive());
- }
- 消息的定义
- public interface Message{
- public int getType();
- public void setType(int type);
- public String getTarget();
- public void setTarget(String target);
- public String getSource();
- public void setSource(String source);
- public Object getBody();
- public void setBody(Object body);
- }
为了更通用起见,消息体部分可以包含任何对象。消息类型参考了windows的消息机制,可以将消息进行复合:
- /*
- * 0x8000 = 1000 0000 0000 0000
- * 0x4000 = 0100 0000 0000 0000
- * 0x2000 = 0010 0000 0000 0000
- * 0x1000 = 0001 0000 0000 0000
- *
- * it's very useful when you want to combine some messages
- * together, and the user can simply determine what exactly
- * what you want. Refer the implementation of MessageBus.java
- * for more details.
- */
- public static final int MESSAGE_TIMEOUT = 0x8000;
- public static final int MESSAGE_CLICKED = 0x4000;
- public static final int MESSAGE_CLOSE = 0x2000;
- public static final int MESSAGE_OPEN = 0x1000;
- public static final int MESSAGE_READY = 0x0800;
- public static final int MESSAGE_BUSY = 0x0400;
- public static final int MESSAGE_WAIT = 0x0200;
- public static final int MESSAGE_OKAY = 0x0100;
总结
BBMS如果进行适当的扩展,可以完全实现JMS规范中涉及到的所有主题,如订阅模式(BBMS现在的实现中只有PTP模式,及点对点的模式,发送消息和接受消息的实体都必须同时在线)。BBMS主要面向的是轻量级的消息传递,比如GUI,分布式的GUI等。如果有兴趣,可以到BBMS 的页面上看一看:http://code.google.com/p/bbms/
来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/abruzzi/archive/2009/07/25/1531068.html,作者:abruzzi