配置使用Android数据库开源框架GreenDao
xg48
10年前
GreenDao介绍
android开发的本地数据库存储是sqlite。greenDAO应该算是当前最火的数据库开源框架了吧,它是一个移动开发的ORM(object / relational mapping)框架,是对sqlite数据库访问的对象化封装。以对象的形式去访问数据库,数据库表里面的字段就相当于对象的属性了。可以直接obj.data的形式访问了。如果觉得效率不够高,你也可以自己ORM的框架。据我所致GreeDao是android开发性能最好的数据库开源框架。
总之,一句话,greenDAO就是实现Java对象和SQLiteDatebase的一个媒介人,简化了SQLite的操作。接下来介绍使用过程。
一.下载GreenDao
要使用肯定要先下载他的软件包了,官网上有它的连接,对于marven和gradle环境直接到serarch.maven.org上下载jar包就好了。
下载的jar导入到工程里面就可以了,通常都是/libs目录下。
我这里也提供一个csdn的下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/csm_qz/8569031
上面那个下载地址下载解压后有三个文件如下图
首先我们要创建java generator工程greendao-generator-1.3.0.jar 和 freemarker-2.3.20.jar是我们创建java generator工程时生成Dao文件需要用到的(什么是我说的Dao文件,往下看就会知道)
greendao-1.3.7.jar是Android开发中需要用到的
二.创建generator工程(用来生成GreenDao开发过程中需要的java文件)
(1)创建Java工程(非Android工程)
(2)导入greenDao-generator.jar和freemarker.jar两个包。freemarker是一个用java写的模板引擎,它能够基于模板来生成文本输出。应该就是用来自动生成DAO文件的。eclipse下面就是在properties –> Java build path –> libraries下面导入jar包。
(3)创建一个包javagreendao
(4)创建一个类,类名为ExampleDaoGenerator,类的定义如下:
package javagreendao; import de.greenrobot.daogenerator.DaoGenerator; import de.greenrobot.daogenerator.Entity; import de.greenrobot.daogenerator.Property; import de.greenrobot.daogenerator.Schema; import de.greenrobot.daogenerator.ToMany; /** * Generates entities and DAOs for the example project DaoExample. * * Run it as a Java application (not Android). * * @author Markus */ public class ExampleDaoGenerator { //总之main函数就执行了下面几个函数 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 参数3是数据库版本号,“com.cn.speedchat.greendao”是包名,也就是说生成的Dao文件会在这个包下,可以将Schema理解为数据库上下文吧 Schema schema = new Schema(3, "com.cn.speedchat.greendao"); //addNote() addSession() addReplay()这三个函数相当于建立了三个表,表名你都可以不用管了会自动生成 addNote(schema); addSession(schema); addReplay(schema); addCustomerOrder(schema); //这个是生成Dao文件的路径的位置,这个代表当前工程的上一级目录的javagreendao的src-gen文件夹里面,其实就是跟src同一级目录,所以你自己要在src同一级目录下新建一个src-gen文件夹待会要生成的文件 new DaoGenerator().generateAll(schema, "../javagreendao/src-gen"); } //这个是一个Note表,然后后面的node.add***是表的字段名以及属性 private static void addNote(Schema schema) { //"MqttChatEntity"相当于是表的类名,用MqttChatEntity生成对象就可以访问这个表属性了,也就是这个表对应了这个类,待会使用你就会明白了 Entity note = schema.addEntity("MqttChatEntity"); note.addIdProperty().autoincrement(); note.addIntProperty("mode").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("sessionid").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("from").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("to").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("v_code"); note.addStringProperty("timestamp").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("platform"); note.addStringProperty("message"); note.addBooleanProperty("isread").notNull(); note.addLongProperty("gossipid"); note.addStringProperty("gossip"); note.addIntProperty("chattype").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("imagepath"); note.addStringProperty("base64image"); } //这个是一个Session表,然后后面的node.add***是表的字段名以及属性(这是我写的会话的一个表) private static void addSession(Schema schema) { Entity note = schema.addEntity("SessionEntity"); note.addIdProperty().autoincrement(); note.addStringProperty("sessionid").notNull().unique(); note.addStringProperty("from").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("to").notNull(); note.addLongProperty("gossipid").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("gossip"); note.addIntProperty("sessiontype").notNull(); note.addBooleanProperty("asdasd").notNull(); } //这个是一个Replay表,然后后面的node.add***是表的字段名以及属性(这是我写的回复的一个表) private static void addReplay(Schema schema) { //ReplayEntity对应的类名 Entity note = schema.addEntity("ReplayEntity"); note.addIdProperty().autoincrement(); note.addIntProperty("mode").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("from").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("to").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("v_code"); note.addStringProperty("timestamp").notNull(); note.addStringProperty("platform"); note.addStringProperty("message"); note.addIntProperty("msgtype").notNull(); note.addBooleanProperty("isread").notNull(); } //这个不用管了,照抄吧 private static void addCustomerOrder(Schema schema) { Entity customer = schema.addEntity("Customer"); customer.addIdProperty(); customer.addStringProperty("name").notNull(); Entity order = schema.addEntity("Order"); order.setTableName("ORDERS"); // "ORDER" is a reserved keyword order.addIdProperty(); Property orderDate = order.addDateProperty("date").getProperty(); Property customerId = order.addLongProperty("customerId").notNull().getProperty(); order.addToOne(customer, customerId); ToMany customerToOrders = customer.addToMany(order, customerId); customerToOrders.setName("orders"); customerToOrders.orderAsc(orderDate); } }
1)增加表如果你自己想加一些其他的表的话,你可以自己按照addSession,addNote ,addReplay三个函数的方式加,类名、字段名可以自己随便取比如说,比我我要加一个用户表,字段包括name,age,sex三个,我可以这样做
private static void addUser(Schema schema) { Entity note = schema.addEntity("UserEntity"); note.addIdProperty().autoincrement(); note.addStringProperty("name").notNull(); note.addIntProperty("age").notNull(); //true代表男,false代表女 note.addBooleanProperty("sex").notNull(); }
然后在main函数里面做如下调用
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Schema schema = new Schema(3, "com.cn.speedchat.greendao"); addNote(schema); addSession(schema); addReplay(schema); addUser(schema); addCustomerOrder(schema); new DaoGenerator().generateAll(schema, "../javagreendao/src-gen"); }
2)删除表当然一些不需要的表你可以不用,删掉就行,比如说你不须要addReplay,你就在main函数里面别调用addReplay(schema)就行
总之呢,这就是一个基于greenDao-generator.jar和freemarker.jar两个包的java工程
然后运行该工程,控制台打印出如下结果:
greenDAO Generator Copyright 2011-2013 Markus Junginger, greenrobot.de. Licensed under GPL V3. This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY Processing schema version 3… Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/MqttChatEntityDao.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/MqttChatEntity.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/SessionEntityDao.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/SessionEntity.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/ReplayEntityDao.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/ReplayEntity.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/CustomerDao.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/Customer.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/OrderDao.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/Order.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/DaoMaster.java Written /home/csm/workspace/javagreendao/src-gen/com/cn/speedchat/greendao/DaoSession.java Processed 5 entities in 189ms
这代表成功的生成了Dao文件,然后我们按F5刷新该工程,在查看src-gen目录文件,自动生成了很多java文件,这就是我们要的,我这里截图给大家看
但是有很多错误是不是,没关系,这个工程识别不了这些文件,这些文件是基于greendao-1.3.7.jar包的,是Android工程里面要用到的。先不管这个java工程了。接下来往下走
三.创建Android工程
(1)创建一个Android工程
(2)导入greendao-1.3.7.jar 方法是将greendao-1.3.7.jar文件放在libs文件夹下,然后右键该jar包=>add to build path
(3)将上面java工程生成的包”com.cn.speedchat.greendao”复制到该工程下面来,没有报错了,所以说在该Android工程下可以使用GreenDao了
我们拿一个文件来分析,比如MqttChatEntity.java文件,内容如下:
package com.cn.speedchat.greendao; // THIS CODE IS GENERATED BY greenDAO, DO NOT EDIT. Enable "keep" sections if you want to edit. /** * Entity mapped to table SESSION_ENTITY. */ public class SessionEntity { private Long id; /** Not-null value. */ private String sessionid; /** Not-null value. */ private String from; /** Not-null value. */ private String to; private long gossipid; private String gossip; private int sessiontype; private boolean asdasd; public SessionEntity() { } public SessionEntity(Long id) { this.id = id; } public SessionEntity(Long id, String sessionid, String from, String to, long gossipid, String gossip, int sessiontype, boolean asdasd) { this.id = id; this.sessionid = sessionid; this.from = from; this.to = to; this.gossipid = gossipid; this.gossip = gossip; this.sessiontype = sessiontype; this.asdasd = asdasd; } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } /** Not-null value. */ public String getSessionid() { return sessionid; } /** Not-null value; ensure this value is available before it is saved to the database. */ public void setSessionid(String sessionid) { this.sessionid = sessionid; } /** Not-null value. */ public String getFrom() { return from; } /** Not-null value; ensure this value is available before it is saved to the database. */ public void setFrom(String from) { this.from = from; } /** Not-null value. */ public String getTo() { return to; } /** Not-null value; ensure this value is available before it is saved to the database. */ public void setTo(String to) { this.to = to; } public long getGossipid() { return gossipid; } public void setGossipid(long gossipid) { this.gossipid = gossipid; } public String getGossip() { return gossip; } public void setGossip(String gossip) { this.gossip = gossip; } public int getSessiontype() { return sessiontype; } public void setSessiontype(int sessiontype) { this.sessiontype = sessiontype; } public boolean getAsdasd() { return asdasd; } public void setAsdasd(boolean asdasd) { this.asdasd = asdasd; } }
这就是我们平时写Android封装的一个普通的类,将一个表的字段封装到一个类里面了,然后我们就可以以对象的形式去访问,说白了就是数据库里面的一条数据对应一个对象了,下面看看怎么使用
(4)官方推荐将取得DaoMaster对象的方法放到Application层这样避免多次创建生成Session对象,在Application实现得到DaoMaster和DaoSession的方法,实现如下,新建一个ControlApp.java文件继承自Application:
package com.cn.greendaotest; import com.cn.speedchat.greendao.DaoMaster; import com.cn.speedchat.greendao.DaoMaster.OpenHelper; import com.cn.speedchat.greendao.DaoSession; import android.app.Application; import android.content.Context; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; public class ControlApp extends Application{ private static DaoMaster daoMaster; private static DaoSession daoSession; public static SQLiteDatabase db; //数据库名,表名是自动被创建的 public static final String DB_NAME = "dbname.db"; public static DaoMaster getDaoMaster(Context context) { if (daoMaster == null) { OpenHelper helper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(context,DB_NAME, null); daoMaster = new DaoMaster(helper.getWritableDatabase()); } return daoMaster; } public static DaoSession getDaoSession(Context context) { if (daoSession == null) { if (daoMaster == null) { daoMaster = getDaoMaster(context); } daoSession = daoMaster.newSession(); } return daoSession; } public static SQLiteDatabase getSQLDatebase(Context context) { if (daoSession == null) { if (daoMaster == null) { daoMaster = getDaoMaster(context); } db = daoMaster.getDatabase(); } return db; } @Override public void onCreate() { } }
(5)创建一个DBHelper的帮助类,这个帮助类写了自己封装的一些方法,内容如下
package com.cn.speedchat.greendao; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.cn.greendaotest.ControlApp; import com.cn.speedchat.greendao.MqttChatEntityDao.Properties; import de.greenrobot.dao.query.QueryBuilder; import android.content.Context; import android.util.Log; public class DBHelper { private static final String TAG = DBHelper.class.getSimpleName(); private static DBHelper instance; private static Context appContext; private DaoSession mDaoSession; private MqttChatEntityDao chatDao; private SessionEntityDao sessionDao; private DBHelper() { } //单例模式,DBHelper只初始化一次 public static DBHelper getInstance(Context context) { if (instance == null) { instance = new DBHelper(); if (appContext == null){ appContext = context.getApplicationContext(); } instance.mDaoSession = ControlApp.getDaoSession(context); instance.chatDao = instance.mDaoSession.getMqttChatEntityDao(); instance.sessionDao = instance.mDaoSession.getSessionEntityDao(); } return instance; } //删除Session表 public void dropSessionTable() { SessionEntityDao.dropTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); } //删除MqttChatEntity表 public void dropChatTable() { MqttChatEntityDao.dropTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); } //删除所有表 public void dropAllTable() { MqttChatEntityDao.dropTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); SessionEntityDao.dropTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); ReplayEntityDao.dropTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); } //创建所有表 public void createAllTable() { MqttChatEntityDao.createTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); SessionEntityDao.createTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); ReplayEntityDao.createTable(mDaoSession.getDatabase(), true); } /** * insert or update note * @param note * @return insert or update note id */ //插入或者删除session项 public long saveSession(SessionEntity session){ return sessionDao.insertOrReplace(session); } //获得所有的Session倒序排存到List列表里面 public List<SessionEntity> loadAllSession() { List<SessionEntity> sessions = new ArrayList<SessionEntity>(); List<SessionEntity> tmpSessions = sessionDao.loadAll(); int len = tmpSessions.size(); for (int i = len-1; i >=0; i--) { sessions.add(tmpSessions.get(i)); } return sessions; } public void DeleteSession(SessionEntity entity) { sessionDao.delete(entity); } //删除某一项Session public void DeleteNoteBySession(SessionEntity entity) { QueryBuilder<MqttChatEntity> mqBuilder = chatDao.queryBuilder(); mqBuilder.where(Properties.Sessionid.eq(entity.getSessionid())); List<MqttChatEntity> chatEntityList = mqBuilder.build().list(); chatDao.deleteInTx(chatEntityList); } //根据id找到某一项 public MqttChatEntity loadNote(long id) { return chatDao.load(id); } //获得所有的MqttChatEntity列表 public List<MqttChatEntity> loadAllNote(){ return chatDao.loadAll(); } /** * query list with where clause * ex: begin_date_time >= ? AND end_date_time <= ? * @param where where clause, include 'where' word * @param params query parameters * @return */ //查询满足params条件的列表 public List<MqttChatEntity> queryNote(String where, String... params){ ArrayList<MqttChatEntity> ad = new ArrayList<MqttChatEntity>(); return chatDao.queryRaw(where, params); } //不一一介绍了,大家可以自己写,有些比较难的查询可以使用QueryBuilder来查询 public List<MqttChatEntity> loadLastMsgBySessionid(String sessionid){ QueryBuilder<MqttChatEntity> mqBuilder = chatDao.queryBuilder(); mqBuilder.where(Properties.Sessionid.eq(sessionid)) .orderDesc(Properties.Id) .limit(1); return mqBuilder.list(); } public List<MqttChatEntity> loadMoreMsgById(String sessionid, Long id){ QueryBuilder<MqttChatEntity> mqBuilder = chatDao.queryBuilder(); mqBuilder.where(Properties.Id.lt(id)) .where(Properties.Sessionid.eq(sessionid)) .orderDesc(Properties.Id) .limit(20); return mqBuilder.list(); } /** * delete all note */ public void deleteAllNote(){ chatDao.deleteAll(); } /** * delete note by id * @param id */ public void deleteNote(long id){ chatDao.deleteByKey(id); Log.i(TAG, "delete"); } public void deleteNote(MqttChatEntity note){ chatDao.delete(note); } }