Android Framework层JNI的使用浅析

jopen 10年前

JNI技术对于多java开发的朋友相信并不陌生,即(java native interface),本地调用接口,主要功能有以下两点:

1、java层调用C/C++层代码

2、C/C++层调用java层代码

可能有些人会觉得jni技术破坏了Java语言的跨平台性,有这种想法可能是因为你对java理解得还不够深,如果你看看jdk源码,你会发现在 jdk里面大量使用了jni技术,而且java虚拟机就是用本地语言写的,所以导致jvm并不能跨平台性,所以说java的跨平台性并不是100%的跨平 台的。相反你应该看到使用Jni的优势:

1、因为C/C++语言本来机比java语言诞生早,所以很多库代码都是使用C/C++写的,有了Jni我们就可以直接使用了,不用重复造轮子。

2、不可否认,C/C++执行效率比java 高,对于一些对效率有要求的功能,必须使用C/C++.

由于打算研究Android 中java层和native层是如何连接起来的,所以想研究一下Android中的jni技术(在阅读之前,最好了解jni中的基本知识,如jni中数据 类型,签名格式,不然看起来可能有些吃力),由于工作和MediaPlayer有关,这里就使用MediaPlayer为例吧。

下面给出一张图,通过此图,我们简要说明一下jni是如何连接Java层和本地层的。

当我们的app要播放视频的时候,我们使用的是java层的MediaPlayer类,我们进入到MediaPlayer.java看看(提醒:我这里使用的是源码4.1)

主要注意的有两点:

1、静态代码块:

 static {          System.loadLibrary("media_jni");          native_init();      }

2、native_init的签名:

private static native final void native_init();

看到静态代码块后,我们可以知道MediaPlayer对应的jni层代码在Media_jni.so库中

本地层对应的so库是libmedia.so,所以MediaPlayer.java通过Media_jni.so和MediaPlayer.cpp(libmedia.so)进行交互

下面我们就深入到细节吧。不过在深入细节前,我先要告诉你一个规则,在Android中,通 常java层类和jni层类的名字有如下关系,拿MediaPlayer为例,java层叫 android.media.MediaPlayer.java,那么jni层叫做android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp

由于native_init是一个本地方法,那么我们就到android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp找到native_init的对应方法吧

static void  android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init(JNIEnv *env)  {      jclass clazz;        clazz = env->FindClass("android/media/MediaPlayer");      if (clazz == NULL) {          return;      }        fields.context = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mNativeContext", "I");      if (fields.context == NULL) {          return;      }        fields.post_event = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "postEventFromNative",                                                 "(Ljava/lang/Object;IIILjava/lang/Object;)V");      if (fields.post_event == NULL) {          return;      }        fields.surface_texture = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mNativeSurfaceTexture", "I");      if (fields.surface_texture == NULL) {          return;      }  }

对应上面的代码,如果你对java中的反射理解得很透彻的话,其实很好理解,首先找到java层的MediaPlayer的Class对 象,jclass是java层Class在native层的代码,然后分别保存mNaviceContext字 段,postEventFromNative方法,mNativeSurfaceTexture字段。

其实这里我最想说明的是另外一个问题,就是MediaPlayer中的 native_init方法时如何跟android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp中的 android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init对应起来的,因为我们知道如果使用javah自动生成的头文件,那么在 jni层的名字应该是java_android_media_MediaPlayer_native_linit。其实这里涉及到一个动态注册的过程。

其实在java层代用System.loadLibrary成功后,就会调用jni文件中的JNI_onLoad方法,android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp中的JNI_onLoad方法如下(截取部分)

jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved)  {      JNIEnv* env = NULL;      jint result = -1;        if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) {          ALOGE("ERROR: GetEnv failed\n");          goto bail;      }      assert(env != NULL);        if (register_android_media_MediaPlayer(env) < 0) {          ALOGE("ERROR: MediaPlayer native registration failed\n");          goto bail;      }        /* success -- return valid version number */      result = JNI_VERSION_1_4;    bail:      return result;  }

这里有一个方法叫做register_android_media_MediaPlayer,我们进入此方法,看看注册了什么

static int register_android_media_MediaPlayer(JNIEnv *env)  {      return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(env,                  "android/media/MediaPlayer", gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));  }

这里就是调用了AndroidRuntime提供的registerNativeMethods方法,这里涉及到一个gMethods的变量,它其实是一个结构体

typedef struct {  const char* name;  const char* signature;  void* fnPtr;  } JNINativeMethod;

name:就是在java层方法名称

signature:就是方法在签名

fnPtr:在jni层对应的函数名称

,那么我们找到native_init在gMethods对应的值吧

static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {      {          "_setDataSource",          "(Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)V",          (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceAndHeaders      },     ....      {"native_init",         "()V",                              (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init},      ...  };

接下来,我们看看AndroidRuntime中的registerNativeMethods做了什么吧

/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,      const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)  {      return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);  }

调用了jniRegisterNativeMethods

extern "C" int jniRegisterNativeMethods(C_JNIEnv* env, const char* className,      const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)  {      JNIEnv* e = reinterpret_cast<JNIEnv*>(env);        ALOGV("Registering %s natives", className);        scoped_local_ref<jclass> c(env, findClass(env, className));      if (c.get() == NULL) {          ALOGE("Native registration unable to find class '%s', aborting", className);          abort();      }        if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(e, c.get(), gMethods, numMethods) < 0) {          ALOGE("RegisterNatives failed for '%s', aborting", className);          abort();      }        return 0;  }

最终调用了env的RegisterNativers完成了注册。

其实写到这里,我们已经知道了java层和jni是如何联系起来的,接下来我想说的是jni是如何将java层和native联系起来的,还是用MediaPlayer为例吧,我们进入MediaPlayer的构造函数。

    public MediaPlayer() {            Looper looper;          if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) {              mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);          } else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) {              mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);          } else {              mEventHandler = null;          }            /* Native setup requires a weak reference to our object.           * It's easier to create it here than in C++.           */          native_setup(new WeakReference<MediaPlayer>(this));      }

这里创建了一个mEventHandler对象,并调用了native_setup方法,我们进入到android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp的对应方法看看

static void  android_media_MediaPlayer_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_this)  {      ALOGV("native_setup");      sp<MediaPlayer> mp = new MediaPlayer();      if (mp == NULL) {          jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/RuntimeException", "Out of memory");          return;      }        // create new listener and give it to MediaPlayer      sp<JNIMediaPlayerListener> listener = new JNIMediaPlayerListener(env, thiz, weak_this);      mp->setListener(listener);        // Stow our new C++ MediaPlayer in an opaque field in the Java object.      setMediaPlayer(env, thiz, mp);  }

这里创建了一个本地MediaPlayer对象,并且设置了listener,(如果做过播放器的同学应该知道这个listener应该知道干啥,不知道也没关系),最后调用了setMediaPlayer方法,这个才是我们需要关注的。

static sp<MediaPlayer> setMediaPlayer(JNIEnv* env, jobject thiz, const sp<MediaPlayer>& player)  {      Mutex::Autolock l(sLock);      sp<MediaPlayer> old = (MediaPlayer*)env->GetIntField(thiz, fields.context);      if (player.get()) {          player->incStrong(thiz);      }      if (old != 0) {          old->decStrong(thiz);      }      env->SetIntField(thiz, fields.context, (int)player.get());      return old;  }

其实就是先拿到fields.context的对应的值,还记得这个这个值是什么吗,不记得的可以回到上面看看

fields.context = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mNativeContext", "I");

其实就是java层mNativeContext对应的值,就是将本地MediaPlayer的地址存放到mNativeContext中。

现在加入我们要播放一个本地Mp4视频,那么使用如下代码即可

mediaPlayer.setDataSource("/mnt/sdcard/a.mp4");     mediaPlayer.setDisplay(surface1.getHolder());    mediaPlayer.prepare();    mediaPlayer.start();

其实这里调用的 几个都是本地方法,这里我就是用prepare方法为例,讲解MediaPlaeyr.java和MediaPlayer.cpp的交互

当在java层调用prepare方法时,在jni层会调用如下方法

static void  android_media_MediaPlayer_prepare(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)  {      sp<MediaPlayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz);      if (mp == NULL ) {          jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", NULL);          return;      }        // Handle the case where the display surface was set before the mp was      // initialized. We try again to make it stick.      sp<ISurfaceTexture> st = getVideoSurfaceTexture(env, thiz);      mp->setVideoSurfaceTexture(st);        process_media_player_call( env, thiz, mp->prepare(), "java/io/IOException", "Prepare failed." );  }

这里通过getMediaPlayer方法拿到本地的MediaPlayer对象,调用调用本地方法process_media_player_call,并将本地MediaPlayer调用parepare方法的结果传递给此方法。

static void process_media_player_call(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, status_t opStatus, const char* exception, const char *message)  {      if (exception == NULL) {  // Don't throw exception. Instead, send an event.          if (opStatus != (status_t) OK) {              sp<MediaPlayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz);              if (mp != 0) mp->notify(MEDIA_ERROR, opStatus, 0);          }      } else {  // Throw exception!          if ( opStatus == (status_t) INVALID_OPERATION ) {              jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", NULL);          } else if ( opStatus == (status_t) PERMISSION_DENIED ) {              jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/SecurityException", NULL);          } else if ( opStatus != (status_t) OK ) {              if (strlen(message) > 230) {                 // if the message is too long, don't bother displaying the status code                 jniThrowException( env, exception, message);              } else {                 char msg[256];                  // append the status code to the message                 sprintf(msg, "%s: status=0x%X", message, opStatus);                 jniThrowException( env, exception, msg);              }          }      }  }

在这个里面根据prepare返回的状态,如果exception==null 并且prepare执行失败,测试不抛异常,而是调用本地MediaPlayer的notify方法。

void MediaPlayer::notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2, const Parcel *obj)  {      ALOGV("message received msg=%d, ext1=%d, ext2=%d", msg, ext1, ext2);      bool send = true;      bool locked = false;       ...        switch (msg) {      case MEDIA_NOP: // interface test message          break;      case MEDIA_PREPARED:          ALOGV("prepared");          mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_PREPARED;          if (mPrepareSync) {              ALOGV("signal application thread");              mPrepareSync = false;              mPrepareStatus = NO_ERROR;              mSignal.signal();          }          break;      case MEDIA_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE:          ALOGV("playback complete");          if (mCurrentState == MEDIA_PLAYER_IDLE) {              ALOGE("playback complete in idle state");          }          if (!mLoop) {              mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE;          }          break;      case MEDIA_ERROR:          // Always log errors.          // ext1: Media framework error code.          // ext2: Implementation dependant error code.          ALOGE("error (%d, %d)", ext1, ext2);          mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ERROR;          if (mPrepareSync)          {              ALOGV("signal application thread");              mPrepareSync = false;              mPrepareStatus = ext1;              mSignal.signal();              send = false;          }          break;      case MEDIA_INFO:          // ext1: Media framework error code.          // ext2: Implementation dependant error code.          if (ext1 != MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_TRACK_LAGGING) {              ALOGW("info/warning (%d, %d)", ext1, ext2);          }          break;      case MEDIA_SEEK_COMPLETE:          ALOGV("Received seek complete");          if (mSeekPosition != mCurrentPosition) {              ALOGV("Executing queued seekTo(%d)", mSeekPosition);              mSeekPosition = -1;              seekTo_l(mCurrentPosition);          }          else {              ALOGV("All seeks complete - return to regularly scheduled program");              mCurrentPosition = mSeekPosition = -1;          }          break;      case MEDIA_BUFFERING_UPDATE:          ALOGV("buffering %d", ext1);          break;      case MEDIA_SET_VIDEO_SIZE:          ALOGV("New video size %d x %d", ext1, ext2);          mVideoWidth = ext1;          mVideoHeight = ext2;          break;      case MEDIA_TIMED_TEXT:          ALOGV("Received timed text message");          break;      default:          ALOGV("unrecognized message: (%d, %d, %d)", msg, ext1, ext2);          break;      }        sp<MediaPlayerListener> listener = mListener;      if (locked) mLock.unlock();        // this prevents re-entrant calls into client code      if ((listener != 0) && send) {          Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotifyLock);          ALOGV("callback application");          listener->notify(msg, ext1, ext2, obj);          ALOGV("back from callback");      }  }

做过播放器的同学应该对上面几个消息都不陌生吧,由于刚才调用prepare方法失败了,所以这里应该执行MEDIA_ERROR分支,最后调用listener的notify代码,这个listener就是在native_setup中设置的

void JNIMediaPlayerListener::notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2, const Parcel *obj)  {      JNIEnv *env = AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv();      if (obj && obj->dataSize() > 0) {          jobject jParcel = createJavaParcelObject(env);          if (jParcel != NULL) {              Parcel* nativeParcel = parcelForJavaObject(env, jParcel);              nativeParcel->setData(obj->data(), obj->dataSize());              env->CallStaticVoidMethod(mClass, fields.post_event, mObject,                      msg, ext1, ext2, jParcel);          }      } else {          env->CallStaticVoidMethod(mClass, fields.post_event, mObject,                  msg, ext1, ext2, NULL);      }      if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {          ALOGW("An exception occurred while notifying an event.");          LOGW_EX(env);          env->ExceptionClear();      }  }

还记得fields.post_event保存的是什么吗

fields.post_event = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "postEventFromNative",                                                 "(Ljava/lang/Object;IIILjava/lang/Object;)V");

就是java层MediaPlayer的postEventFromNative方法,也就是说如果播放出错了,那么就通过调用postEventFromNative方法来告诉java层的MediaPlayer。

    private static void postEventFromNative(Object mediaplayer_ref,                                              int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj)      {          MediaPlayer mp = (MediaPlayer)((WeakReference)mediaplayer_ref).get();          if (mp == null) {              return;          }            if (what == MEDIA_INFO && arg1 == MEDIA_INFO_STARTED_AS_NEXT) {              // this acquires the wakelock if needed, and sets the client side state              mp.start();          }          if (mp.mEventHandler != null) {              Message m = mp.mEventHandler.obtainMessage(what, arg1, arg2, obj);              mp.mEventHandler.sendMessage(m);          }      }

这个时间最终通过mEventHandler处理,也就是在我们app进程中处理这个错误。

写到这里,相信你应该对java层和native层的交互有了导致的了解。

来源:上善若水